Cholesterol treatment

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of single-cell protein (SCP), as a valuable by-product and substitute for soybean meal, and multistrain probiotics on the performance, blood biochemistry, intestinal histomorphology, ileal microbiota, and immune responses in laying hens. Leghorn laying hens were randomly assigned to nine experimental treatments with eight replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of three levels of replacement of soybean meal with SCP (0.0%, 30%, and 60%) and three levels of probiotics (0...

BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of effective treatments to counter retinol-induced skin irritation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three potential mitigants: (i) phytosteryl/octyldodecyl lauroyl glutamate (PLG), (ii) a physiologic lipid mixture (PLM) comprised of ceramide three and cholesterol, and (iii) niacinamide, in ameliorating irritation instigated by retinol. METHODS: An occlusive human patch test, spanning 5 days, was undertaken on 18 Chinese participants aged between 23 and 40...

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable model for biomedical research because of its mammalian genetic similarities, rapid reproduction, and low maintenance costs. However, further investigation is required regarding their nutritional requirements and standardized laboratory diets. This study evaluated the metabolic and growth responses of zebrafish juveniles fed on diets supplemented with spirulina, Arthrospira platensis (SP) at different levels for 77 days. Six diets with SP inclusion levels of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% (SP0-SP10) were formulated...

Trillions of intestinal bacteria in the human body undergo dynamic transformations in response to physiological and pathological changes. Alterations in their composition and metabolites collectively contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is diverse and complex, evidence suggests lipid metabolism may be one of the potential pathways. However, the mechanisms that gut microbiota mediate lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease pathology remain unclear, necessitating further investigation for clarification...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy is primarily hindered by the limited T-cell immune response rate and immune evasion capacity of tumor cells. Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) plays an important role in autophagy and it has been linked to cancer. However, the role of ATG7 in the effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment on high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) CRC is still poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, patients from the cancer genome altas (TCGA) COAD/READ cohorts were used to investigate the biological mechanism driving ATG7 development...

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is important in regulating mRNA stability, splicing, and translation, and it also contributes to tumor development. However, there is still limited understanding of the comprehensive effects of m6A modification patterns on the tumor immune microenvironment, metabolism, and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we utilized unsupervised clustering based on the expression of 23 m6A regulators to identify m6A clusters. We identified differential m6A modification patterns and characterized m6A-gene-cluster A, which exhibited poorer survival rates, a higher abundance of Treg cells, and increased expression of TGFβ in the tumor microenvironment (TME)...

IMPORTANCE: Fibroids are benign neoplasms associated with severe gynecologic morbidity. There are no strategies to prevent fibroid development. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of hypertension, antihypertensive treatment, anthropometry, and blood biomarkers with incidence of reported fibroid diagnosis in midlife. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation is a prospective, multisite cohort study in the US...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to explore the added value of subgroups that categorise individuals with type 2 diabetes by k-means clustering for two primary care registries (the Netherlands and Scotland), inspired by Ahlqvist's novel diabetes subgroups and previously analysed by Slieker et al. METHODS: We used two Dutch and Scottish diabetes cohorts (N=3054 and 6145; median follow-up=11.2 and 12.3 years, respectively) and defined five subgroups by k-means clustering with age at baseline, BMI, HbA1c , HDL-cholesterol and C-peptide...

Vascular risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, pose significant health threats with implications extending to neuropsychiatric disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. The Asian population, in particular, appears to be disproportionately affected due to unique genetic predispositions, as well as epigenetic factors such as dietary patterns and lifestyle habits. Existing management strategies often fall short of addressing these specific needs, leading to greater challenges in prevention and treatment...

Altered cholesterol, oxysterol, sphingolipid, and fatty acid concentrations are reported in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue of people with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and are linked to disease progression and treatment responses. CD4+ T cells are pathogenic in RRMS, and defective T cell function could be mediated in part by liver X receptors (LXRs) - nuclear receptors that regulate lipid homeostasis and immunity. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis identified that genes within the 'lipid metabolism' and 'signalling of nuclear receptors' pathways were dysregulated in CD4+ T cells isolated from RRMS patients compared with healthy donors...

Dietary interventions are receiving increasing attention for maintaining host health and diminishing disease risk. This study endeavored to elucidate the intervention effect of chlorogenic acid coupled with extruded rice starch (CGA-ES) in mitigating lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. First, a significant increase in resistant starch (RS) and a decrease in the predicted glycemic index (pGI) were observed in CGA-ES owing to the formation of an ordered structure (Dm, single helix, and V-type crystalline structure) and partly released CGA...

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) radiomics combined with deep transfer learning was used to identify cholesterol and adenomatous gallbladder polyps that have not been well evaluated before surgery. PURPOSE: To investigate the potential of various machine learning models, incorporating radiomics and deep transfer learning, in predicting the nature of cholesterol and adenomatous gallbladder polyps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and imaging data from 100 patients with cholesterol or adenomatous polyps confirmed by surgery and pathology at our hospital between September 2015 and February 2023...

BACKGROUND: Several observational studies suggest a possible link between lipid-lowering drugs and allergic diseases. However, inferring causality from these studies can be challenging due to issues such as bias, reverse causation, and residual confounding. To investigate the potential causal effect of lipid-lowering drugs, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, on allergic diseases (allergic asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic urticaria), we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR)-based study...

BACKGROUND: Despite recent guidelines appropriate lipid-lowering treatment (LLT) remains suboptimal in everyday clinical practice. AIMS: We aimed to describe clinical practice of use of LLT for at least high CV risk populations in a Hellenic real-world setting and assess how this relates to the European Society of Cardiology treatment guidelines. METHODS: We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort study of the National Registry of patients with dyslipidemia between 1/7/2017 and 30/6/2019 who were at least of high CV risk and filled a dual or triple lipid-lowering treatment (dLLT, tLLT) prescription...

BACKGROUND: Quinic acid (QA) and its derivatives have good lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective functions, but their role in atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study attempted to investigate the mechanism of QA on atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice induced by HFD. METHODS: HE staining and oil red O staining were used to observe the pathology. The PCSK9, Mac-3 and SM22a expressions were detected by IHC. Cholesterol, HMGB1, TIMP-1 and CXCL13 levels were measured by biochemical and ELISA...

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic vascular diseases are a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia, a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, remains poorly understood among adult cardiac patients in in the study area. This study aims to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and identify associated factors in this population. METHODS: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2021. A total of 319 participants (153 cardiac cases, 166 healthy controls, aged ≥ 18) were included in the study...

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is involved in cellular lipid homeostasis and cholesterol biosynthesis and is highly increased in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the molecular mechanism by which SREBP-1c regulates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation in NASH animal models and patients have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the role of SREBP-1c in NASH and the regulation of LCN2 gene expression. Wild-type and SREBP-1c knockout (1cKO) mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet, treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), and subjected to lipocalin-2 (LCN2) overexpression...

G-protein coupled receptor-120 (GPR120; FFAR4) is a free fatty acid receptor, widely researched for its glucoregulatory and insulin release activities. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic advantage of FFAR4/GPR120activation using combination therapy. C57BL/6 mice, fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) for 120 days to induce obesity-diabetes, were subsequently treated with a single daily oral dose of FFAR4/GPR120 agonist Compound A (CpdA) (0.1μmol/kg) alone or in combination with sitagliptin (50mg/kg) for 21 days...

Obesity is a public health concern resulting in a variety of health complications, including heart disease and insulin resistance. Estrogens have been associated with a reduced risk of obesity, but this relationship remains incompletely understood. We assessed the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in mitigating complications associated with obesity by supplementing E2 in the diets of overfed zebrafish. We report that dietary E2 supplementation protects against weight gain and modulates de novo cholesterol synthesis in a sex-specific manner...

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is among the leading risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with an increasing global burden, especially in developing countries. We investigated the prevalence of dyslipidemia and abnormal lipid profiles in Tehran. METHODS: We used data from 8072 individuals aged≥35 from the Tehran Cohort Study (TeCS) recruitment phase. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride were measured...