biomarker lung cancer

PURPOSE: The study evaluates the use of heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation via wearable smart bands, to objectively assess cancer-related fatigue (CRF) levels. It aims to enhance understanding of fatigue by distinguishing between LF/HF ratios and LF/HF disorder ratios through HRV and photoplethysmography (PPG), identifying them as potential biomarkers. METHODS: Seventy-one lung cancer patients and 75 non-cancer controls wore smart bands for one week...

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapies for cancer have evolved through a series of remarkable and critical research advances; however, addressing their similarities and differences is imperative in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to examine their similarities and differences from the perspective of informatics analysis. METHODS: This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed extensive relevant studies published between 2014 and 2023 using stringent search criteria, excluding non-peer-reviewed and non-English documents...

INTRODUCTION: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent respiratory system tumor. Triggered transposable element derivative 1 (TIGD1) exhibits significant overexpression in various tumor cells and tissues, suggesting its involvement in cancer progression. METHODS: Clinical data and gene expression profiles of lung adenocarcinoma were collected from TCGA, UCSC XENA, and GEO databases. Computational techniques and empirical studies were employed to analyze the role of TIGD1 in NSCLC...

INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC in the perioperative setting on the basis of phase 3 trials. However, the characteristics of such patients who are susceptible to recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy or who are likely to benefit from postoperative immunotherapy have remained unclear. METHODS: This biomarker study (WJOG12219LTR) was designed to evaluate cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD133), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells, CD8 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor mutation burden in completely resected stage II to IIIA NSCLC with the use of archived DNA and tissue samples from the prospective WJOG4107 trial...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of peripheral immune cells in predicting the response and prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We utilized flow cytometry to examine the levels and dynamics of blood immune cells in 79 advanced NSCLC patients treated with the chemoimmunotherapy between December 2019 and January 2022...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of lung adenocarcinoma is difficult due to the limited therapeutic options. Cancer-associated fibroblasts play an important role in the development of cancers. This study aimed to identify a promising molecular target associated with cancer-associated fibroblasts for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma dataset was used to screen hub genes associated with cancer-associated fibroblasts via the EPIC algorithm and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis...

BACKGROUND: The immune status of a patient's tumor microenvironment (TME) may guide therapeutic interventions with cancer immunotherapy and help identify potential resistance mechanisms. Currently, patients' immune status is mostly classified based on CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. An unmet need exists for comparable and reliable precision immunophenotyping tools that would facilitate clinical treatment-relevant decision-making and the understanding of how to overcome resistance mechanisms...

PURPOSE: Because of atypical response imaging patterns in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs), new biomarkers are needed for a better monitoring of treatment efficacy. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic value of volume-derived positron-emission tomography (PET) parameters on baseline and follow-up 18 F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose PET (18 F-FDG-PET) scans and compare it with the conventional PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST)...

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Following the approval of the first antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the early 2000s, development has increased dramatically, with 14 ADCs now approved and >100 in clinical development. In lung cancer, trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is approved in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-mutated, unresectable or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, with ADCs targeting HER3 (patritumab deruxtecan), trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (datopotamab deruxtecan and sacituzumab govitecan [SG]) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (telisotuzumab vedotin) in late-stage clinical development...

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a common malignant tumor, requires deeper pathogenesis investigation. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation process that is frequently blocked during cancer progression. It is an urgent need to determine the novel autophagy-associated regulators in NSCLC. Here, we found that pirin was upregulated in NSCLC, and its expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of pirin inhibited autophagy and promoted NSCLC proliferation...

The biomarker-oriented chemo-immunotherapy is useful and promising in the development of new anticancer agents, since the responders can be enriched by selecting patients with biomarkers. Compared to colorectal and lung cancers, the development of biomarker-driven molecular-targeted therapeutics for gastric cancers has been straggled. However, several new biomarkers in gastric cancers have been discovered and clinical trials in enrichment design with certain biomarkers have been conducted. Therefore, there are currently several treatment options to treat gastric cancer patients based on individual biomarker-oriented strategies...

BACKGROUND: Integrin subunit alpha L (ITGAL) encodes an integrin component of LFA-1 and is a membrane receptor molecule widely expressed on leukocytes. It plays a key role in the interaction between white blood cells and other cells. There was a significant correlation between the expression of ITGAL and the tumor microenvironment in a number of cancers. However, experimental studies targeting ITGAL and immune cell infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are lacking...

INTRODUCTION: The progression of solid cancers is manifested at the systemic level as molecular changes in the metabolome of body fluids, an emerging source of cancer biomarkers. METHODS: We analyzed quantitatively the serum metabolite profile using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiles were compared between breast cancer patients (n=112) and two groups of healthy women (from Poland and Norway; n=95 and n=112, respectively) with similar age distributions...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Accurately predicting the extent of lung tumor infiltration is crucial for improving patient survival and cure rates. This study aims to evaluate the application value of an improved CT index combined with serum biomarkers, obtained through an artificial intelligence recognition system analyzing CT features of pulmonary nodules, in early prediction of lung cancer infiltration using machine learning models. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 803 patients hospitalized for lung cancer treatment from January 2020 to December 2023 at two hospitals: Hospital 1 (Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University) and Hospital 2 (Nantong Eighth People's Hospital)...

LINK-A, also recognized as LINC01139, has emerged as a key oncological lncRNA in cancer. LINK-A is upregulated in solid and liquid tumor samples, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and mantle cell lymphoma. Notably, LINK-A is involved in regulating critical cancer-related pathways, such as AKT and HIF1α signaling, and is implicated in a range of oncogenic activities, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion and migration, and glycolysis reprogramming...

BACKGROUND: The role of glycosyltransferase (GT) genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) needs further elucidation. Thus, our study aims to identify the prognostic gene signature of LUAD and explore its molecular functions. METHODS: We initially extracted GT gene sets from the database, and obtained mRNA expression levels and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. For constructing a prognostic model for GT genes, we utilized univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses...

Conventional diagnostic methods for lung cancer, based on breath analysis using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, have limitations for fast screening due to their limited availability, operational complexity, and high cost. As potential replacement, among several low-cost and portable methods, chemoresistive sensors for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that represent biomarkers of lung cancer were explored as promising solutions, which unfortunately still face challenges. To address the key problems of these sensors, such as low sensitivity, high response time, and poor selectivity, this study presents the design of new chemoresistive sensors based on hybridised porous zeolitic imidazolate (ZIF-8) based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and laser-scribed graphene (LSG) structures, inspired by the architecture of the human lung...

The microbiome has emerged as a significant biomarker and modulator in cancer development and treatment response. Recent research highlights the notable role of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in various tumor types, including breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and lung cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that the local microbial community forms an integral component of the tumor microenvironment, with bacterial communities within tumors displaying specificity to tumor types. Mechanistic investigations indicate that tumor-associated microbiota can directly influence tumor initiation, progression, and responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Oral microbiota imbalance is associated with the progression of various lung diseases, including lung cancer. Pulmonary nodules (PNs) are often considered a critical stage for the early detection of lung cancer; however, the relationship between oral microbiota and PNs remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a 'Microbiome with pulmonary nodule series study 1' (MCEPN-1) where we compared PN patients and healthy controls (HCs), aiming to identify differences in oral microbiota characteristics and discover potential microbiota biomarkers for non-invasive, radiation-free PNs diagnosis and warning in the future...