Myopia

The purpose of this study was to describe a case and clinical course of simultaneous anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (AC-pIOL) removal, implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular implantable collamer lens (ICL), and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). This was a case report of a 44-year-old male with a unilateral decompensated cornea from a displaced Duet-Kelman lens on his left eye that underwent pIOL extraction and implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular ICL and simultaneous DMEK...

BACKGROUND: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious condition that occurs when the retina detaches from its underlying retinal pigment epithelium. RRDs associated with giant retinal tears (GRTs) are caused by retinal tears at least 90° or one-quarter of the circumferential extent. This scoping review systematically identifies and summarizes clinical studies evaluating surgical techniques for the management of GRT-related RRDs, discusses functional and visual outcomes and the risk factors affecting treatment outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Among sex chromosome aneuploidies, 48, XXYY syndrome is a rare variant. This condition is marked by the existence of an additional X and Y chromosome in males, leading to a diverse range of physical, neurocognitive, behavioral, and psychological manifestations. Typical characteristics include a tall stature and infertility. Other phenotypes include congenital heart defects, skeletal anomalies, tremors, obesity, as well as the potential for type 2 diabetes and/or peripheral vascular disease...

We report the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with an acute myopic shift as a result of uveal effusion following a single administration of 250 mg acetazolamide. The drug was discontinued and following cycloplegia and topical steroid therapy, we observed progressive deepening of the anterior chamber, reopening of the iridocorneal angle, and complete resolution of the myopic shift after 5 days. A literature review since 1956 identified 23 cases, including ours, which developed a myopic shift after a median time of 24 h (3 - 24) following a median dose of 500 mg (125 - 1000) acetazolamide, with about a third complicated by angle closure ocular hypertension...

The PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt (MP; Santen Inc., Osaka, Japan) is a minimally invasive bleb surgery (MIBS) manufactured to treat primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), with lower postoperative adverse effects than with conventional filtering surgeries. We describe here the case study of a 58-year-old woman who presented with bilateral severe myopia with bilateral advanced POAG and unreached target pressure under quadritherapy, who was successfully managed by PM surgery. A review of the literature completes our observation...

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The current understanding of clinical approaches and barriers in managing childhood myopia among Indian optometrists is limited. This research underscores the necessity and relevance of evidence-based practice guidelines by exploring their knowledge, attitude, and practice towards childhood myopia. A self-administered internet-based 26-item survey was circulated online among practicing optometrists in India. The questions assessed the demographics, knowledge, self-reported clinical practice behavior, barriers, source of information guiding their management, and extent of adult caregiver engagement for childhood myopia...

BACKGROUND: Myopia management contact lenses have been shown to successfully decrease the rate of eye elongation in children by changing the peripheral refractive profile of the retina. Despite the efforts of the scientific community, the retinal response mechanism to defocus is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the local electrophysiological response of the retina with a myopia control contact lens (CL) compared to a single-vision CL of the same material. METHODS: The retinal electrical activity and peripheral refraction of 16 eyes (16 subjects, 27...

INTRODUCTION: Myopia is causing a major public health concern, with its prevalence increasing globally. This study aimed to discuss posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) research publication trends and hotspots over the past 20 years. METHODS: Bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web Science Core Collection to investigate posterior-chamber pIOL research publication trends. The extracted records were analyzed, and a knowledge map was built using VOSviewer v...

AIM: To evaluate the objective visual outcomes following implantation of extended depth of focus intraocular lens (EDOF IOL) in individuals with varying axial lengths (AL) and targeted refraction. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised age-matched eyes that underwent implantation of the EDOF IOL. Eyes were categorized based on AL into groups: control group with AL < 26 mm; high myopia group with AL ≥ 26 mm. Each group was then subdivided based on postoperative spherical equivalent (SE)...

BACKGROUND: The precision of anterior segment biometric measurements in eyes has become increasingly important in refractive surgery. The purpose of this study is to assess the repeatability of the automatic measurements provided by a new spectral-domain optical coherence tomograph (SD-OCT)/Placido topographer (MS-39, CSO) and its agreement with a swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) biometer (CASIA SS-1000, Tomey) in patients with myopia. METHODS: The right eye of 235 subjects was scanned 3 times with both devices...

PURPOSE: Retinal and optic nerve diseases have become the primary cause of irreversible vision loss and blindness. However, there is still a lack of thorough evaluation regarding their prevalence in China. METHODS: This artificial intelligence-based national screening study applied a previously developed deep learning algorithm, named the Retinal Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis System (RAIDS). De-identified personal medical records from January 2019 to December 2021 were extracted from 65 examination centers in 19 provinces of China...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between myopia and longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: A total of 1069 participants with a median follow-up time of 1.9 years were included in this study. The participants were categorized into four groups based on the presence of myopia (≤ -0.5 diopter [D]) and diabetes without DR, including a control group ( n  = 412), diabetes group ( n  = 416), myopia group ( n  = 115), and diabetes + myopia group ( n  = 126)...

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss and comprises a group of chronic optic neuropathies characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Various etiologies, including impaired blood supply to the optic nerve, have been implicated for glaucoma pathogenesis. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging modality for visualizing the ophthalmic microvasculature. Using blood flow as an intrinsic contrast agent, it distinguishes blood vessels from the surrounding tissue...

Myopia, the most prevalent eye condition, has sparked notable interest regarding its origin and prevention. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA strands typically consisting of 18-24 nucleotides. They play a central role in post-transcriptional gene regulation and are closely associated with both normal and pathological processes in organisms. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have provided novel insights into miRNA expression and its regulatory role in myopia. This review discusses the distinct expression patterns, regulatory functions, and potential pathways of miRNAs involved in the onset and progression of myopia...

BACKGROUND: Plusoptix photoscreeners are capable of measuring refractive errors of children from 1 meter distance, without cyloplegia. We aimed to compare refractive data obtained from the newest version of Plusoptix (model 12) with cycloplegic autorefraction. METHODS: We examined 111 consecutive children aged 3-7 years first by Plusoptix A12C under manifest condition and subsequently for cycloplegic refraction by Topcon KR-1 tabletop autorefractometer. Sphere, spherical equivalent, cylinder and axis of astigmatism measured by the two methods were analyzed to determine correlation, agreement and differences...

BACKGROUND: Concerns remain over the long-term safety of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). RAINBOW is an open label randomised trial comparing intravitreal ranibizumab (in 0.2 mg and 0.1 mg doses) with laser therapy in very low birthweight infants (<1500 g) with ROP. METHODS: Of 201 infants completing RAINBOW, 180 were enrolled in the RAINBOW Extension Study. At 5 years, children underwent ophthalmic, development and health assessments...

AIM: To analyze the distribution of refractive status in school-age children with different corneal curvatures (CC) and the correlation between CC and refractive status. METHODS: A total of 2214 school-aged children of grade 4 in Hangzhou who were screened for school myopia were included. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), non-cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), horizontal and vertical corneal curvature (K1 , K2 ) were measured and spherical equivalent (SE), corneal curvature radius (CCR) and axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio (AL/CR) were calculated...

Improving corporate green technology innovation is a key link in achieving green transformation and development. Compared with formal environmental regulations that force companies to carry out green innovation passively, ESG ratings under soft environmental regulations can better stimulate the internal motivation of companies. This study uses the ESG ratings of listed companies published for the first time by SynTao Green Finance as an exogenous impact. Taking China's A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2022 as a research sample, the multi-period differences-in-differences model was used to empirically test the impact of ESG rating soft supervision on corporate green technology innovation...

Animal models are critical for understanding the initiation and progression of myopia, a refractive condition that causes blurred distance vision. The prevalence of myopia is rapidly increasing worldwide, and myopia increases the risk of developing potentially blinding diseases. Current pharmacological, optical, and environmental interventions attenuate myopia progression in children, but it is still unclear how this occurs or how these interventions can be improved to increase their protective effects. To optimize myopia interventions, directed mechanistic studies are needed...