tissue extract extracellular vesicles

Aging is one of the inherent risk factors for breast cancer. Although the influence of age-related cellular alterations on breast cancer development has been extensively explored, little is known about the alterations in the aging breast tissue microenvironment, specifically the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, for the first time in literature, we have identified tissue resident matrix bound vesicles (MBVs) within the healthy mouse breast ECM, investigated and compared their characteristics in young and aged healthy breast tissues, and studied the effects of these MBVs on normal (KTB21) and cancerous (MDA-MB-231) human mammary epithelial cells with respect to the tissue age that they are extracted from...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung disease usually resulting from cigarette smoking (CS). Cigarette smoking induces oxidative stress, which causes inflammation and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, and represents a compelling therapeutic target for COPD. Human platelet-derived exosome product (PEP) is endowed with antioxidant enzymes and immunomodulatory molecules that mediate tissue repair. In this study, a murine model of CS-induced emphysema was used to determine whether nebulized PEP can influence the development of CS-induced emphysema through the mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the lung...

AIM: Exercise can reduce body weight and promote white fat browning, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study investigated the role of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a hormone released from exercising muscle, in the browning of white fat in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). METHODS: Mice were subjected to a 4 weeks of running table exercise, and fat browning was analyzed via histology, protein blotting and qPCR...

BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been revealed to facilitate the development of oral squamous cavity cell carcinoma (OCSCC), while its supporting role in lymph node metastases is under continuous investigation. This study aimed to examine the function of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF)-derived EVs (CAF-EVs) during lymph node metastasis in OCSCC and the mechanisms. METHODS: CAF were isolated from OCSCC tissues of patients, and CAF-EVs were extracted and identified...

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contain microRNAs (miRNAs) which have potential to act as disease-specific biomarkers. The current study uses an established method to maintain human thyroid tissue ex vivo on a tissue-on-chip device, allowing the collection, isolation and interrogation of the sEVs released directly from thyroid tissue. sEVs were analysed for differences in miRNA levels released from benign thyroid tissue, Graves' disease tissue and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), using miRNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to identify potential biomarkers of disease...

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of three major treatments for malignant tumors, and one of its most common side effects is skin and soft tissue injury. However, the treatment of these remains challenging. Several studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment enhances skin wound healing. In this study, we extracted human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from patients and generated an in vitro radiation-induced skin injury model with HDFs to verify the effect of conditioned medium derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-CM) and extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-EVs) on the healing of radiation-induced skin injury...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the regulatory role of microRNA (miR)-148a-3p in mouse corpus cavernous pericyte (MCPs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the treatment of diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS: Mouse corpus cavernous tissue was used for MCP primary culture and EV isolation. Small-RNA sequencing analysis was performed to assess the type and content of miRs in MCPs-EVs. Four groups of mice were used: control nondiabetic mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice receiving two intracavernous injections (days - 3 and 0) of phosphate buffered saline, MCPs-EVs transfected with reagent control, or MCPs-EVs transfected with a miR-148a-3p inhibitor...

Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TEVs) play a pivotal role in cancer progression by transferring functional biomolecules between the parental and recipient cells. Here, we present a protocol to isolate TEVs directly from murine primary mammary tumor using differential centrifugation. We describe steps for tissue dissociation, enzymatic digestion, and centrifugation. We then detail procedures for characterization of TEVs through transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting, and nano-flow cytometry...

OBJECTIVE: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can disrupt membrane transmission by affecting transmembrane channels or neurotransmitter release. This study aimed to explore gene expression changes of transmembrane proteins underlying SCI through bioinformatics approaches and confirming in SCI model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in acute and subacute SCI were obtained based on microarray data downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO)...

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used in clinical practice. The mechanism by which PRP promotes tissue repair lies in the release of multiple growth factors upon platelet activation, which accelerates the proliferation and differentiation of repair cells and the synthesis of extracellular matrix. In recent years, as extracellular vesicles (EVs) research has increased and intensified, it has been found that EVs also play an important role in tissue repair. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of PRP and PRP-derived extracellular vesicles (PRP-EVs) in tissue repair...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease. It has been observed that the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing, which consequently raises the risk of developing colon cancer. Recently, the regulation of the intestinal barrier by probiotics has become an effective treatment for colitis. Akkermansia muciniphila -derived extracellular vesicles (Akk EVs) are nano-vesicles that contain multiple bioactive macromolecules with the potential to modulate the intestinal barrier. In this study, we used ultrafiltration in conjunction with high-speed centrifugation to extract Akk EVs...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vehicles secreted by all live cells to establish communication with adjacent cells. In recent years, mammalian EVs (MEVs) have been widely investigated for their therapeutic implications in human disease conditions. As the understanding of MEV composition and nature is advancing, scientists are constantly exploring alternatives for EV production with similar therapeutic potential. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PDEVs) may be a better substitute for MEVs because of their widespread sources, cost-effectiveness, and ease of access...

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have gained great attention and have been widely used in cell-free therapies for treating diabetic non-healing wounds in recent years. However, further clinical application of ADSC-sEVs have been limited due to their unsolvable defects, including cumbersome extraction procedure, high cost, low yield, etc. Thus, we urgently need to find one therapeutic reagent that could not only accelerate diabetic wound healing as ADSC-sEVs but also overcome these shortcomings...

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a global health problem characterized by impaired heart function. Cardiac remodeling and cell death contribute to the development of HF. Although treatments such as digoxin and angiotensin receptor blocker drugs have been used, their effectiveness in reducing mortality is uncertain. Researchers are exploring the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) exosomes (Exos) as a potential therapy for HF. These vesicles, secreted by cells, may aid in tissue repair and regulation of inflammation and immune responses...

PURPOSE: Endothelial cell dysfunction is a major cause of early atherosclerosis. Although the role of extracellular vesicles in stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques is well established, the effect of circulating exosomes on plaque formation is still unknown. Here, we explored the effect of exosomes on atherosclerosis based on the function that exosomes can act on intercellular communication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We extracted serum exosomes from the blood of CHD patients (CHD-Exo) and healthy individuals (Con-Exo)...

BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Differential abundance of ncRNAs carried by EVs may provide valuable insights into underlying disease mechanisms. Brain tissue-derived EVs (bdEVs) are particularly relevant, as they may offer valuable insights about the tissue of origin. However, there is limited research on diverse ncRNA species in bdEVs in AD. OBJECTIVE: This study explored whether the non-coding RNA composition of EVs isolated from post-mortem brain tissue is related to AD pathogenesis...

OBJECTIVE: Depression is a common mental illness. Neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs) are involved in repairing neuronal injury. We estimated the mechanism of miR-16-5p in depression rats. METHODS: EVs were extracted from NSCs. The depression rat model was established by corticosterone (CORT) induction and treated with NSC-EVs. The depression behavioral/pathological changes in rats were assessed using forced swimming test, open field test, sucrose consumption test and western blotting...

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) have been highly studied with their critical roles as carriers of therapeutic targets such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in the treatment of human diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Herein, we tried to study the potential of BMSC-EVs to deliver miR-200b for the regulation of macrophage polarization in PAH. METHODS: Rat models of PAH were induced with monocrotaline treatment, followed by miR-200b expression detection in lung tissues, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and macrophages...

Cancer cachexia is a systemic inflammation-driven syndrome, characterized by muscle atrophy and adipose tissue wasting, with progressive weight loss leading to serious impairment of physiological function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer cells play a significant role in adipocyte lipolysis, yet the mechanism remain uneclucidated. In this study, EVs derived from Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were extracted and characterized. 3 T3-L1 and HIB1B adipocytes were cultured with conditioned medium or EVs from LLC, and LLC cells were used to establish a cancer cachexia mouse model...

BACKGROUND: Failures in invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) migration into the maternal uterus have been noticed in preeclampsia (PE). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been highlighted for the role as a potential therapeutic method in PE. This study intends to investigate the mechanistic basis of hUCMSCs-derived EVs loaded with bioinformatically identified TFCP2 in the activities of EVTs of PE. METHODS: Primary human EVTs were exposed to hypoxic/reoxygenation (H/R) to mimic the environment encountered in PE...