solid state fermentation

Tannase-producing filamentous fungi residing alongside tannin-rich ambient in the Northwest Himalayas were isolated at laboratory conditions and further identified by 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Five most potent tannase producing strains (EI ≥ 2.0), designated Aspergillus fumigatus AN1, Fusarium redolens AN2, Penicillium crustosum AN3, Penicillium restrictum AN4, and Penicillium commune AN5, were characterized. The strain Penicillium crustosum AN3 exhibited a maximum zone dia (25...

The aim of this work is to explore the effects of herbal medicine on secondary metabolites of microorganisms during fermentation. Clonostachys rogersoniana was found to metabolize only small amounts of polyketide glycosides rogerson B and C on fresh potatoes, but after replacing the medium to the medicinal plant Rubus delavayi Franch., the type and content of the metabolized polyketones showed significant changes. The sugars and glycosides in R. delavayi are probably responsible for the changes in secondary metabolites...

Fermented microbiota is critical to the formation of microenvironment and metabolic profiles in spontaneous fermentation. Microorganisms generate a diverse array of metabolites concurrent with the release of heat energy. In the case of Daqu fermentation, the peak temperature exceeded 60°C, forming a typical high-temperature fermentation system known as high-temperature Daqu. However, microorganisms that cause the quality variation in Daqu and how they affect the functional microbiota and microenvironment in the fermentation process are not yet clear...

The present study evaluated the performance of the fungus Trichoderma reesei to tolerate and biodegrade the herbicide diuron in its agrochemical presentation in agar plates, liquid culture, and solid-state fermentation. The tolerance of T. reesei to diuron was characterized through a non-competitive inhibition model of the fungal radial growth on the PDA agar plate and growth in liquid culture with glucose and ammonium nitrate, showing a higher tolerance to diuron on the PDA agar plate (inhibition constant 98...

The accumulation of coir pith waste, a byproduct of coconut husk processing, poses environmental and logistical challenges. An innovative and sustainable solution involves using coir pith as a substrate for solid-state fermentation (SSF). In SSF, coir pith can be converted into valuable products, such as enzymes, organic acids, and bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate laccase production by Hexagonia hirta MSF2 through SSF using the coir pith waste as substrate. Physico-chemical parameters like moisture, pH, temperature, C source, N source, and CuSO4 concentrations were pre-optimized, and optimized through RSM...

The replacement of agrochemicals by biomolecules is imperative to mitigate soil contamination and inactivation of its core microbiota. Within this context, this study aimed at the interaction between a biological control agent such as Trichoderma harzianum CCT 2160 (BF-Th) and the biosurfactants (BSs) derived from the native Brazilian yeast Starmerella bombicola UFMG-CM-Y6419. Thereafter, their potential in germination of Oryza sativa L. seeds was tested. Both bioproducts were produced on site and characterized according to their chemical composition by HPLC-MS and GC-MS for BSs and SDS-PAGE gel for BF-Th...

Use of white-rot fungi for enzyme-based bioremediation of wastewater is of high interest. These fungi produce considerable amounts of extracellular ligninolytic enzymes during solid-state fermentation on lignocellulosic materials such as straw and sawdust. We used pure sawdust colonized by Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, and Ganoderma lucidum for extraction of ligninolytic enzymes in aqueous suspension. Crude enzyme suspensions of the three fungi, with laccase activity range 12-43 U/L and manganese peroxidase activity range 5-55 U/L, were evaluated for degradation of 11 selected pharmaceuticals spiked at environmentally relevant concentrations...

An efficient method of solid-state fermentation (SSF) is reported for producing bioactive phenolic compounds using soil-isolated fungi. Antioxidant activity using a rapid DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), was employed to screen the 120 fungal isolates from soil. Aspergillus terreus 1, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus 2, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus wentii1, Aspergillus wentii 2, Penicillium expansum and Penicillium granulatum were chosen, concerning their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content...

With a millennium-long history, traditional Chinese cereal vinegar (CCV) is a significant part of China's cultural heritage. The unique flavor of CCV is derived from the use of cereal and its bran as raw materials and solid-state fermentation as a brewing technique. This paper systemically summarized recent research progress on the aroma compounds in CCV, the biochemical generation of aroma compounds during the brewing process, and the association between sensory perception and the primary aroma compounds. Furthermore, a complete CCV lexicon and sensory wheel prototype were constructed...

Fermentation, a critical post-harvest process, can be strategically manipulated to augment coffee quality. This enhancement is achieved through the activity of microorganisms, which generate metabolites instrumental in the formation of distinct sensory profiles. This study investigated the impact of different fermentation methods on the quality of coffee beverages, specifically utilizing the Catiguá MG2 variety. The experimental setup involved fermenting the coffee in 200 L bioreactors, employing both natural and pulped coffee beans...

Developing efficient microbiological methods to convert polysaccharide-rich materials into fermentable sugars, particularly monosaccharides, is vital for advancing the bioeconomy and producing renewable chemicals and energy sources. This study focused on optimizing the production conditions of an enzyme cocktail from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642 using solid-state fermentation (SSF) and assessing its effectiveness in saccharifying mango peels through a simple, rapid, and efficient one-step process. A rotatable central composite design was employed to determine optimal conditions of moisture, time, and pH for enzyme production in SSF medium...

In this study, microcapsule beads-0-3-layers (M-0-3 indicates microencapsulated beads with 0, 1, 2, and 3 layers) were prepared, their properties were measured and characterized, and the effects of M-0-3 on solid-state fermentation were investigated. The results showed that in a liquid environment, the releasing glucoamylase activities of M-0-3 were 55.77%, 47.67%, 45.85%, and 42.87% in 360 h, respectively. In the solid environment, the reducing sugar production efficiency of M-0-3 was 29.84%, 27.72%, 19...

BACKGROUND: Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been widely used in the processing of sorghum grain (SG) because it can produce sensory improved products. To clarify the influence of different microbial strains on the SSF of SG, especially on the polyphenols content and composition, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae, and Neurospora sitophila were used separately and together for SSF of SG. Furthermore, relationship between the dynamic changes of polyphenols and the enzyme activitiy closely related to the metabolism of polyphenols has also been measured and analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Baijiu is a well-known alcoholic beverage in China and the quality is determined by various microorganisms during the fermentation process. Yeast is one of the most important microorganisms in the fermentation of baijiu, it not only has a strong esterification capacity but also affects the aroma of baijiu. RESULTS: High-throughput sequencing results showed that the fermented grains (jiupei) during baijiu production were mainly composed of eight yeast species with high abundance, the species and abundance of yeasts changed significantly with the fermentation process...

Microbial cellulases are highly versatile catalysts with significant potential in various industries, including pulp and paper, textile manufacturing, laundry, biofuel production, food and animal feed, brewing, and agriculture. Cellulases have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community owing to their broad industrial applications and the complex nature of enzymatic systems. In the present study, a novel fungal isolate of Aspergillus sp. IN5 was used to produce cellulases. We optimized each parameter, including carbon source, incubation temperature, pH, and incubation time, for maximum cellulase production using isolate IN5 under solid-state fermentation conditions...

Production of a thermostable laccase from Pleurotus florida was reported for the first time, both in submerged and solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial residues. This enzyme was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation (60-90%), Sephadex G-100 and DEAE column ion exchange chromatography, respectively. The laccase was purified to 21.49 fold with an apparent molecular weight of 66 kDa and had an optimal pH of 5 with temperature stability at 60°C. Metal ions such as Cu2+ (91.26 µmole/mL/min), Mg2+ (68...

This study aimed to evaluate the use of palm kernel meal (PKM) in the traditional solid-state fermentation system to improve the production and quality of Cordyceps javanica conidia. The impact of PKM was determined by measuring conidia yield, viability, hydrophobicity, shelf life, and conidia pathogenicity against Diaphorina citri adults. By supplementing rice grains with 5% palm kernel meal increased the conidial yield by up to 40%, without compromising conidia viability and hydrophobicity. In addition, conidia caused higher levels of mortality by mycosis against D...

In this study, we investigated the effect of solid-state fermentation of Pleurotus eryngii on the composition and antioxidant activity of Tartary buckwheat (TB). Firstly, the solid-state fermentation of P. eryngii mycelium with buckwheat was carried out, and the fermentation process was explored. The results of the extraction process and method selection experiments showed that the percolation extraction method was superior to the other two methods. The results of extraction rate, active components and antioxidant activity measurements before and after fermentation of TB extract showed that the extraction rate increased about 1...

This study aimed to increase the value of brewers' spent grain (BSG) by using it as feedstock to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and lactic acid (LA). Twenty-two fungal strains were screened for lignocellulolytic enzyme production from BSG. Among them, Trichoderma sp. showed the highest cellulase activity (35.84 ± 0.27 U/g-BSG) and considerably high activities of xylanase (599.61 ± 23.09 U/g-BSG) and β-glucosidase (16.97 ± 0.77 U/g-BSG) under successive solid-state and submerged fermentation...

Alginate lyases have countless potential for application in industries and medicine particularly as an appealing biocatalyst for the production of biofuels and bioactive oligosaccharides. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) allows improved production of enzymes and consumes less energy compared to submerged fermentation. Seaweeds can serve as the most promising biomass for the production of biochemicals. Alginate present in the seaweed can be used by alginate lyase-producing bacteria to support growth and can secrete alginate lyase...