keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546294/an-ultracompact-scanning-tunneling-microscope-within-a-%C3%AE-10-piezo-tube-in-a-20%C3%A2-t-superconducting-magnet
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Zhang, Jihao Wang, Wenjie Meng, Jing Zhang, Qiyuan Feng, Ze Wang, Yalin Lu, Yubin Hou, Qingyou Lu
Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) help to better understand the fundamental physics of condensed matter. We present an ultracompact STM within a Φ 10 piezo tube in a 20 T superconducting magnet. The carefully cut piezo tube contains the STM's coarse-positioning assembly. Loading an STM tip-sample mechanical loop into the piezo tube with special cut openings enables an ultracompact pencil-size dimension down to Φ 10 mm, in which fine-machined nonmagnetic parts are assembled to enable slide-stick motion and xyz-scanning procedures...
March 1, 2024: Review of Scientific Instruments
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545288/rational-design-of-conductive-metal-organic-frameworks-and-aligned-carbon-nanofibers-for-enhancing-the-performance-of-flexible-supercapacitors
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dongyeon Kim, Tae Gwang Yun, Ji Hyun Lee, Ki Ro Yoon, Kyunghoon Kim
Carbonaceous materials are attractive active materials for the manufacture of flexible electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) because of their high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and inherent resilience against deformation. However, compared to pseudocapacitors, which store electrochemical energy via faradaic redox reactions, EDLCs generally exhibit inferior energy density. One potential approach to addressing this issue is to incorporate highly porous and electrically conductive materials into carbonaceous material-based EDLCs...
March 26, 2024: Nanoscale advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543469/surface-treatment-effect-on-the-mechanical-and-thermal-behavior-of-the-glass-fabric-reinforced-polysulfone
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Galal Sherif, Dilyus I Chukov, Victor V Tcherdyntsev, Andrey A Stepashkin, Mikhail Y Zadorozhnyy, Yury M Shulga, Eugene N Kabachkov
The chemical structure of the surface of glass fibers, including silanized fibers, was studied. Highly efficient heat-resistant composites were obtained by impregnating silanized glass fiber with a polysulfone solution, and the effect of modification of the surface of glass fibers on the physical, mechanical and thermophysical properties of the composite materials was studied. As a result of the study, it was found that the fiber-to-polymer ratio of 70/30 wt.% showed the best mechanical properties for composites reinforced with pre-heat-treated and silanized glass fibers...
March 21, 2024: Polymers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542926/study-on-the-selectivity-of-molecular-imprinting-materials-determined-through-hydrogen-bonding-on-template-molecular-structures-of-flavonoids
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siyue Guan, Yue Wang, Ting Hu, Lingling Che, Xiaoqiao Wang, Yike Huang, Zhining Xia
Molecular imprinting technology is widely used for the specific identification of compounds, but the selective recognition mechanisms of the same compounds still need to be further studied. Based on differences in hydrogen bond size and orientation, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were designed to adsorb flavonols with the same parent core and different hydroxyl groups. A surface-imprinted material was designed with silicon dioxide as the carrier, myricetin as the template molecule, and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer...
March 14, 2024: Molecules: a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542595/surface-roughness-of-interior-fine-flow-channels-in-selective-laser-melted-ti-6al-4v-alloy-components
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shamoon Al Islam, Liang Hao, Zunaira Javaid, Wei Xiong, Yan Li, Yasir Jamil, Qiaoyu Chen, Guangchao Han
A challenge remains in achieving adequate surface roughness of SLM fabricated interior channels, which is crucial for fuel delivery in the space industry. This study investigated the surface roughness of interior fine flow channels (1 mm diameter) embedded in SLM fabricated TC4 alloy space components. A machine learning approach identified layer thickness as a significant factor affecting interior channel surface roughness, with an importance score of 1.184, followed by scan speed and laser power with scores of 0...
February 29, 2024: Micromachines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542427/deciphering-the-mechanism-of-action-of-the-antimicrobial-peptide-bp100
#6
REVIEW
Gerard Riesco-Llach, Sergi Llanet-Ferrer, Marta Planas, Lidia Feliu
The linear undecapeptide KKLFKKILKYL-NH2 (BP100) highlights for its antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and its low toxicity. These excellent biological properties prompted the investigation of its mechanism of action, which were undertaken using spectroscopic techniques, biophysical analysis, microscopy, and molecular dynamic simulations. Studies were conducted in different membrane environments, such as anionic, zwitterionic, and mixed membranes, as well as in vesicles (LUVs and GUVs) and bacteria...
March 19, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541510/study-of-fatigue-crack-initiation-and-the-propagation-mechanism-induced-by-pores-in-a-powder-metallurgy-nickel-based-fgh96-superalloy
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuang Yi, Shichao Zhang, Denghui Wang, Jianxing Mao, Zheng Zhang, Dianyin Hu
Thermally induced pores (TIPs) are generally the source of fatigue crack initiation in the powder metallurgy (PM) Ni-based FGH96 superalloy. The effect of TIPs on fatigue crack initiation on the surface of the FGH96 superalloy was detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cause of fatigue crack deflection was studied using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The results indicated that there are two states of TIPs including isolated TIPs and clustered TIPs located at the grain boundary...
March 15, 2024: Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541450/micro-meso-structure-control-of-multi-hostmetal-alloys-by-massive-nitrogen-supersaturation
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tatsuhiko Aizawa
The low-temperature plasma nitriding was utilized to describe the microscopic solid-phase separation in the austenitic stainless-steel type AISI316, induced by the nitrogen supersaturation. This nitrogen supersaturated layer with the thickness of 60 μm had a two-phase nanostructure where the nitrogen-poor and nitrogen-rich clusters separated from each other. Due to this microscopic solid-phase separation, iron and nickel atoms decomposed themselves from chromium atoms and nitrogen solutes in this nitrogen supersaturated AISI316 layer...
March 11, 2024: Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539868/comparison-of-milk-kefirs-obtained-from-cow-s-ewe-s-and-goat-s-milk-antioxidant-role-of-microbial-derived-exopolysaccharides
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sana M'hir, Lamia Ayed, Ilaria De Pasquale, Elisabetta Fanizza, Ali Zein Alabiden Tlais, Roberto Comparelli, Michela Verni, Rosanna Latronico, Marco Gobbetti, Raffaella Di Cagno, Pasquale Filannino
Different types of milk are used in the production of milk kefir, but little information is available on the release of potentially antioxidant exopolysaccharides (EPS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the microbial dynamics and EPS release are dependent on the milk substrate. In our study, the inoculated microbial consortium was driven differently by each type of milk (cow, ewe, and goat). This was evident in the sugar consumption, organic acid production, free amino release, and EPS production...
March 11, 2024: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537135/first-report-of-white-mucus-disease-caused-by-fuligo-gyrosa-on-agrocybe-chaxingu-in-china
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xutao Chen, Qing Liu, Guoliang Meng, Xinhong Peng, Caihong Dong, Yunhui Wei, Guanghua Huo
Agrocybe chaxingu is an edible and medicinal mushroom widely cultivated in China (Liu et al. 2021). Agrocybe chaxingu is extremely well-liked for the unique flavor and nutritional value. In May 2021, a serious white mucus disease was observed in the farms of A. chaxingu in the Ganxian district of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China, with an approximate disease incidence of 20%. In the years of 2022 and 2023, the same white mucus disease on A. chaxingu was observed in the farms in Nanchang City, Jiujiang City and Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province, China...
March 27, 2024: Plant Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536957/bismuth-doping-boosting-na-diffusion-kinetics-of-layered-oxide-cathode-with-radially-oriented-010-active-lattice-facet-for-sodium-ion-batteries
#11
REVIEW
Yu-Xin Chang, Yu-Jie Guo, Ya-Xia Yin, Wei-Huan He, Mengmeng Yan, Li-Rong Zheng, Jing Zhang, Qinghua Zhang, Dong Su, Xing Zhang, Jianfeng Mao, Guanjie Li, Shilin Zhang, Sailong Xu
O3-type layered oxide cathodes (Na x TMO2 ) for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant attention as one of the most promising potential candidates for practical energy storage applications. The poor Na+ diffusion kinetics is, however, one of the major obstacles to advancing large-scale practical application. Herein, we report bismuth-doped O3-NaNi0.5 Mn0.5 O2 (NMB) microspheres consisting of unique primary nanoplatelets with the radially oriented {010} active lattice facets. The NMB combines the advantages of the oriented and exposed electrochemical active planes for direct paths of Na+ diffusion, and the thick primary nanoplatelets for less surface parasitic reactions with the electrolyte...
March 27, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536956/integrated-in-situ-fabrication-of-cuo-nanorod-decorated-polymer-membranes-for-the-catalytic-flow-through-reduction-of-p-nitrophenol
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Amir H Hesaraki, Oleg Prymak, Markus Heidelmann, Mathias Ulbricht, Lukas Fischer
We developed a novel method to fabricate copper nanorods in situ in a poly(ether sulfone) (15 wt %) casting solution by a sonochemical reduction of Cu2+ ions with NaBH4 . The main twist is the addition of ethanol to remove excess NaBH4 through Cu(0) catalyzed ethanolysis. This enabled the direct use of the resulting copper-containing casting dispersions for membrane preparation by liquid nonsolvent-induced phase separation and led to full utilization of the copper source, generating zero metal waste. We characterized the copper nanorods as presented in the membranes via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV/vis spectroscopy...
March 27, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536022/microstructures-of-layered-ni-rich-cathodes-for-lithium-ion-batteries
#13
REVIEW
Jingyu Lu, Chao Xu, Wesley Dose, Sunita Dey, Xihao Wang, Yehui Wu, Deping Li, Lijie Ci
Millions of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road are powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on nickel-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes, and they suffer from a limited driving range and safety concerns. Increasing the Ni content is a key way to boost the energy densities of LIBs and alleviate the EV range anxiety, which are, however, compromised by the rapid performance fading. One unique challenge lies in the worsening of the microstructural stability with a rising Ni-content in the cathode. In this review, we focus on the latest advances in the understanding of NLRO microstructures, particularly the microstructural degradation mechanisms, state-of-the-art stabilization strategies, and advanced characterization methods...
March 27, 2024: Chemical Society Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535688/the-influence-of-machining-conditions-on-the-orientation-of-nanocrystallites-and-anisotropy-of-physical-and-mechanical-properties-of-flexible-graphite-foils
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vladimir A Shulyak, Nikolai S Morozov, Andrei V Ivanov, Alexandra V Gracheva, Sergei N Chebotarev, Viktor V Avdeev
The physical and mechanical properties and structural condition of flexible graphite foils produced by processing natural graphite with nitric acid, hydrolysis, thermal expansion of graphite and subsequent rolling were studied. The processes of obtaining materials and changing their characteristics has been thoroughly described and demonstrated. The structural transformations of graphite in the manufacture of foils were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A decrease in the average size of the coherent scattering regions (CSR) of nanocrystallites was revealed during the transition from natural graphite to thermally expanded graphite from 57...
March 19, 2024: Nanomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535636/a-study-of-electroplated-nanoporous-copper-using-aberration-corrected-transmission-electron-microscopy
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianqiang Wang, Jintao Wang, Ziwen Lv, Luobin Zhang, Fengyi Wang, Hongtao Chen, Mingyu Li
Nanoporous Cu foam is widely applied in many fields such as the packaging of electronic power devices. In this study, a sandwich-structured Cu-Zn eutectic alloy precursor composed of Cu0.53 Zn0.47 /Cu5 Zn8 /Cu0.53 Zn0.47 is prepared through electroplating. The surface layer of the precursor, Cu0.53 Zn0.47 , has a flat surface with numerous grain boundaries, which effectively promotes its dealloying behavior. By contrast, Cu5 Zn8 has a porous structure, which promotes the dealloying behavior at the center of the precursor...
March 8, 2024: Nanomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534260/sensitivity-of-electrocardiogram-on-electrode-pair-locations-for-wearable-devices-computational-analysis-of-amplitude-and-waveform-distortion
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kiyoto Sanjo, Kazuki Hebiguchi, Cheng Tang, Essam A Rashed, Sachiko Kodera, Hiroyoshi Togo, Akimasa Hirata
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to observe the electrical activity of the heart via electrodes on the body surface. Recently, an ECG with fewer electrodes, such as a bipolar ECG in which two electrodes are attached to the chest, has been employed as wearable devices. However, the effect of different geometrical factors and electrode-pair locations on the amplitude and waveform of ECG signals remains unclear. In this study, we computationally evaluated the effects of body morphology, heart size and orientation, and electrode misalignment on ECG signals for 48 scenarios using 35 bipolar electrode pairs (1680 waveforms) with a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm...
March 21, 2024: Biosensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533830/platinum-surface-water-orientation-dictates-hydrogen-evolution-reaction-kinetics-in-alkaline-media
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aamir Hassan Shah, Zisheng Zhang, Chengzhang Wan, Sibo Wang, Ao Zhang, Laiyuan Wang, Anastassia N Alexandrova, Yu Huang, Xiangfeng Duan
The fundamental understanding of sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics on a platinum (Pt) surface in alkaline media is a topic of considerable debate. Herein, we combine cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrical transport spectroscopy (ETS) approaches to probe the Pt surface at different pH values and develop molecular-level insights into the pH-dependent HER kinetics in alkaline media. The change in HER Tafel slope from ∼110 mV/decade in pH 7-10 to ∼53 mV/decade in pH 11-13 suggests considerably enhanced kinetics at higher pH...
March 27, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532983/micropatterning-of-biologically-derived-surfaces-with-functional-clay-nanotubes
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingxian Liu, Rawil Fakhrullin, Anna Stavitskaya, Vladimir Vinokurov, Nisha Lama, Yuri Lvov
Micropatterning of biological surfaces performed via assembly of nano-blocks is an efficient design method for functional materials with complex organic-inorganic architecture. Halloysite clay nanotubes with high aspect ratios and empty lumens have attracted widespread interest for aligned biocompatible composite production. Here, we give our vision of advances in interfacial self-assembly techniques for these natural nanotubes. Highly ordered micropatterns of halloysite, such as coffee rings, regular strips, and concentric circles, can be obtained through high-temperature evaporation-induced self-assembly in a confined space and shear-force brush-induced orientation...
2024: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532553/electrified-interactions-of-polyzwitterions-with-charged-surfaces-role-of-dipole-orientation-and-surface-potentials
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chia-Hsuan Lin, Jhih-Guang Wu, Hsun-Hao Lin, Shyh-Chyang Luo
The zwitterionic groups possess strong dipole moments, leading to inter- or intrachain interactions among zwitterionic polymers. This study aims to demonstrate the interaction of polyzwitterions poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA) with electrified surfaces, despite their electrically neutral nature. We studied the adsorption of polyzwitterions and their monomers on electrified surfaces by using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (EQCM-D)...
March 26, 2024: Langmuir: the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531857/synergistic-morphology-and-feedback-control-for-traversal-of-unknown-compliant-obstacles-with-aerial-robots
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emanuele Aucone, Christian Geckeler, Daniele Morra, Lucia Pallottino, Stefano Mintchev
Animals traverse vegetation by direct physical interaction using their entire body to push aside and slide along compliant obstacles. Current drones lack this interaction versatility that stems from synergies between body morphology and feedback control modulated by sensing. Taking inspiration from nature, we show that a task-oriented design allows a drone with a minimalistic controller to traverse obstacles with unknown elastic responses. A discoid sensorized shell allows to establish and sense contacts anywhere along the shell and facilitates sliding along obstacles...
March 26, 2024: Nature Communications
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