resting—state fmri

Abstinence is one of the important measures for heroin addiction. However, it is unknown whether long-term abstinence (LA) would improve the coupling among three core brain networks (salience, default mode, and executive control) and decrease craving in treated heroin addicts. Forty-three heroin addicts with LA, 27 heroin addicts with short-term abstinence (SA), and 46 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) participated in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. The authors compared the functional connectivity among the three groups and examined how the coupling among salience, default mode, and executive control networks related to duration of abstinence and craving before and after drug cue exposure among heroin addicts...

BACKGROUND: Machine learning applications in health care have increased considerably in the recent past, and this review focuses on an important application in psychiatry related to the detection of depression. Since the advent of computational psychiatry, research based on functional magnetic resonance imaging has yielded remarkable results, but these tools tend to be too expensive for everyday clinical use. OBJECTIVE: This review focuses on an affordable data-driven approach based on electroencephalographic recordings...

The experience of early life stress (ELS) is a risk factor for memory dysfunction, but the impact at the neural level is less clear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether healthy people with a higher ELS display more structural and functional changes of hippocampus than people with a lower ELS, and to investigate whether hippocampus changes in turn affects memory. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess ELS in 100 young health participants. They were divided into two groups: "low" CTQ group (limitation of none/minimal ELS) and "high" CTQ group (low to moderate ELS)...

The construction of brain functional network based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an effective method to reveal the mechanism of human brain operation, but the common brain functional network generally contains a lot of noise, which leads to wrong analysis results. In this paper, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model in compressed sensing is used to reconstruct the brain functional network. This model uses the sparsity of L 1 -norm penalty term to avoid over fitting problem...

Alterations in brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here, we apply a systems biology approach, leveraging neuroimaging and fecal metabolite data, to characterize BGM interactions that are driving IBS pathophysiology. Fecal samples and resting state fMRI images were obtained from 138 female subjects (99 IBS, 39 healthy controls (HCs)). Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was conducted to explore group differences, and partial correlation analysis explored significantly changed metabolites and neuroimaging data...

During the sleep-wake cycle, the brain undergoes profound dynamical changes, which are manifested subjectively as transitions between conscious experience and unconsciousness. Yet, neurophysiological signatures that can objectively distinguish different consciousness states based are scarce. Here, we show that differences in the level of brain-wide signals can reliably distinguish different stages of sleep and anesthesia from the awake state in human and monkey resting state data. Moreover, a whole-brain computational model can faithfully reproduce changes in global synchronization and other metrics such as the structure-function relationship, integration and segregation across vigilance states...

OBJECTIVE: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) studies of the neural correlates of medication treatment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not been systematically reviewed. Our objective was to systematically identify, assess and summarize within-subject R-fMRI studies of pharmacological-induced changes in patients with ADHD. We critically appraised strengths and limitations, and provide recommendations for future research. METHOD: Systematic review of published original reports in English meeting criteria in pediatric and adult patients with ADHD up to July 1, 2020...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) usually report a higher sense of loneliness. Although studies have suggested a key role of the prefrontal cortex-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in both IGD and loneliness, the potential mechanism between IGD and loneliness remains unclear. METHODS: Fifty-seven IGD and 81 matched recreational internet gamer users (RGU) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. The UCLA loneliness scale was used to measure loneliness...

Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported that moment-to-moment variability in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal is positively associated with task performance and, thus, may reflect a behaviorally sensitive signal. However, it is not clear whether estimates of resting-state and task-driven BOLD variability are differentially related to cognition, as they may be driven by distinct sources of variance in the BOLD signal. Moreover, other studies have suggested that age differences in resting-state BOLD variability may be particularly sensitive to individual differences in cardiovascular, rather than neural, factors...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether baseline measures of hedonic hunger-the Power of Food Scale-and self-control for food consumption-the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire-were associated with network topology within two sets of brain regions (regions of interest [ROIs] 1 and 2) in a group of older adults with obesity. These previously identified brain regions were shown in a different cohort of older adults to be critical for discriminating weight loss success and failure...

To determine the neural mechanism underlying the effects of sound therapy on tinnitus, we hypothesize that sound therapy may be effective by modulating both local neural activity and functional connectivity that is associated with auditory perception, auditory information storage or emotional processing. In this prospective observational study, 30 tinnitus patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and after 12 weeks of sound therapy. Thirty-two age- and gender-matched healthy controls also underwent two scans over a 12-week interval; 30 of these healthy controls were enrolled for data analysis...

Accumulating studies demonstrate emotional and cognitive dysregulation in the euthymic period of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). However, the relative contribution of functional integration in human brain to disturbed emotion and cognitive function in the euthymic PBD patients remains unclear. In this study, 16 euthymic PBD patients and 16 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A data-driven functional connectivity analysis was used to investigate functional connectivity changes of the euthymic PBD...

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the brain functional alterations with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in older patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to assess the causal relationship of the brain function and neuropsychological changes. Methods: We performed rs-fMRI to investigate brain function of 23 patients aged ≥65 with KOA and 23 healthy matched controls. Of the KOA patients, 15 completed postoperative rs-fMRI examinations...

Although fMRI studies have produced considerable evidence for differences in the spatial connectivity of resting-state brain networks in persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relative to typically developing (TD) peers, little is known about the temporal dynamics of these brain networks in ASD. The aim of this study was to examine the EEG microstate architecture in children with ASD as compared to TD at rest in two separate conditions - eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO). EEG microstate analysis was performed on resting-state data of 13 ASD and 13 TD children matched on age, gender, and IQ...

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered the earliest preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that precedes mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Effective and accurate diagnosis of SCD is crucial for early detection of and timely intervention in AD. In this study, brain functional connectome (i.e., functional connections and graph theory metrics) based on the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) provided multiple information about brain networks and has been used to distinguish individuals with SCD from normal controls (NCs)...

Resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI) provides the means to measure neuronal activity. One of the most commonly used methods to explore the RS-fMRI signal is the Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis (PICA). PICA allows to depict brain functional connectivity (FC) networks. Yet most of the IC maps obtained with this method do not represent any particular FC network. Consequently, those IC maps are classified as artifacts or noise of an unknown source. We hypothesized that the unexplained RS-fMRI signal patterns that are picked up by the PICA can be related to the differences in oxygen metabolism and blood flow in cortical layers...

Functional MRI signals can be heavily influenced by systemic physiological processes in addition to local neural activity. For example, widespread hemodynamic fluctuations across the brain have been found to correlate with natural, low-frequency variations in the depth and rate of breathing over time. Acquiring peripheral measures of respiration during fMRI scanning not only allows for modeling such effects in fMRI analysis, but also provides valuable information for interrogating brain-body physiology. However, physiological recordings are frequently unavailable or have insufficient quality...

Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations in the default mode network (DMN) are functionally tightly connected to those in monoaminergic nuclei, producing dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) transmitters, in the midbrain/brainstem. We combined accelerated fMRI acquisition with spectral Granger causality and coherence analysis to investigate causal relationships between these areas. Both methods independently lead to similar results and confirm the existence of a top-down information flow in the resting-state condition, where activity in core DMN areas influences activity in the neuromodulatory centers producing DA/5-HT...

Aberrant topological organization of brain connectomes underlies pathological mechanisms in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, accumulating evidence has only focused on functional organization in brain gray-matter, ignoring functional information in white-matter (WM) that has been confirmed to have reliable and stable topological organizations. The present study aimed to characterize the functional pattern disruptions of MDD from a new perspective-WM functional connectome topological organization. A case-control, cross-sectional resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study was conducted on both discovery [91 unmedicated MDD patients, and 225 healthy controls (HCs)], and replication samples (34 unmedicated MDD patients, and 25 HCs)...

Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) is emphasized as a pathological hallmark of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking AVH to overlapping functional abnormalities in distributed networks. However, no clear conclusion has still been reached. This study aimed to further explore the brain activity of patients with schizophrenia having AVH from both local activity (LA) and functional connectivity (FC) insights, while excluding confounding factors from other positive symptoms. A total of 42 patients with AVH (AVH patients group, APG), 26 without AVH (non-AVH patients group, NPG), and 82 normal controls (NC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)...