keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37384845/principal-neurons-in-the-olfactory-cortex-mediate-bidirectional-modulation-of-seizures
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Wu, Penglai Liu, Chi Geng, Changyu Liu, Jiaxin Li, Qiuju Zhu, Anan Li
Although the piriform cortex (PC) has been previously implicated as a critical node for seizure generation and propagation, the underlying neural mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we found increased excitability in PC neurons during amygdala kindling acquisition. Optogenetic or chemogenetic activation of PC pyramidal neurons promoted kindling progression, whereas inhibition of these neurons retarded seizure activities induced by electrical kindling in the amygdala. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of PC pyramidal neurons alleviated the severity of kainic acid-induced acute seizures...
June 29, 2023: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37334415/an-electric-light-orchestra-in-the-brain-optogenetics-for-controlling-seizures-via-modulation-of-astrocyte-activity
#22
COMMENT
Sara Eyal
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2023: Epilepsy Currents
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37310860/vip-interneuron-impairment-promotes-in%C3%A2-vivo-circuit-dysfunction-and-autism-related-behaviors-in-dravet-syndrome
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin M Goff, Sophie R Liebergall, Evan Jiang, Ala Somarowthu, Ethan M Goldberg
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in SCN1A, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel subunit Nav1.1. We recently showed that neocortical vasoactive intestinal peptide interneurons (VIP-INs) express Nav1.1 and are hypoexcitable in DS (Scn1a+/- ) mice. Here, we investigate VIP-IN function at the circuit and behavioral level by performing in vivo 2-photon calcium imaging in awake wild-type (WT) and Scn1a+/- mice. VIP-IN and pyramidal neuron activation during behavioral transition from quiet wakefulness to active running is diminished in Scn1a+/- mice, and optogenetic activation of VIP-INs restores pyramidal neuron activity to WT levels during locomotion...
June 12, 2023: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37309602/lactate-as-a-supplemental-fuel-for-synaptic-transmission-and-neuronal-network-oscillations-potentials-and-limitations
#24
REVIEW
Oliver Kann
Lactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major source of pyruvate compared to what is normally produced endogenously by neuronal glucose metabolism. However, the role of lactate oxidation in fueling neuronal signaling associated with complex cortex function, such as perception, motor activity, and memory formation, is widely unclear. This issue has been experimentally addressed using electrophysiology in hippocampal slice preparations (ex vivo) that permit the induction of different neural network activation states by electrical stimulation, optogenetic tools or receptor ligand application...
June 13, 2023: Journal of Neurochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37282477/activation-of-medial-septum-cholinergic-neurons-restores-cognitive-function-in-temporal-lobe-epilepsy
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junzi Chen, Yu Wang, Cong Chen, Qingyang Zhang, Shuang Wang, Yi Wang, Jiajia Fang, Ying Wang
Cognitive impairment is the most common complication in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. There is no effective treatment for cognitive impairment. Medial septum cholinergic neurons have been reported to be a potential target for controlling epileptic seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, their role in the cognitive impairment of temporal lobe epilepsy remains unclear. In this study, we found that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis had a low memory quotient and severe impairment in verbal memory, but had no impairment in nonverbal memory...
November 2023: Neural Regeneration Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37280192/adult-born-neurons-in-critical-period-maintain-hippocampal-seizures-via-local-aberrant-excitatory-circuits
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liying Chen, Yingwei Xu, Heming Cheng, Zhongxia Li, Nanxi Lai, Menghan Li, Yeping Ruan, Yang Zheng, Fan Fei, Cenglin Xu, Jiao Ma, Shuang Wang, Yan Gu, Feng Han, Zhong Chen, Yi Wang
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), one common type of medically refractory epilepsy, is accompanied with altered adult-born dentate granule cells (abDGCs). However, the causal role of abDGCs in recurrent seizures of TLE is not fully understood. Here, taking advantage of optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to selectively manipulate abDGCs in a reversible manner, combined with Ca2+ fiber photometry, trans-synaptic viral tracing, in vivo/vitro electrophysiology approaches, we aimed to test the role of abDGCs born at different period of epileptogenic insult in later recurrent seizures in mouse TLE models...
June 7, 2023: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37214393/subthalamic-nucleus-stimulation-attenuates-motor-seizures-via-modulating-the-nigral-orexin-pathway
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tao Xue, Shu Wang, Shujun Chen, Huizhi Wang, Chong Liu, Lin Shi, Yutong Bai, Chunkui Zhang, Chunlei Han, Jianguo Zhang
BACKGROUND: Focal motor seizures that originate in the motor region are a considerable challenge because of the high risk of permanent motor deficits after resection. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is a potential treatment for motor epilepsy that may enhance the antiepileptic actions of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Orexin and its receptors have a relationship with both STN-DBS and epilepsy. We aimed to investigate whether and how STN inputs to the SNr regulate seizures and the role of the orexin pathway in this process...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37209926/the-cerebellum-s-understated-role-and-influences-in-the-epilepsies
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martha L Streng, Jessica M Froula, Esther Krook-Magnuson
Approximately 1 in 26 people will develop epilepsy in their lifetime, but current treatment options leave as many as half of all epilepsy patients with uncontrolled seizures. In addition to the burden of the seizures themselves, chronic epilepsy can be associated with cognitive deficits, structural changes, and devastating negative outcomes such as sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Thus, major challenges in epilepsy research surround the need to both develop new therapeutic targets for intervention as well as shed light on the mechanisms by which chronic epilepsy can lead to comorbidities and negative outcomes...
May 18, 2023: Neurobiology of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37193687/excitatory-somatostatin-interneurons-in-the-dentate-gyrus-drive-a-widespread-seizure-network-in-cortical-dysplasia
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yang Zheng, Cenglin Xu, Jinyi Sun, Wenjie Ming, Sijie Dai, Yuying Shao, Xiaoyun Qiu, Menghan Li, Chunhong Shen, Jinghong Xu, Fan Fei, Jiajia Fang, Xuhong Jiang, Guoqing Zheng, Weiwei Hu, Yi Wang, Shuang Wang, Meiping Ding, Zhong Chen
Seizures due to cortical dysplasia are notorious for their poor prognosis even with medications and surgery, likely due to the widespread seizure network. Previous studies have primarily focused on the disruption of dysplastic lesions, rather than remote regions such as the hippocampus. Here, we first quantified the epileptogenicity of the hippocampus in patients with late-stage cortical dysplasia. We further investigated the cellular substrates leading to the epileptic hippocampus, using multiscale tools including calcium imaging, optogenetics, immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology...
May 17, 2023: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37192344/optogenetic-stimulation-of-the-superior-colliculus-suppresses-genetic-absence-seizures
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carolina Campos-Rodriguez, Devin Palmer, Patrick A Forcelli
While anti-seizure medications are effective for many patients, nearly one-third of individuals have seizures that are refractory to pharmacotherapy. Prior studies using evoked preclinical seizure models have shown that pharmacological activation or excitatory optogenetic stimulation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC) display multi-potent anti-seizure effects. Here we monitored and modulated DLSC activity to suppress spontaneous seizures in the WAG/Rij genetic model of absence epilepsy...
October 3, 2023: Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37183507/a-debate-on-the-neuronal-origin-of-focal-seizures
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Wenzel, Gilles Huberfeld, David B Grayden, Marco de Curtis, Andrew J Trevelyan
A critical question regarding how focal seizures start is whether we can identify particular cell classes that drive the pathological process. This was the topic for debate at the recent International Conference for Technology and Analysis of Seizures (ICTALS) meeting (July 2022, Bern, CH) that we summarize here. The debate has been fueled in recent times by the introduction of powerful new ways to manipulate subpopulations of cells in relative isolation, mostly using optogenetics. The motivation for resolving the debate is to identify novel targets for therapeutic interventions through a deeper understanding of the aetiology of seizures...
May 15, 2023: Epilepsia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37106153/a-wireless-and-battery-less-implant-for-multimodal-closed-loop-neuromodulation-in-small-animals
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Ouyang, Wei Lu, Yamin Zhang, Yiming Liu, Jong Uk Kim, Haixu Shen, Yunyun Wu, Haiwen Luan, Keith Kilner, Stephen P Lee, Yinsheng Lu, Yiyuan Yang, Jin Wang, Yongjoon Yu, Amy J Wegener, Justin A Moreno, Zhaoqian Xie, Yixin Wu, Sang Min Won, Kyeongha Kwon, Changsheng Wu, Wubin Bai, Hexia Guo, Tzu-Li Liu, Hedan Bai, Giuditta Monti, Jason Zhu, Surabhi R Madhvapathy, Jacob Trueb, Maria Stanslaski, Elizabeth M Higbee-Dempsey, Iwona Stepien, Nayereh Ghoreishi-Haack, Chad R Haney, Tae-Il Kim, Yonggang Huang, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Anthony R Banks, Thomas C Jhou, Cameron H Good, John A Rogers
Fully implantable wireless systems for the recording and modulation of neural circuits that do not require physical tethers or batteries allow for studies that demand the use of unconstrained and freely behaving animals in isolation or in social groups. Moreover, feedback-control algorithms that can be executed within such devices without the need for remote computing eliminate virtual tethers and any associated latencies. Here we report a wireless and battery-less technology of this type, implanted subdermally along the back of freely moving small animals, for the autonomous recording of electroencephalograms, electromyograms and body temperature, and for closed-loop neuromodulation via optogenetics and pharmacology...
April 27, 2023: Nature Biomedical Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37073973/optogenetic-activation-of-septal-inhibitory-cells-abates-focal-seizures
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maxime Lévesque, Siyan Wang, Guillaume Etter, Sylvain Williams, Massimo Avoli
Emerging evidence suggest that the medial septum can control seizures occurring in focal epileptic disorders, thus representing a therapeutic target. Therefore, we investigated whether continuous optogenetic activation of inhibitory parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons in the medial septum can reduce the occurrence of spontaneous seizures in the pilocarpine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Light pulses (450 nm, 25 mW, 20 ms pulse duration) were delivered at 0.5 Hz (5 min ON, 10 min OFF), with a laser diode fiber light source between day 8 and 12 after status epilepticus (SE) in PV-ChR2 mice (n = 8)...
April 19, 2023: Journal of Neurophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37026496/evaluating-the-potential-of-light-exposure-on-reducing-the-frequency-of-epileptic-seizures
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Basheer Abdulfattah AlDajani, Mohammad Uzair, Hammad Qaiser, Ali Mir, Nojoud Mohammad Saleh, Raidah Al Baradie, Saneela Tahseen, Shahid Bashir
Epilepsy is one of the most common and devastating neurological disorders that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures arising from excessive synchronized neuronal discharging. Although antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) reduce the frequency of epilepsy seizures, drug-refractory epileptic patients exert resistance to AEDs, resulting in treatment difficulty. Moreover, pharmacological treatments do not show satisfactory results in response to photosensitive epilepsy. In the recent era, light therapy emerged as a potential non-pharmacological approach for treating various diseases, including depression, seasonal affective disorders, migraine, pain, and others...
April 7, 2023: CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37014118/prefrontal-pv-interneurons-facilitate-attention-and-are-linked-to-attentional-dysfunction-in-a-mouse-model-of-absence-epilepsy
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brielle Ferguson, Cameron Glick, John R Huguenard
Absence seizures are characterized by brief periods of unconsciousness accompanied by lapses in motor function that can occur hundreds of times throughout the day. Outside of these frequent moments of unconsciousness, approximately a third of people living with the disorder experience treatment-resistant attention impairments. Convergent evidence suggests prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction may underlie attention impairments in affected patients. To examine this, we use a combination of slice physiology, fiber photometry, electrocorticography (ECoG), optogenetics, and behavior in the Scn8a+/- mouse model of absence epilepsy...
April 4, 2023: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36977455/gabaergic-circuits-drive-focal-seizures
#36
REVIEW
Elena Dossi, Gilles Huberfeld
Epilepsy is based on abnormal neuronal activities that have historically been suggested to arise from an excess of excitation and a defect of inhibition, or in other words from an excessive glutamatergic drive not balanced by GABAergic activity. More recent data however indicate that GABAergic signaling is not defective at focal seizure onset and may even be actively involved in seizure generation by providing excitatory inputs. Recordings of interneurons revealed that they are active at seizure initiation and that their selective and time-controlled activation using optogenetics triggers seizures in a more general context of increased excitability...
May 2023: Neurobiology of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36967064/ligand-gated-mechanisms-leading-to-ictogenesis-in-focal-epileptic-disorders
#37
REVIEW
Massimo Avoli, Li-Yuan Chen, Graziella Di Cristo, Laura Librizzi, Paolo Scalmani, Zahra Shiri, Laura Uva, Marco de Curtis, Maxime Lévesque
We review here the neuronal mechanisms that cause seizures in focal epileptic disorders and, specifically, those involving limbic structures that are known to be implicated in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. In both epileptic patients and animal models, the initiation of focal seizures - which are most often characterized by a low-voltage fast onset EEG pattern - is presumably dependent on the synchronous firing of GABA-releasing interneurons that, by activating post-synaptic GABAA receptors, cause large increases in extracellular [K+ ] through the activation of the co-transporter KCC2...
May 2023: Neurobiology of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36907521/evolution-of-interictal-activity-in-models-of-mesial-temporal-lobe-epilepsy
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maxime Lévesque, Siyan Wang, Anežka D B Macey-Dare, Pariya Salami, Massimo Avoli
Interictal activity and seizures are the hallmarks of focal epileptic disorders (which include mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, MTLE) in humans and in animal models. Interictal activity, which is recorded with cortical and intracerebral EEG recordings, comprises spikes, sharp waves and high-frequency oscillations, and has been used in clinical practice to identify the epileptic zone. However, its relation with seizures remains debated. Moreover, it is unclear whether specific EEG changes in interictal activity occur during the time preceding the appearance of spontaneous seizures...
March 11, 2023: Neurobiology of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36873106/-drosophila-melanogaster-as-a-versatile-model-organism-to-study-genetic-epilepsies-an-overview
#39
REVIEW
Florian P Fischer, Robin A Karge, Yvonne G Weber, Henner Koch, Stefan Wolking, Aaron Voigt
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting more than 45 million people worldwide. Recent advances in genetic techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, have driven genetic discovery and increased our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind many epilepsy syndromes. These insights prompt the development of personalized therapies tailored to the genetic characteristics of an individual patient. However, the surging number of novel genetic variants renders the interpretation of pathogenetic consequences and of potential therapeutic implications ever more challenging...
2023: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36865324/manipulating-single-unit-theta-phase-locking-with-phaser-an-open-source-tool-for-real-time-phase-estimation-and-manipulation
#40
Zoé Christenson Wick, Paul A Philipsberg, Sophia I Lamsifer, Cassidy Kohler, Elizabeth Katanov, Yu Feng, Corin Humphrey, Tristan Shuman
The precise timing of neuronal spiking relative to the brain's endogenous oscillations (i.e., phase-locking or spike-phase coupling) has long been hypothesized to coordinate cognitive processes and maintain excitatory-inhibitory homeostasis. Indeed, disruptions in theta phase-locking have been described in models of neurological diseases with associated cognitive deficits and seizures, such as Alzheimer's disease, temporal lobe epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders. However, due to technical limitations, determining if phase-locking causally contributes to these disease phenotypes has not been possible until recently...
February 22, 2023: bioRxiv
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