ATT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the level of public trust in general practitioners (GPs) and its association with primary care contract services (PCCS) in China. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Between September and December 2021, 4158 residents across eastern, central, and western China completed a structured self-administered questionnaire. Trust was assessed using the Chinese version of Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale...

Immunochromatography (ICA) remains untapped toward enhanced sensitivity and applicability for fulfilling the nuts and bolts of on-site food safety surveillance. Herein, we report a fortified dual-spectral overlap with enhanced colorimetric/fluorescence dual-response ICA for on-site bimodal-type gentamicin (Gen) monitoring by employing polydopamine (PDA)-coated AuNPs (APDA) simultaneously serving as a colorimetric reporter and a fluorescence quencher. Availing of the enhanced colorimetric response that originated from the PDA layer, the resultant APDA exhibits less required antibody and immunoprobes in a single immunoassay, which facilitates improved antibody utilization efficiency and immuno-recognition in APDA-ICA...

Propensity score methods, such as inverse probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW), have been increasingly used for covariate balancing in both observational studies and randomized trials, allowing the control of both systematic and chance imbalances. Approaches using IPTW are based on two steps: (i) estimation of the individual propensity scores (PS), and (ii) estimation of the treatment effect by applying PS weights. Thus, a variance estimator that accounts for both steps is crucial for correct inference...

AIMS: A wide variety of social media platforms exist, each offering tailored solutions to attract specific target audiences based on their social media needs and interests. This diversity may pose a risk factor for the development or perpetuation of harmful behaviors. Research has established a connection between social media use and increased health risk behaviors. This six-wave exploratory longitudinal study investigated the associations between active social media use, hazardous alcohol use, and problem gambling among adult social media users...

BACKGROUND: Tendon and bone comprise a critical interrelating unit. Bone loss, including that seen with osteopenia (OPe) or osteoporosis (OPo), may be associated with a reduction in tendon quality, though this remains incompletely investigated. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences cannot directly detect signals from tendons because of the very short T2. Clinical MRI may detect high-graded abnormalities by changes in the adjacent structures like bone. However, ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) can capture high signals from all tendons...

CONTEXT: Observational studies have shown conflicting results as to whether exposure to neonatal phototherapy is associated with increased rates of childhood cancer. OBJECTIVE: To describe the rates of childhood neoplasms and cancer after neonatal phototherapy. DATA SOURCES: The CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies regardless of design were included. DATA EXTRACTION: The data were extracted by one author and validated by another...

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced lichen planus is a cutaneous adverse effect that manifests as a systemic eruption of flat-topped, erythematous, or violaceous papules resembling lichen planus on the trunk and extremities. Although antitubercular therapy has been linked to cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, the literature on such cases is scarce. Here, we present a case to contribute to this field, reporting on its presentation and management, and reviewing previous case studies. CASE REPORT: Our patient, a 63-year-old male, presented with black pigmented patches on the skin, having been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and on antitubercular therapy for the past two months...

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic process is a key element of medicine but it is complex and prone to errors. Infectious diseases are one of the three categories of diseases in which diagnostic errors can be most harmful to patients. In this study we aimed to estimate the effect of initial misdiagnosis of the source of infection in patients with bacteraemia on 14 day mortality using propensity score methods to adjust for confounding. METHODS: Data from a previously described longitudinal cohort of patients diagnosed with monobacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) at the Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) between 2013 and 2015 were used...

Accurate assessment of cerebral perfusion is vital for understanding the hemodynamic processes involved in various neurological disorders and guiding clinical decision-making. This guidelines article provides a comprehensive overview of quantitative perfusion imaging of the brain using multi-timepoint arterial spin labeling (ASL), along with recommendations for its acquisition and quantification. A major benefit of acquiring ASL data with multiple label durations and/or post-labeling delays (PLDs) is being able to account for the effect of variable arterial transit time (ATT) on quantitative perfusion values and additionally visualize the spatial pattern of ATT itself, providing valuable clinical insights...

Spousal bereavement is associated with health declines and increased mortality risk, but its specific impact on physical and cognitive capabilities is less studied. A historical cohort study design was applied including married Tromsø study participants (N=5739) aged 50-70 years with baseline self-reported overall health and health-related factors and measured capability (grip strength, finger tapping, digit symbol coding, and short-term recall) at follow-up. Participants had data from Tromsø4 (1994-1995) and Tromsø5 (2001), or Tromsø6 (2007-2008) and Tromsø7 (2015-2016)...

The human gut is the most favorable niche for microbial populations, and few studies have explored the possibilities of horizontal gene transfer between host and pathogen. Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion in humans can cause more than 40 neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, TNRs are a type of microsatellite that resides on coding regions can contribute to the synthesis of homopolymeric amino acids. Hence, the present study aims to estimate the occurrence and diversity of TNRs in bacterial genomes available in the NCBI Genome database...

BACKGROUND: Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI)-based targeted biopsy has shown to be beneficial in detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer (csPCa) and avoiding diagnosis of Non-csPCa (ncsPCa); however, its role in the treatment of biopsy-naïve patients is still under discussion. METHODS: After identifying predictors for the diagnosis of csPCa via Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis (MLRA), a propensity-score (1:1 nearest neighbor) matched comparison was performed between a Systematic-Only Biopsy (SOB) cohort and a mpMRI-based Combined (systematic + targeted) Biopsy (CB) cohort from two tertiary urologic centers (SOB: Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; CB: LKH Hall in Tirol, Austria)...

BACKGROUND: Achilles tendon thickening (ATT) can be ameliorated by lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) defines ATT as ≥8.0 mm in males and ≥7.5 mm in females. We aimed to determine the clinical impact of changes in ATT on the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS: Patients with clinically diagnosed heterozygous FH (HeFH) ( N = 1273; 614 males, 659 females) with ATT data from X-ray were assessed...

BACKGROUND: Incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) cases in India reported in 2019 is 193 per 1 lakh population [National Tuberculosis Elimination Plan (NTEP)]. In India, annual extra pulmonary TB burden is 20-25%, of which 4% of cases are of urogenital origin (Revised National TB Control Programme, 2019; World Health Organization, 2019). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has made a target of eliminating tuberculosis by 2025 under the NTEP by the process of identification, notification and treatment of cases...

BACKGROUND: The management of choice for granulomatous mastitis (GM) has yet to be determined but few studies have demonstrated that anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) could be an effective alternative therapeutic option. Hence, the objective of the current study is to determine the clinical feature, radiological imaging findings, and histopathological examination results exhibited by GM and tuberculosis (TB)-proven GM as well as to evaluate the ATT clinical outcome in GM patients. METHODS: The study was performed on 68 GM patients who were referred to the department of pulmonology by the breast clinic (from January 2018 to August 2021)...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Isoniazid (INH) is an important component of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT). Low isoniazid levels can serve as a risk factor for the development of treatment failure, relapse of disease and acquired secondary resistance. Hence, serum level of isoniazid becomes a critical factor in determining the treatment outcome of patients on ATT. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum isoniazid concentration and therapeutic response in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis in Central India...

In the last 20 years there has been an increased interest in research on psychedelic compounds for treatment of psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety and substance use disorders. Despite existing treatments being efficacious for many patients, this is not the case for up to a third of the patients with depression. Additionally, treatments are often long and associated with side effects. This review focuses on the psychedelic compound psilocybin, a serotonin-2A-receptor agonist that has been seen to reduce depression and anxiety in patients after administration of only a single dose, with effects lasting several weeks...

Tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality in children worldwide. One of the greatest challenges in its management is the difficulty of diagnosis as the manifestations are non-specific and often mimic other illnesses. Neurological infection occurs in approximately 1% of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, and usually takes the form of tuberculous meningitis or tuberculoma. An 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, a rare immunological manifestation of tuberculosis, is presented...

The attenuated phase-shift mask (Att. PSM) is proven to be a promising resolution enhancement technology (RET) to improve the imaging performance in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. However, due to the reflective nature of the mask structure, the serious shadowing effect can affect the diffraction near field of the mask intensely and further impact the lithography imaging. With the purpose of improving the contrast of lithography imaging, a novel structure of the Att. PSM, to the best of our knowledge, is proposed in this paper...

Accumulating evidence has shown that the abnormal toxicity test (ATT) is not suitable as a quality control batch release test for biologics and vaccines. The purpose of the current study was to explore the optimal ATT experimental design for an adenoviral vector-based vaccine product to avoid false positive results following the standard test conditions stipulated in the Pharmacopoeias. ATT studies were conducted in both mice and guinea pigs based on methods in Pharmacopeias, with modifications to assess effects of dose volume and amount of virus particles (VPs)...