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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maaha Ayub, Mustafa Bin Ali Zubairi, Najia Ghanchi, Safia Awan, Kauser Jabeen, Ali Zubairi
In this study, we compared the predisposing factors, key demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical outcomes, and factors associated with poor prognosis in pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) infection among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and non-HIV patient populations. This retrospective analysis was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, via the collection and analysis of patient records with a diagnosis of "pneumocystosis" between January 2015 and October 2020. Additionally, the laboratory database was evaluated, and patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of PCP were included...
April 3, 2024: Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chee Fui Chong, Muhd Syafiq Abdullah, Pui Lin Chong, Rosmonaliza Asli, Babu Ivan Mani, Natalie Raimiza Momin, Justin Wong, Noor Affizan Rahman, Jackson Tan, Vui Heng Chong
OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccinations have been shown to prevent infection with efficacies ranging from 50% to 95%. This study assesses the impact of vaccination on the clinical severity of COVID-19 during the second wave in Brunei Darussalam in 2021, which was due to the Delta variant. METHODS: Patients included in this study were randomly selected from those who were admitted with COVID-19 to the National Isolation Centre between 7 August and 6 October 2021...
2024: Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal: WPSAR
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sasidaran Kandasamy, Ramachandran Rameshkumar, Thangavelu Sangaralingam, Nedunchelian Krishnamoorthy, N C Gowri Shankar, Vimalraj Vijayakumar, Balaji Sridharan
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of early high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and low-flow oxygen support (LFOS) in children under 5 years with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) due to severe community-acquired pneumonia in low-middle-income countries. METHODS: An open-label randomized clinical trial enrolled children aged 2-59 months with AHRF due to severe community-acquired pneumonia and randomized into HFNC and LFOS. In the LFOS group, the patient received cold wall oxygen humidified by bubbling through sterile water administered through simple nasal prongs at a fixed flow rate of 2 L/min...
2024: Intensive Care Med Paediatr Neonatal
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions impair diaphragm function in mechanically ventilated patients.
Benjamin Coiffard, Jose Dianti, Irene Telias, Laurent J Brochard, Arthur S Slutsky, Jennifer Beck, Christer Sinderby, Niall D Ferguson, Ewan C Goligher
BACKGROUND: Pre-clinical studies suggest that dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions during mechanical ventilation may cause acute diaphragm dysfunction. We aimed to describe the variability in diaphragm contractile loading conditions during mechanical ventilation and to establish whether dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions are associated with the development of impaired diaphragm dysfunction. METHODS: In patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for pneumonia, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute brain injury, airway flow and pressure and diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) were recorded hourly around the clock for up to 7 days...
April 2, 2024: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tala M AlAshgar, Norah H AlDawsari, Nasreen Y AlSanea, Noura A AlSalamah, Nada S AlSugair, Husam I Ardah, Mohamed S Kabbani
Background DiGeorge syndrome, a common genetic microdeletion syndrome, is associated with multiple congenital anomalies, including congenital cardiac diseases. This study aims to identify the short and midterm outcomes of cardiac surgery performed on children with DiGeorge syndrome. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted between the period of 2018-2022, which included children divided into two groups with a 1:2 ratio. Group one included DiGeorge syndrome patients who were diagnosed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)...
February 2024: Curēus
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vesna Vucelić, Vesna Bratić, Dubravka Negovetić Vranić, Arjana Tambić Andrašević, Vesna Degoricija, Zlatan Mihaljević, Snježana Ramić, Ivana Piteša Košutić, Luka Šimunović, Bruno Špiljak, Vlaho Brailo
OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the knowledge, practices, and attitudes of medical staff in intensive care units (ICUs) regarding oral hygiene care for critically ill, bedridden patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study included 65 employees from the Intensive Care Units of the Sestre Milosrdnice Clinical Hospital Centre (CHC SM) and the Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care at the University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb (CHC ZG). A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, methods, frequency, and attitudes towards oral care for mechanically ventilated patients...
March 2024: Acta Stomatologica Croatica
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Michelle Le, Lauren Khoury, Yang Lu, Connor Prosty, Maxime Cormier, Mathew P Cheng, Robert Fowler, Srinivas Murthy, Jennifer L Y Tsang, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Elham Rahme, Shirin Golchi, Nandini Dendukuri, Todd C Lee, Elena Netchiporouk
BACKGROUND: Omalizumab is an anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody used to treat moderate to severe chronic idiopathic urticaria, asthma, and nasal polyps. Recent research suggested that omalizumab may enhance the innate antiviral response and have anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in adults hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. METHODS: This was a phase II randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing omalizumab with placebo (in addition to standard of care) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19...
April 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chuanlin Zhang, Xueqin Wang, Jie Mi, Zeju Zhang, Xinyi Luo, Ruiying Gan, Shaoyu Mu
OBJECTIVE: Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness often occurs in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Early active mobility may reduce ICU-acquired weakness, improve functional status, and reduce disability. The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-intensity early mobility improves post-ICU discharge functional status of IMV patients. METHODS: 132 adult patients in the ICU who were undergoing IMV were randomly assigned into two groups with a ratio of 1 : 1, with one group received high-intensity early mobility (intervention group, IG), while the other group received conventional treatment (control group, CG)...
2024: Critical Care Research and Practice
#29
Francisco R Klein, Julia Klein, Diego Otalora Lozano, Carlos Vigliano
We present the case of a lung transplant candidate under veno-venous membrane oxygenation assistance (VV ECMO) whose diagnosis of emphysema of undetermined etiology was redefined as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) due to a scalp skin biopsy performed years after the beginning of his respiratory symptoms. A 20-year-old patient started three years before his admission with progressive dyspnea leading to a diagnosis of bullous emphysema of undetermined cause, which evolved into respiratory failure and evaluation for bilateral lung transplant...
February 2024: Curēus
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomoki Kuribara, Takeshi Unoki, Sachika Yamakita, Naoya Hashimoto, Yasuyo Yoshino, Hideaki Sakuramoto, Gen Aikawa, Saiko Okamoto
Oral care for critically ill patients helps provide comfort and prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. However, a standardized protocol for oral care in intensive care units is currently unavailable. Thus, this study aimed to determine the overall oral care practices, including those for intubated patients, in Japanese intensive care units. We also discuss the differences in oral care methods between Japanese ICUs and ICUs in other countries. This study included all Japanese intensive care units meeting the authorities' standard set criteria, with a minimum of 0...
2024: PloS One
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jolan Malherbe, Pierre Godard, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Valentin Coirier, Laurent Argaud, Hervé Hyvernat, Francis Schneider, Julien Charpentier, Florent Wallet, Juliette Pocquet, Gaëtan Plantefeve, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Pierre Bay, Agathe Delbove, Hugues Georges, Tomas Urbina, David Schnell, Charlène Le Moal, Matthieu Stanowski, Corentin Muris, Maud Jonas, Bertrand Sauneuf, Olivier Lesieur, Amaury Lhermitte, Laure Calvet, Ines Gueguen, Damien du Cheyron
BACKGROUND: Due to aging population and increasing part of immunocompromised patients, a raise in life-threatening organ damage related to VZV can be expected. Two retrospective studies were already conducted on VZV in ICU but focused on specific organ injury. Patients with high-risk of VZV disease still must be identified. The objective of this study was to report the clinical features and outcome of all life-threatening VZV manifestations requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission...
March 29, 2024: Annals of Intensive Care
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REVIEW
Liangjuan Yuan, Arshad Mehmood, Lei Meng
INTRODUCTION: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide since November 2019 is of interest to understand its impact on various organs. COVID-19 patients experience a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with non-COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted that covered the period from November 1, 2019 to February 28, 2021. RESULTS: The analysis incorporated a comprehensive review of 19 studies of 21 362 patients...
March 28, 2024: Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suzana Margareth Lobo, Gaétan Plantefève, Girish Nair, Adilson Joaquim Cavalcante, Nara Franzin de Moraes, Estevao Nunes, Otis Barnum, Claudio Marcel Berdun Stadnik, Maria Patelli Lima, Muriel Lins, Ludhmila Abrahao Hajjar, Christopher Lipinski, Shaheen Islam, Fabiano Ramos, Tiago Simon, Jean-Benoît Martinot, Thomas Guimard, Arnaud Desclaux, Bertrand Lioger, Fernando Carvalho Neuenschwander, Bruno DeSouza Paolino, Alpesh Amin, Samuel Amil Acosta, Daniel Forde Dilling, Edgardo Cartagena, Brian Snyder, Edouard Devaud, Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli Marinho, Suzana Tanni, Patricia Medeiros Milhomem Beato, Stephan De Wit, Vani Selvan, Jeffrey Gray, Ricardo Fernandez, Valérie Pourcher, Lee Maddox, Richard Kay, Anait Azbekyan, Mounia Chabane, Cendrine Tourette, Luis Everton Esmeraldino, Pierre J Dilda, René Lafont, Jean Mariani, Serge Camelo, Sandrine Rabut, Samuel Agus, Stanislas Veillet, Waly Dioh, Rob van Maanen, Capucine Morelot-Panzini
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2 is potentially associated with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19. The aim of the study was to test whether Mas-receptor activation by 20-hydroxyecdysone (BIO101) could restore the Renin-Angiotensin System equilibrium and limit the frequency of respiratory failure and mortality in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. METHODS: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial. Randomization: 1:1 oral BIO101 (350 mg BID) or placebo, up to 28 days or until an endpoint was reached...
February 2024: EClinicalMedicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamad El Labban, Wigdan Farah, Perla Mansour, Karine Eid, Yewande E Odeyemi
BACKGROUND: The influenza virus continues to be a public health concern every season. We aimed to evaluate influenza-associated outcomes and healthcare utilization by race and ethnicity. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample across 2019 and 2020. Influenza pneumonia was selected as the principal diagnosis. Outcomes included mortality, use of respiratory support ventilation, length of stay, and total hospitalization charge...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
#35
REVIEW
Fermín García-Muñoz Rodrigo, Lourdes Urquía Martí, Marta Siguero Onrubia, Moreyba Borges Luján, Gloria Galán Henríquez, Desiderio Reyes Suárez
The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from, or even before, birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in the respiratory system. Knowledge about the lung microbiota in newborns and its relationship with bacterial infections is of vital importance to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in neonatal patients undergoing mechanical ventilation...
March 1, 2024: Pathogens
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luz Abarca-Coloma, Miguel Puga-Tejada, Tamara Nuñez-Quezada, Otilia Gómez-Cruz, Carlos Mawyin-Muñoz, Shivan Barungi, Macarena Perán
Antibiotic overuse and the resulting antimicrobial resistance pose significant global public health challenges, providing an avenue for opportunistic pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii to thrive. This study will report the trends of Acinetobacter baumannii antimicrobial resistance patterns at the Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Ecuador. An observational, analytical, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with hospital-acquired infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, followed by molecular analysis of carbapenemase genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates...
February 23, 2024: Antibiotics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benedetta Fumarola, Liana Signorini, Silvia Lorenzotti, Paola Lanza, Barbara Saccani, Evelyn Van Hauwermeiren, Alice Mulè, Simone Piva, Matteo Rota, Francesco Zuccalà, Francesco Antonio Rasulo, Matteo Filippini, Alberto Bertazzoli, Giovanni Del Fabro, Alberto Matteelli
PURPOSE: COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is common and linked with high fatality rates. To assess the impact on the incidence and outcome of CAPA of an antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) we compared two cohorts of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) in Brescia, Italy, from January to August 2021. METHODS: The study cohort included all mechanically ventilated patients observed between April 2021 and August 2021 with SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia, who received AFP with oral posaconazole (200 mg every 6 h) and nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (50 mg every 2 weeks) from ICU admission to 7 days after discharge or, if applicable, until tracheostomy removal...
March 26, 2024: Infection
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Todd Karsies, Steven L Shein, Franco Diaz, Pablo Vasquez-Hoyos, Robin Alexander, Steven Pon, Sebastián González-Dambrauskas
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of respiratory bacterial codetection in children younger than 2 years intubated for acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), primarily viral bronchiolitis, and identify the association of codetection with mechanical ventilation duration. DESIGN: Prospective observational study evaluating the prevalence of bacterial codetection (moderate/heavy growth of pathogenic bacterial plus moderate/many polymorphonuclear neutrophils) and the impact of codetection on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) duration...
March 26, 2024: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Vanni Borghi, Salvatore Rotundo, Bianca Mariani, Anna Ferrari, Cosmo Del Borgo, Francesca Bai, Pietro Colletti, Piermauro Miraglia, Carlo Torti, Anna Maria Cattelan, Giovanni Cenderello, Marco Berruti, Carlo Tascini, Giustino Parruti, Simona Coladonato, Andrea Gori, Giulia Marchetti, Miriam Lichtner, Luigi Coppola, Chiara Sorace, Alessandra D'Abramo, Valentina Mazzotta, Giovanni Guaraldi, Erica Franceschini, Marianna Meschiari, Loredana Sarmati, Andrea Antinori, Emanuele Nicastri, Cristina Mussini
INTRODUCTION: Casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS/IMV) are two non-competing, high-affinity human IgG1 anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, that showed a survival benefit in seronegative hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the day-28 risk of mechanical ventilation (MV) and death in individuals hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia and receiving CAS/IMV. Additionally, it aimed to identify variables measured at the time of hospital admission that could predict these outcomes and derive a prediction algorithm...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Enrica Amodio, Peter W Schreiber, Mirjam Faes Hesse, Aline Wolfensberger
Non-ventilator associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP) is a common nosocomial infection, but little is known about the outcomes of patients with nvHAP and the risk factors for adverse outcomes. In this retrospective study conducted in a Swiss tertiary care centre, adverse outcomes like in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation, both all-cause and nvHAP-associated, were investigated. Of 244 patients with nvHAP, 72 (30%) died, 35 (14%) deaths were attributed to nvHAP...
March 13, 2024: Infectious Disease Reports
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