loach

Formosaniaimmaculata , a new species, is described from the Ou-Jiang basin in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China. It is distinguished from other species of the genus by having a combination of the following characteristics: body without obvious mottling; snout length longer than postorbital length; abdominal scaleless area extending to middle of pectoral-fin base; shorter rostral barbels, the outermost pair length 112.9%-140.0% of eye diameter; and shorter lower lip papillae, length 19.9%-24.4% of eye diameter...

Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, new species, from upper Euphrates and Tigris drainages is distinguished from other species of Turcinoemacheilus in Western Asia by having roundish blotches present throughout lateral line, usually not forming a mid-lateral stripe, 5-6 mandibular pores in mandibular canal, a smaller head, a deeper body and a greater pre-pelvic distance. Our specimens collected from the upper Great Zab, near the type locality of T. kosswigi, showed notable genetic divergence (a minimum K2P of 3.3%) from sequences reported by Esmaeili et al...

The 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) motif is present in many biologically relevant, complex natural products. The cyclodipeptide substructure offers structural rigidity and stability to proteolysis that makes these compounds promising candidates for medical applications. Due to their fascinating molecular architecture, synthetic organic chemists have focused significant effort on the total synthesis of these compounds. This review covers many such efforts on the total synthesis of DKP containing complex alkaloid natural products...

The loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ), a small commercial fish that is widely cultivated for its high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acid, is a member of the genus Misgurnus and the family Cyprinidae. In this study, we gave the LPS-injected loach fermented soybean meal and used transcriptome sequencing to investigate the impact of the fermented soybean powder on the loach's immune system. 3384 up-regulated genes and 12116 down-regulated genes were found among the 15500 differentially expressed genes, according to the results...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this work are to compare the outcomes between loach guidewire and super-stiff guidewire during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and find potential indications of different guidewires. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional PCNL database from 2017 to 2021. Patients who underwent PCNL guided by loach guidewire were assigned to group A (489 patients); patients who received super-stiff guidewire were assigned to group B (269 patients)...

The application of probiotics, in aquaculture, is becoming increasingly widespread and have had positive application effects. However, reports of loach-derived probiotics are quite limited. In this study, two representative strains of lactic acid bacteria with excellent traits, namely, Weissella confusa N17 and Lactobacillus saniviri N19, were screened from the intestine of healthy loaches. W. confusa N17 and L. saniviri N19 could inhibit different common various pathogenic bacteria, especially Aeromonas spp...

The subject of this study was to explore the optimum requirements of loach ( Paramisgurnus dabryanus ) regarding dietary proteins and lipids and discuss the underlying mechanism. We designed nine diets to determine the effects of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP: 30%, 35%, and 40%) and ether extract (EE: 6%, 10%, and 14%) on the growth performance and metabolism of P. dabryanus . In total, 2160 healthy P. dabryanus (5.19 ± 0.01 g) were divided into nine groups with four replications at 60 fish per barrel stocking density...

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, also known as oriental weather loach, is widely consumed and favored in East Asia due to its superior nutritional values and excellent flavor. In this study, a crude Misgurnus anguillicaudatus carbohydrates (MAC) was isolated from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus . Subsequently, two parts, which were named MAO and MAP, respectively, were separated from MAC, and their primary structures and immunomodulatory activity were investigated. The results showed that MAO had a molecular weight of 2854 Da, and principally consisted of arabinose (77...

Lufotrelvir was designed as a first in class 3CL protease inhibitor to treat COVID-19. Development of lufotrelvir was challenged by its relatively poor stability due to its propensity to epimerize and degrade. Key elements of process development included improvement of the supply routes to the indole and lactam fragments, a Claisen addition to homologate the lactam, and a subsequent phosphorylation reaction to prepare the prodrug as well as identification of a DMSO solvated form of lufotrelvir to enable long-term storage...

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Oxynoemacheilus marmaraensis, new species, is restricted to the Susurluk River. It is distinguished from all the named species of Oxynoemacheilus in the North-western Anatolian by the flank with a vermiculate pattern and the presence of a suborbital groove in males, and no axillary lobe at base of pelvic fin. It also differs from the closest species, O. kentritensis, by 58 nucleotide substitution sites. Genetic distance is 10.49 % between O. marmaraensis and O. kentritensis. Phylogenetic analyses and species delineation tests (PTP and ASAP) support the validity of O...

The karyotype of the freshwater fish Sabanejewiabulgarica (Drensky, 1928), from the Danube Delta, was studied by conventional Giemsa staining and the C-banding technique. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50. The karyotype contained 2 pairs of metacentric (the first one was much larger than the second one), 6 pairs of submetacentric and 17 pairs of subtelocentric to acrocentric chromosomes. Pericentromeric blocks of heterochromatin were revealed in most of the chromosome pairs. The karyotype phenotype of S...

North American minnows (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) comprise a diverse taxonomic group, but many members, particularly those inhabiting deserts, face elevated extinction risks. Despite conservation concerns, leuciscids remain under sampled for reference assemblies relative to other groups of freshwater fishes. Here we present two chromosome-scale reference genome assemblies Spikedace (Meda fulgida) and Loach Minnow (Tiaroga cobitis) using PacBio, Illumina and Omni-C technologies. The complete assembly for Spikedace was 882...

This is the first study reporting parasites from the freshwater cyprinid Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) caught in Nilüfer Stream, Bursa, in the Northwest Anatolian Region of Turkey. Allocreadium bursensis n. sp. was described from the intesine of O.angorae based on morphological and genetic characteristics. Allocreadium bursensis n. sp. was differentiated from other Allocreadium spp. in having a combination of external (ventral and oral suckers ratio; body length and width and its ratio to forebody) and internal (cirrus pouch position; uterus extension in hindbody; egg size; disposition of anterior border of vitellarium; esophagus length) features...

We describe a catalytic cascade sequence involving directed C(sp3)-H activation followed by β-heteroatom elimination to generate a PdII(π-alkene) intermediate which then undergoes redox-neutral annulation with an ambiphilic aryl halide to access 5- and 6-membered (hetero)cycles. Various alkyl C(sp3)-oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur bonds can be selectively activated, and the annulation proceeds with high diastereoselectivity. The method enables modification of amino acids with good retention of enantiomeric excess, as well as σ-bond ring-opening/ring-closing transfiguration with low-strain heterocycles...

Loach, rich in nutrients, such as proteins, amino acids, and mineral elements, is being gradually favored by consumers. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant activity and structural characteristics of loach peptides were comprehensively analyzed. The loach protein (LAP) with a molecular weight between 150 and 3000 Da was graded by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration processes, which exhibited excellent scavenging activity against DPPH radical (IC50 2.91 ± 0.02 mg/mL), hydroxyl radical (IC50 9.95 ± 0...

Unreduced gametes, that are important for species evolution and agricultural development, are generally believed to be formed by meiotic defects. However, we found that male diploid loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) could produce not only haploid sperms, but also unreduced sperms, after cyclin-dependent kinase 1 gene (cdk1, one of the most important kinases in regulating cell mitosis) deletion. Observations on synaptonemal complexes of spermatocyte in prophase of meiosis and spermatogonia suggested that the number of chromosomes in some spermatogonia of cdk1-/- loach doubled, leading to unreduced diploid sperm production...

In recent years, sex-controlled breeding has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance the yields of economic animals with different growth characteristics, while increasing the economic benefits of aquaculture. It is known that the NF-κB pathway participates in gonadal differentiation and reproduction. Therefore, we used the large-scale loach as a research model for the present study and selected an effective inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway (QNZ). This, to investigates the impacts of the NF-κB signaling pathway on gonadal differentiation during a critical period of gonad development and after maturation...

Recent genomic analyses of evolutionary radiations suggest that ancient introgression may facilitate rapid diversification and adaptive radiation. The loach genus Triplophysa, a genus with most species endemic to Tibetan Plateau, shows ecological diversity and rapid evolution and represents a potential example of adaptive radiation linked to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we interrogate the complex evolutionary history of Triplophysa fishes through the analysis of whole-genome sequences. By reconstructing the phylogeny of Triplophysa, quantifying introgression across this clade, and simulating speciation and migration processes, we confirm that extensive gene flow events occurred across disparate Triplophysa species...

A new species of the genus Troglonectes is described based on specimens from a karst cave in Andong Town, Xincheng County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China. Troglonectes canlinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congener species by the following combination of characteristics: eye degenerated into a black spot; whole body covered by scales, except for the head, throat, and abdomen; incomplete lateral line; forked caudal fin; 8-10 gill rakers on the first gill arch; 13-14 branched caudal fin rays; 8-9 branched dorsal fin rays; 5-6 anal fin rays; 9-10 pectoral fin rays; upper adipose keel depth mostly 1/2 of the caudal peduncle depth; and caudal fin forked...