Xrays

Detecting defects is critical in industrial fabrication, such as pipe welding, where radiography testing (RT) is the gold standard as a non-destructive method for monitoring weld quality and weld corrosion. The extraction of seamless information from radiographic images is critical for this approach. Image processing techniques can improve the quality of radiographic images by enhancing image contrast, especially in flawed regions. In this study, a method based on Gaussian mixture models was implemented and applied to radiographs of welded objects to improve visualization and detectability...

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving in healthcare, with transformative potential. AI revolutionizes medical imaging by enabling online self-diagnosis for patients and improving diagnostic accuracy for healthcare professionals. While valuable datasets aid machine learning in disease detection, challenges persist in diagnosing similar lung conditions from chest X-rays. Integrating AI into healthcare holds promise for enhanced outcomes and efficiency. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we aim to present a new AI model that solves this challenge by allowing the differentiation, diagnosis and classification of three distinct diseases, whose symptoms are very similar...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Biliopleural fistula is a rare but serious complication after liver transplantation that should be managed nonoperatively with antibiotics, pleural drainage, decompression of high-pressure biliary tract, or ultimately surgery in unresponsive cases. ABSTRACT: Bilious pleural effusion is a rare entity often iatrogenic, following hepatobiliary surgeries and biliary interventions, and has been reported only in a limited number of patients after liver transplantation...

BACKGROUND: Dementia affects 55 million people worldwide and low muscle mass may be associated with cognitive decline. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) correlates with dual-energy Xray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analyses, yet are not routinely available. Therefore, we examined the association between MAMC and cognitive performance in older adults. METHODS: We included community-dwelling adults ≥55 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey...

The concept of a domino-type reaction has been applied in a wide range of fields such as synthetic organic chemistry, material engineering, and life science. To extend the domino concept to redox chemistry, we designed and synthesized a dimeric quinodimethane (QD) with a nonplanar dithiin spacer. The domino-redox properties can be activated by raising the temperature, based on a thermally equilibrated twisted conformation of QD, which has a higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level that is more readily oxidized...

Integrated use of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with positron emission tomography (PET) has many potential clinical applications. However, the integration would either require costly hardware upgrade or increase radiation dose on PET/CT scanners due to the need for an additional Xray CT scan. The recently proposed PET-enabled DECT method enables DECT imaging on PET/CT without requiring the second X-ray CT scan. It combines the already-existing low-energy X-ray CT image with a 511 keV {\gamma}-ray CT (gCT) image reconstructed from time-of-flight PET emission data...

OBJECTIVES: Quantitatively define the radiographic locations of the major soft-tissue attachments about the elbow. METHODS: In 10 cadaveric elbows, the attachments of the medial ulnar collateral ligament, lateral ulnar collateral ligament, annular ligament, triceps, and biceps were marked with radiopaque spheres. Measurements were made on calibrated AP and lateral fluoroscopic images from known osseous landmarks. RESULTS: On AP radiographs; the anterior bundle of the MUCL (aMUCL) measured 28...

Automated radiology report generation is gaining popularity as a means to alleviate the workload of radiologists and prevent misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses. By imitating the working patterns of radiologists, previous report generation approaches have achieved remarkable performance. However, these approaches suffer from two significant problems: (1) lack of visual prior: medical observations in radiology images are interdependent and exhibit certain patterns, and lack of such visual prior can result in reduced accuracy in identifying abnormal regions; (2) lack of alignment between images and texts: the absence of annotations and alignments for regions of interest in the radiology images and reports can lead to inconsistent visual and textual features of the abnormal regions generated by the model...

OBJECTIVE: To establish a 3D/2D registration method for preoperative CT and intra-operative X-ray images in imageguided spine surgery. METHODS: We propose a 3D/2D registration algorithm based on 3D image reconstruction. The algorithm performs 3D image reconstruction of 2D orthogonal view X-ray images, thus converting the problem into 3D/3D registration. By constructing an end-to-end framework that combines the two tasks of reconstruction and registration, the geodesic distance is measured in the 3D manifold space to complete the registration...

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive approaches to the spine via anterior and posterior approaches have been increasing in popularity, culminating in the development of robot-assisted spinal fusions. The da Vinci surgical robot has been utilized for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with promising results. Similarly, multiple spinal robots have been developed to assist placement of posterior pedicle screws. However, no prior cases have reported on using robots for both anterior and posterior fixation in a single surgery...

In recent years, neural networks have made pioneering achievements in the field of medical imaging. In particular, deep neural networks based on U-shaped structures are widely used in different medical image segmentation tasks. In order to improve the early diagnosis and clinical decision-making system of lung diseases, it has become a key step to use the neural network for lung segmentation to assist in positioning and observing the shape. There is still the problem of low precision. For the sake of achieving better segmentation accuracy, an optimized pure Transformer U-shaped segmentation is proposed in this article...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the perspective of caregivers as it pertains to their children having xrays performed. This study sought to identify which factors contribute to the varying views that caregivers have toward giving their children x-rays. METHODS: The data was collected through an anonymous survey administered during visits to the pediatric orthopedic surgery clinic. The survey was completed by the patient's parent, guardian, or caregiver, and was administered by a treating physician...

Ankles are the most common site of injury in lower limb fractures. Despite this, the classification of the Maisonneuve fracture is still highly controversial, perhaps due to its low incidence. Typically described as a proximal fibular fracture with associated injury to the syndesmosis and medial structures secondary to an external rotation mechanism, the injury often necessitates surgical intervention to restore joint stability for good functional outcomes. A 32-year-old lady sustained a pronation external rotation injury resulting in a proximal fibula fracture with disruption of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis as well as an associated posterior malleolar fracture with displacement of the fragment anteriorly through the syndesmosis to the ventral aspect of the ankle joint...

UNLABELLED: A foreign body(FB) is any object in a region it is not meant to be, where it can cause harm by its mere presence if immediate medical attention is not sought. Foreign body is particularly common in the pediatric population especially below 5 years of age and in whom prevalence was reported to vary between 57% and 80%. Endoscopic interventions are indicated when the foreign objects fail to pass spontaneously. The standard methods to remove these foreign bodies include push technique and retrieval methods using various endoscopic instruments...

INTRODUCTION: A well-established method does not exist to rule out a small bowel obstruction using an abdominal xray series with significant accuracy. The hypothesis of the study is that the ratio of an average small bowel diameter to lumbar spine diameter over 0.5 is most likely a small bowel obstruction. METHODS: An x-ray abdominal series measurement technique was applied to 41 subjects with a chief complaint of "abdominal pain" as part of a randomized retrospective case review to predict an obstruction v...

In accordance with the inability of various hair artefacts subjected to dermoscopic medical images, undergoing illumination challenges that include chest-Xray featuring conditions of imaging acquisi-tion situations built with clinical segmentation. The study proposed a novel deep-convolutional neural network (CNN)-integrated methodology for applying medical image segmentation upon chest-Xray and dermoscopic clinical images. The study develops a novel technique of segmenting medical images merged with CNNs with an architectural comparison that incorporates neural networks of U-net and fully convolutional networks (FCN) schemas with loss functions associated with Jaccard distance and Binary-cross entropy under optimised stochastic gradient descent + Nesterov practices...

COVID-19 is a highly transmissible infectious disease that remains a substantial challenge. The utilization of chest radiology, particularly X-ray imaging, has proven to be highly effective, easily accessible, and cost-efficient in detecting COVID-19. A dataset named COVID-Xray-5k, consisting of imbalanced X-ray images of COVID-19-positive and normal subjects, is employed for investigation. The research introduces a novel methodology that utilizes conventional machine learning (ML), such as local binary patterns (LBP) for feature extraction and support vector machines (SVM) for classification...

BACKGROUND: Computer aided diagnosis has gained momentum in the recent past. The advances in deep learning and availability of huge volumes of data along with increased computational capabilities has reshaped the diagnosis and prognosis procedures. OBJECTIVE: These methods are proven to be relatively less expensive and safer alternatives of the otherwise traditional approaches. This study is focused on efficient diagnosis of three very common diseases: lung cancer, pneumonia and Covid-19 using X-ray images...

OBJECTIVE: Fiber Optic RealShape (FORS) is a new technology that visualises the full three dimensional (3D) shape of guidewires using an optical fibre embedded in the device. Co-registering FORS guidewires with anatomical images, such as a digital subtraction angiography (DSA), provides anatomical context for navigating these devices during endovascular procedures. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and usability of visualising compatible conventional navigation catheters, together with the FORS guidewire, in phantom with a new 3D Hub technology and to understand potential clinical benefits...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Computed tomography-based vertebral attenuation values (CT-based HU) have been shown to correlate with T-scores on DEXA scan; and have been acknowledged as an independent factor for predicting fragility fractures. Most patients undergoing lumbar surgeries require CT as part of their preoperative evaluation. PURPOSE: The current study was thus planned to evaluate the role of lumbar CT as an opportunistic investigation in determining BMD preoperatively in patients undergoing lumbar fusion...