keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23078273/neuroimaging-comparison-of-primary-progressive-apraxia-of-speech-and-progressive-supranuclear-palsy
#21
COMPARATIVE STUDY
J L Whitwell, J R Duffy, E A Strand, M M Machulda, M L Senjem, J L Gunter, K Kantarci, S D Eggers, C R Jack, K A Josephs
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Primary progressive apraxia of speech, a motor speech disorder of planning and programming, is a tauopathy that has overlapping histological features with progressive supranuclear palsy. We aimed to compare, for the first time, atrophy patterns, as well as white matter tract degeneration, between these two syndromes. METHODS: Sixteen primary progressive apraxia of speech subjects were age- and gender-matched to 16 progressive supranuclear palsy subjects and 20 controls...
April 2013: European Journal of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23057723/coexistence-of-protease-sensitive-and-resistant-prion-protein-in-129vv-homozygous-sporadic-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-a-case-report
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana B Rodríguez-Martínez, Adolfo López de Munain, Isidro Ferrer, Juan J Zarranz, Begoña Atarés, Nuria T Villagra, Jose M Arteagoitia, Joseba M Garrido, Ramón A Juste
UNLABELLED: <AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The coexistence of different molecular types of classical protease-resistant prion protein in the same individual have been described, however, the simultaneous finding of these with the recently described protease-sensitive variant or variably protease-sensitive prionopathy has, to the best of our knowledge, not yet been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year-old Caucasian woman showed a sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease clinical phenotype with reactive depression, followed by cognitive impairment, akinetic-rigid Parkinsonism with pseudobulbar syndrome and gait impairment with motor apraxia, visuospatial disorientation, and evident frontal dysfunction features such as grasping, palmomental reflex and brisk perioral reflexes...
October 11, 2012: Journal of Medical Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23026537/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-presenting-as-primary-lateral-sclerosis-but-lacking-parkinsonism-gaze-palsy-aphasia-or-dementia
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shigeto Nagao, Osamu Yokota, Reiko Nanba, Hiroshi Takata, Takashi Haraguchi, Hideki Ishizu, Chikako Ikeda, Naoya Takeda, Etsuko Oshima, Katsuaki Sakane, Seishi Terada, Yuetsu Ihara, Yosuke Uchitomi
We report an autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) that clinically showed only slowly progressive and symmetric upper motor neuron syndrome over a disease course of 12 years. A female patient initially exhibited dysarthria at the age of 65, followed by gait disturbance and dysphagia. Neurological examination at age 67 disclosed pseudobulbar palsy, spastic gait, hyperreflexia, and presence of bilateral Hoffmann and Babinski signs. However, muscle atrophy, weakness, evidence of denervation on electromyography, vertical gaze palsy, parkinsonism, gait freezing, aphasia, speech apraxia, or dementia was not noted throughout the course...
December 15, 2012: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22611616/-vascular-or-lower-body-parkinsonism-rise-and-fall-of-a-diagnosis
#24
REVIEW
Imre Szirmai
UNLABELLED: The "arteriosclerotic parkinsonism", which is called vascular parkinsonism (VP), was first described by Critchley'. The broad based slow gait, reduced stride lenght, start hesitation, freezing and paratonia was mentioned as "lower body parkinsonism" (LBP) which can be associated by slow speech, dysexecutive syndrome, and hand tremor of predominantly postural character. In VP the DAT-scan proved normal dopamine content of the striatum in contrast with Parkinson's disease (PD)...
November 30, 2011: Ideggyógyászati Szemle
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22246015/clinical-and-single-photon-emission-computed-tomography-study-of-pure-akinesia-with-freezing-of-gait
#25
REVIEW
Imen Kacem, Amina Gargouri, Mouna Ben-Djebara, Riadh Gouider
The clinical syndrome of pure akinesia (PA) is considered the third phenotype of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and is characterized by freezing of gait and prominent speech disturbance without rigidity or tremor. It is frequently considered one of the dopamine resistant motor syndromes, and its pathophysiology remains unclear. We report a patient followed in the Department of Neurology of Razi Hospital, Tunisia, with PA with gait freezing (PAGF) with a frontal hypoperfusion on single photon emission CT and non-responsive dopa therapy...
January 2012: Neurosciences: the Official Journal of the Pan Arab Union of Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22026467/sudden-paraplegia-in-a-case-of-apparently-isolated-frontal-embryonal-tumour-with-abundant-neuropil-and-true-rosettes
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paolo Frassanito, Luca D'Angelo, Luca Massimi, Libero Lauriola, Mariangela Novello, Concezio Di Rocco, Gianpiero Tamburrini
The exceptional case of a 19-month-old boy with an apparently isolated frontal lesion and a huge holocord neoplastic involvement, presenting with a subtly indolent preoperative course and a particularly tumultuous evolution, is reported. The diagnosis of embryonal tumour with abundant neuropil and true rosettes was posed.
April 2012: British Journal of Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21827922/frontal-lobe-ataxia
#27
REVIEW
Philip D Thompson
The precise anatomy and physiology of human walking remains poorly understood. The frontal lobes appear crucial, and, on the basis of clinical observation, contribute to the control of truncal motion, postural responses, and the maintenance of equilibrium and locomotion. The rich repertoire of frontal gait disorders gives some indication of this complexity. Variable combinations of disequilibrium with a wide stance base, increased body sway and falls, loss of control of truncal motion, locomotor disability with gait ignition failure, start hesitation, shuffling, and freezing are encountered in diseases of the frontal lobes...
2012: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21690028/-progressive-supranuclear-palsy-what-s-new
#28
REVIEW
Richard Levy
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has been described as a clinical syndrome characterized by an impairment of voluntary control of gaze (supranuclear palsy), postural and gait instability, and behavioral and cognitive deficits including a frontal syndrome and psychic retardation. However, in the recent years, at least four other clinical forms of PSP have been recognized: PSP-Parkinsonism, "pure akinesia with gait freezing", PSP with cortico-basal syndrome, and PSP with speech apraxia. PSP-Parkinsonism mimics the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, including a significant reactivity to levodopa...
June 2011: Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19938677/-the-symptomatology-of-frontal-and-temporal-lobe-damages
#29
REVIEW
Tomoyuki Mizuno, Katsuhiko Takeda
In this paper, we review the symptoms associated with damages to the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Similarities and differences between the symptoms observed after a stroke and in frontotemporal lobar degeneration are also discussed. Frontal lobe damages may lead to various apraxic disorders, including limb-kinetic, ideomotor, gait, buccofacial, and ocular motor apraxia. Language dysfunction can arise from perisylvian lesions as well as from extra-perisylvian regions. Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, pure word deafness, and aphemia are typical examples of disorders caused by damages to the perisylvian region...
November 2009: Brain and Nerve, Shinkei Kenkyū No Shinpo
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19297373/higher-level-gait-disorders-in-subcortical-chronic-vascular-encephalopathy-a-single-photon-emission-computed-tomography-study
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Chiara Carboncini, Duccio Volterrani, Luca Bonfiglio, Gabriele Barsotti, Mauro Della Porta, Giuliano Mariani, Bruno Rossi
BACKGROUND: the so-called higher level gait disorders include several types of gait disorders in which there are no major modifications in strength, tone, sensitivity, coordination and balance. Brain activation sites related to walking have been investigated using SPECT in humans. The aim of the study was to investigate brain activation during walking in subjects with high-level gait disorders due to chronic subcortical vascular encephalopathy. SUBJECTS: twelve patients with a chronic vascular encephalopathy were enrolled in the study...
May 2009: Age and Ageing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18703290/paleoneurology-neurodegenerative-diseases-are-age-related-diseases-of-specific-brain-regions-recently-developed-by-homo-sapiens
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Ghika
Bipedal locomotion and fine motility of hand and larynx of humans introduced musculoskeletal adaptations, new pyramidal, corticostriatal, corticobulbar, nigrostriatal, and cerebellar pathways and expansions of prefrontal, cingular, parieto-temporal and occipital cortices with derived new brain capabilities. All selectively degenerate in aged homo sapiens following 16 syndromic presentations: (1) Parkinsonism: nigrostriatal control for fast automatic movements of hand, larynx, bipedal posture and gait ("simian gait and hand")...
November 2008: Medical Hypotheses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18402068/-gait-disturbance-in-idiopathic-normal-pressure-hydrocephalus
#32
REVIEW
Etsuro Mori
The triad symptoms of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), i.e., dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence may appear commonly in the elderly suffering from various brain diseases as well as in those with musculoskeletal disorders. It would not be easy to differentiate iNPH from other neurological diseases with musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly. Gait disturbance is an early and central clinical symptom, and its improvement after temporary removal of CSF and shunt surgery is the most notable...
March 2008: Brain and Nerve, Shinkei Kenkyū No Shinpo
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17622760/the-role-of-higher-level-cognitive-function-in-gait-executive-dysfunction-contributes-to-fall-risk-in-alzheimer-s-disease
#33
REVIEW
Pamela L Sheridan, Jeffrey M Hausdorff
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is generally understood as primarily affecting cognition while sparing motor function, at least until the later stages of the disease. Studies reported over the past 10 years, however, have documented a prevalence of falls in AD patients significantly higher than in age-matched normal elders; also persons with AD have been observed to have different walking patterns with characteristics that increase gait instability. Recent work in cognitive neuroscience has begun to demonstrate the necessity of intact cognition, particularly executive function, for competent motor control...
2007: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17622719/gait-apraxia-further-clues-to-localization
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen E Nadeau
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gait apraxia characterized primarily by gait ignition failure has been linked to lesions involving the dorsomedial frontal lobes, but the precise locus within this general region has not been determined. It has previously been hypothesized by Thompson and Marsden that disease, disconnection, or dysfunction of supplementary motor area (SMA) may account for the similarities in the gait disorders observed in Binswanger's disease, hydrocephalus, frontal lobe lesions, and Parkinson's disease...
2007: European Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17277257/evaluation-of-the-elderly-patient-with-an-abnormal-gait
#35
REVIEW
Moe R Lim, Russel C Huang, Anita Wu, Federico P Girardi, Frank P Cammisa
Distinguishing between the normal gait of the elderly and pathologic gaits is often difficult. Pathologic gaits with neurologic causes include frontal gait, spastic hemiparetic gait, parkinsonian gait, cerebellar ataxic gait, and sensory ataxic gait. Pathologic gaits with combined neurologic and musculoskeletal causes include myelopathic gait, stooped gait of lumbar spinal stenosis, and steppage gait. Pathologic gaits with musculoskeletal causes include antalgic gait, coxalgic gait, Trendelenburg gait, knee hyperextension gait, and other gaits caused by inadequate joint mobility...
February 2007: Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17266086/isolated-frontal-disequilibrium-as-presenting-form-of-anti-hu-paraneoplastic-encephalomyelitis
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yaroslau Compta, Francesc Valldeoriola, Xabier Urra, Beatriz Gómez-Ansón, Lorena Rami, Eduardo Tolosa, Francesc Graus
Anti-Hu encephalomyelitis is one of the most frequent paraneoplastic syndromes, classically presenting with diffuse neurological involvement. We report a 69-year-old man presenting with a three-month isolated, progressive gait disorder with normal neurological examination, except for loss of balance and gait failure reminding frontal disequilibrium, only accompanied by a very mild rigidity of his right foot. MRI of the brain showed hyperintensities in both amygdale and left putamen. EMG study showed no abnormal continuous spontaneous fiber activity...
April 15, 2007: Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17100182/-apraxia-disorders-in-elderly-patients-with-non-stroke-chronic-brain-ischemia
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
O A Levada
The study aimed at providing qualitative and quantitative evaluation of apractic disorders in 60 elderly patients (mean age of 75.0 +/- 0.78 years) with non-stroke chronic vascular brain disease (NS CVBD). Apractic disorders were obligatory syndromes in patients with stage 2-3 NS CVBD. Kinetic and regulator apraxia were most prominent forms according to Luria's neuropsychological analyze. Apraxia is associated with the severity of the disease. Kinetic and regulator apraxia were components of frontal lobe syndrome presented by specific mental and speech disturbances and frontal lobe gait disorders...
April 2006: Likars'ka Sprava
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15782604/-a-65-year-old-man-with-rigid-bradykinetic-parkinsonism-vertical-gaze-palsy-difficulty-of-eye-lid-opening-and-marked-pseudo-bulbar-palsy
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuyuki Noda, Tomonori Kobayashi, Shuji Matsuoka, Masashi Takanashi, Akira Kanazawa, Yoshikuni Mizuno
We report a 65-year-old man with rigid-bradykinetic parkinsonism, vertical gaze palsy, difficulty in eye-lid opening, and marked pseudo-bulbar palsy. He felt difficulty of it, hand movement at 59 years old. When he was 60 years old, monotonous speech and slowness of movement appeared. He visited a neurologist who noted vertical gaze palsy, neck rigidity, and bradykinesia. He was diagnosed as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and given 300 mg L-Dopa/Benserazide by the neurologist. This medication improved his rigidity and bradykinesia...
January 2005: Nō to Shinkei, Brain and Nerve
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15760639/neuropsychological-evaluation-of-late-onset-post-radiotherapy-encephalopathy-a-comparison-with-vascular-dementia
#39
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Rita Moretti, Paola Torre, Rodolfo M Antonello, Tatiana Cattaruzza, Giuseppe Cazzato, Antonio Bava, Maja Ukmar, Amos D Korczyn
It is known that radiotherapy (RT) may cause cerebral injury. The most frequent neurotoxic effect of RT at any age is diffuse cerebral injury. Brain injury by therapeutic irradiation has traditionally been classified according to its time of onset into acute, early delayed, and late forms. The latter is not reversible. The neurocognitive sequelae of cranial irradiation can be mediated through vascular injury. Because the pathologic changes are most profound in the white matter, we compared a group of patients treated by RT (n=34) with a group of patients affected by subcortical vascular dementia (sVaD, n=34)...
March 15, 2005: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15627946/frontal-ataxia-in-childhood
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C E Erasmus, T Beems, J J Rotteveel
Frontal ataxia may be the result of a unilateral frontal lesion. In this report three cases are presented with ataxia due to right frontal lesions. One case concerns a boy presenting with an unsteady gait and titubation of the trunk, mimicking developmental disequilibrium and with complex partial seizures. It proved to be caused by a small right-sided cavernoma in the middle frontal gyrus. After surgical intervention the symptoms and the seizures disappeared. Two subsequent cases concern teenage patients presenting with headache after an ENT infection and on physical examination mild dysmetric function of the upper limbs and slight disequilibrium, due to right-sided frontal lobe abscesses...
December 2004: Neuropediatrics
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