PDOX

BACKGROUND: Given the intricate molecular complexities and heterogeneity inherent in T-cell immunotherapy of gastric cancer (GC), elucidative T-cell-related biomarkers were imperative needed for facilitating the prediction of GC patient prognosis and identify potential synergistic therapeutic targets. METHODS: We conducted COX regression analysis in TISIDB, TCGA-STAD, and GEO databases to identify 19 GC T-cell-mediated sensitivity tumor killing (TTK) genes (key GCTTKs)...

BACKGROUND: A major contributing factor to glioblastoma (GBM) development and progression is its ability to evade the immune system by creating an immune-suppressive environment, where GBM-associated myeloid cells, including resident microglia and peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages, play critical pro-tumoral roles. However, it is unclear whether recruited myeloid cells are phenotypically and functionally identical in GBM patients and whether this heterogeneity is recapitulated in patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs)...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer with poor survival for children with high-risk disease, and ongoing research to improve outcomes is needed. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) are reliable models for oncologic research; however, they are resource-intensive, expensive, and require significant expertise to develop and maintain. We developed an orthotopic xenograft murine model of neuroblastoma that utilizes cryopreserved banks of human neuroblastoma cell lines, requires minimal equipment, and is easily reproducible...

Patient-Derived Organoids (PDO) and Xenografts (PDX) are the current gold standards for patient-derived models of cancer (PDMC). Nevertheless, how patient tumor cells evolve in these models and the impact on drug response remains unclear. Herein, the transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility landscapes of matched colorectal cancer (CRC) PDO, PDX, PDO-derived PDX (PDOX), and original patient tumors (PT) are compared. Two major remodeling axes are discovered. The first axis delineates PDMC from PT, and the second axis distinguishes PDX and PDO...

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) is frequently constrained by inadequate light utilization and the rapid combination rate of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Additionally, conventional PHE processes are often facilitated by the addition of sacrificial reagents to consume photo-induced holes, which makes this approach economically unfavorable. Herein, we designed a spatially separated bifunctional cocatalyst decorated Z-scheme heterojunction of hollow structured CdS (HCdS) @ZnIn2 S4 (ZIS), which was prepared by a sacrificial hard template method followed by photo-deposition...

BACKGROUND: Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely rare and highly invasive tumor. Due to the lack of accurate models that reflect the biological characteristics of primary tumors, studying MPM remains challenging and is associated with an exceedingly unfavorable prognosis. This study was aimed to establish a new potential preclinical model for MPM using patient-derived MPM organoids (MPMOs) and to comprehensively evaluate the practicality of this model in medical research and its feasibility in guiding individualized patient treatment...

BACKGROUND: Preclinical in vivo cancer models are essential tools for investigating tumor progression and response to treatment prior to clinical trials. Although treatment modalities are regularly assessed in mice upon tumor growth in vivo, surgical resection remains challenging, particularly in the orthotopic site. Here, we report a successful surgical resection of glioblastoma (GBM) in patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs). METHODS: We derived a cohort of 46 GBM PDOX models that faithfully recapitulate human disease in mice...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with high incidence and mortality rates. Targeted therapies for CRC cause various adverse effects, necessitating the development of novel approaches to control CRC progression. In this milieu, we investigated the anti-CRC effects of fisetin, a natural plant flavonoid. Cytotoxicity was performed in CRC patient-derived organoids (30 T and 33 T). Fisetin-induced tumor growth was evaluated in a CRC patient-derived organoid xenograft (PDOX) model. RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were performed subsequently...

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas with a poor survival rate, presenting either sporadically or in the context of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The histological diagnosis of MPNSTs can be challenging, with different tumors exhibiting great histological and marker expression overlap. This heterogeneity could be partly responsible for the observed disparity in treatment response due to the inherent diversity of the preclinical models used. For several years, our group has been generating a large patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) MPNST platform for identifying new precision medicine treatments...

Endometrial cancer, one of the common gynecological malignancies, is affected by several influencing factors. This study established a unique patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model for the study of influencing factors in ER positive endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a high-fat diet can affect the growth of ER positive endometrial cancer PDOX model tumors. The tumor tissues were expanded by subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice, and then the subcutaneous tumor tissues were orthotopically implanted into the nude mouse uterus to establish the PDOX model...

Finding an effective drug for individual cancer patients among the many chemotherapies available and ruling out ineffective drugs are important challenges, especially for patients with advanced cancer. To accomplish this goal, we have pioneered and developed the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model for all cancer types, enabling the discovery and evaluation of novel therapeutics, as well as individualized therapy of patients with cancer. PDOX models can more precisely reproduce the original tumor microenvironment (TME) compared to subcutaneous-implanted xenografts including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models...

Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, a method involving the surgical extraction of tumor tissues from cancer patients and subsequent transplantation into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a pivotal approach in translational research, particularly in advancing precision medicine. As the first stage of PDX development, the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models implant tumor tissue in mice in the corresponding anatomical locations of the patient. The PDOX models have several advantages, including high fidelity to the original tumor, heightened drug sensitivity, and an elevated rate of successful transplantation...

BACKGROUND: Animal models representing different molecular subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is desired for developing new therapies. SVV-001 is an oncolytic virus selectively targeting cancer cells. It's capacity of passing through the blood brain barrier makes is an attractive novel approach for GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 patient tumor samples were implanted into the brains of NOD/SCID mice (1 × 105 cells/mouse). Tumor histology, gene expression (RNAseq), and growth rate of the developed patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models were compared with the originating patient tumors during serial subtransplantations...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Liposarcoma is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma arising from fat tissue. It is relatively common among soft-tissue sarcomas. Chloroquine (CQ), an antimalarial drug, can inhibit autophagy and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Rapamycin (RAPA) is an inhibitor of mTOR. The combination of RAPA and CQ is a strong inhibitor of autophagy. Previously, we showed that the combination of RAPA and CQ was effective against a de-differentiated liposarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model...

The application of composite materials as catalysts for the oxidation of CO and other toxic compounds is a promising approach for air purification. In this work, the composites comprising palladium and ceria components supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and Sibunit were studied in the reactions of CO and CH4 oxidation. The instrumental methods showed that the defective sites of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) successfully stabilize the deposited components in a highly-dispersed state: PdO and CeO2 nanoparticles, subnanosized PdOx and Pdx Ce1-x O2-δ clusters with an amorphous structure, as well as single Pd and Ce atoms, are formed...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer and exploring novel therapeutic options is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Here, we established human CRC tumor-derived organoids that well represent both morphological and molecular heterogeneities of original tumors. To efficiently identify repurposed drugs for CRC, we developed a robust organoid-based drug screening system. By combining the repurposed drug library and computation-based drug prediction, 335 drugs were tested and 34 drugs with anti-CRC effects were identified...

Meiotic drive loci distort the normally equal segregation of alleles, which benefits their own transmission even in the face of severe fitness costs to their host organism. However, relatively little is known about the molecular identity of meiotic drivers, their strategies of action, and mechanisms that can suppress their activity. Here, we present data from the fruitfly Drosophila simulans that address these questions. We show that a family of de novo, protamine-derived X-linked selfish genes (the Dox gene family) is silenced by a pair of newly emerged hairpin RNA (hpRNA) small interfering RNA (siRNA)-class loci, Nmy and Tmy...

Accurately identifying metastatic disease is critical to directing the appropriate treatment in pancreatic cancer. Mucin 5AC is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer but absent in normal pancreas tissue. The present proof-of-concept study demonstrates the efficacy of an anti-mucin 5AC antibody conjugated to an IR800 dye (MUC5AC-IR800) to preferentially label a liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer ( Panc Met ) in a unique patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In orthotopic models, the mean tumor to background ratio was 1...

In this work, the kinetics and mechanisms of the interaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with the surface of a nanosized SnO2 -PdOx metal oxide material in air is studied. Non-stationary temperature regimes make it possible to better identify the individual characteristics of target gases and increase the selectivity of the analysis. Recently, chemometric methods (PCA, PLS, ANN, etc.) are often used to interpret multidimensional data obtained in non-stationary temperature regimes, but the analytical solution of kinetic equations can be no less effective...

Numerous years of cell line‑based studies have enhanced the current understanding of cancer and its treatment. However, limited success has been achieved in treating hormone receptor‑positive, HER2‑negative metastatic breast cancers that are refractory to treatment. The majority of cancer cell lines are unsuitable for use as pre‑clinical models that mimic this critical and often fatal clinical type, since they are derived from treatment‑naive or non‑metastatic breast cancer cases...