Millennium oncology

BACKGROUND/AIM: To assess the impact of the width of multileaf collimator (MLC) on dose distributions on HyperArc fractionated stereotactic irradiation for multiple (5-10) brain metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one HyperArc (HA) plans were generated using the high definition (HD) MLC (2.5 mm) to deliver 30-35 Gy in 3-5 fractions (HA-HD). The HyperArc plans using Millennium (ML) MLC (5 mm) were retrospectively generated (HA-ML) using the same planning parameters with HA-HD...

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma with the introduction of PET-adapted regimens, practical challenges prevent more widespread use of these approaches. The ECHELON-1 study assessed the safety and efficacy of front-line A+AVD (brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) versus ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) in patients with stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The primary analysis showed improved modified progression-free survival with A+AVD...

During the past century, from the advent of preclinical modeling to the establishment of clinical trials, the hypothesis that host defenses regulate tumor growth (posited and refined by leaders in the field of cancer immunity) has become accepted as a scientific pillar in oncology. Since the turn of the millennium, a search has been under way for the best therapeutic approach to reprogram the immune system to recognize tumor cells that have undergone "immune escape." This quest has led some to question conventional scientific views of tumor cell kill, including the role of host immunity in patients treated with radiation therapy...

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a leading cause of death in both more and less economically developed countries; the burden is expected to grow in less developed countries, such as Ethiopia. Lack of adequate information is one of the major problems preventing the design of cancer control strategies in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To characterize gynecological and breast cancers among clients attending Gynecologic clinic of Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical college over 5 year period...

BACKGROUND: Increased aurora A kinase (AAK) expression occurs in acute myeloid leukaemia; AAK inhibition is a promising therapeutic target in this disease. We therefore aimed to assess the activity of alisertib combined with 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia. METHODS: We did a single-arm, phase 2 trial of patients recruited from the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center in the USA. Eligible patients had previously untreated acute myeloid leukaemia, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2, and were at high risk of disease as defined by the presence of an adverse-risk karyotype, the presence of secondary acute myeloid leukaemia arising from previous myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm, the presence of therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia, or being 65 years or older...

Kumar: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Straus:Hope Funds for Cancer Research: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Elsevier (PracticeUpdate): Consultancy, Honoraria. Palomba:Hemedicus: Other: Immediate Family Member, Speakers Bureau ; Merck & Co Inc.: Other: Immediate Family Member, Consultancy (includes expert testimony); Seres Therapeutics: Other: Immediate Family Member, Equity Ownership and Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; STRAXIMM: Other: Immediate Family Member, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite Pharmaceuticals: Other: Immediate Family Member, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Noble Insights: Consultancy; Evelo: Other: Immediate family member, Equity Ownership; MSK (IP for Juno and Seres): Other: Immediate Family Member, Patents & Royalties - describe: intellectual property rights ...

DISCLOSURES: Schuster: Novartis: Honoraria, Patents & Royalties: Combination CAR-T and PD-1 Inhibitors, Research Funding; Nordic Nanovector: Consultancy, Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Acerta: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Loxo Oncology: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding...

OBJECTIVES: Sustained changes in resuscitation and transfusion management have been observed since the turn of the millennium, along with an ongoing discussion of surgical management strategies. The aims of this study are threefold: a) to evaluate the objective changes in resuscitation and mass transfusion protocols undertaken in major level I trauma centers; b) to summarize the improvements in diagnostic options for early risk profiling in multiply injured patients and c) to assess the improvements in surgical treatment for acute major fractures in the multiply injured patient...

The medical history of cancer began millennia ago. Historical findings of patients with cancer date back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations, where this disease was predominantly treated with radical surgery and cautery that were often ineffective, leading to the death of patients. Over the centuries, important discoveries allowed to identify the biological and pathological features of tumors, without however contributing to the development of effective therapeutic approaches until the end of the 1800s, when the discovery of X-rays and their use for the treatment of tumors provided the first modern therapeutic approach in medical oncology...

Ixazomib (Ninlaro® capsule) is an oral small molecule 20S proteasome inhibitor created by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc (Takeda Oncology Company). Ubiquitin proteasome system is a major regulatory system for maintaining protein homeostasis, and an important mechanism for degrading proteins, such as those involved in proliferation regulation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, in cells. Ixazomib selectively and reversibly binds to the β5 subunit of the 20S proteasome, inhibits its chymotrypsin-like activity, and thereby accumulates ubiquitinated proteins...

Numerous outstanding summarizing publications on the milestones of the rapid development of liver surgery in the twentieth century came to light around the year 2000, therefore in this summary only the newest principles and novelties of liver surgery after the second millennium are presented. Among the new principles, the newest indications, the bloodless surgery and the vascular exclusion of the liver, the "associating liver partition and portal vein occlusion for staged hepatectomy" (ALPPS) - as presently the fastest and most successful method for liver regeneration, and the "downsizing of tumors" treatment for the interest of resection of unresectable tumours are analyzed and evaluated...

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Europe and Hungary. In 2010, 10 557 new cases were registered in Hungary; 80-85% of these cases were associated with smoking. AIM: In our work we analyzed the data of lung cancer patients of the last 15 years retrospectively. METHOD: We examined the demographic characteristics, the histological type, the stage of the lung cancer, the type of the surgical procedure used, other supplemental treatment and survival retrospectively...

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women and the spinal column is most likely affected by metastases. Modern oncologic treatment options have significantly prolonged survival times in the last decade. Therefore, treatment of vertebral metastases has been of special interest in spine surgery. Different scores are described to evaluate prognosis and to choose correct treatment strategies, which however only differentiate tumor entities and not specific tumor phenotypes. Breast cancer has been classified into five intrinsic subtypes with different survival rates since the turn of the millennium...

Unfortunately there have been no positive changes in the main indicators of cancer incidence in Hungarian population since the turn of the millennium. The main goal of psycho-oncologic treatment is to provide the highest possible quality of life to the patient. The prevalence of mental disorders in cancer patients is high and it is accompanied by a rather small number of qualified staff. Thus, the remedy might be the identification of high-risk patients, i.e. the systematic psycho-oncologic screening. Hungary is still lacking a unified screening method that involves all oncologic treatment-providing units...

Colchicine is a treatment for gout that has been used for more than a millennium. It is the treatment of choice for familial Mediterranean fever and its associated complication, amyloidosis. The 2009 U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of colchicine as a new drug had research consequences. Recent investigations with large cohorts of patients with gout who have been taking colchicine for years have demonstrated novel applications within oncology, immunology, cardiology and dermatology. Some emerging dermatological uses include the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, leucocytoclastic vasculitis, aphthous stomatitis and others...

The era of chemotherapy, which started in the middle of the last century, has been ruled by the routine use of dose-intense protocols, based on the "maximum-tolerated dose" concept. By promoting a balance between patient's quality of life and the goal of rapidly killing as many tumour cells as possible, these protocols still play a prominent role in veterinary oncology. However, with the opening of a new millennium, metronomic chemotherapy (MC) started to be considered a possible alternative to traditional dose-intense chemotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is a reference treatment for patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. The combination of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone has shown significant efficacy in the setting of newly diagnosed myeloma. We aimed to study whether the addition of bortezomib to lenalidomide and dexamethasone would improve progression-free survival and provide better response rates in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who were not planned for immediate autologous stem-cell transplant...

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is an incurable B-cell malignancy with a natural history that involves alternating periods of remission and subsequent relapse. For relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), the typical patient currently receives more lines of therapy than has been feasible in the past, translating into longer progression-free survival (PFS). Consequently, cost issues have become more prominent because patients may be offered newer and more expensive therapies during a more prolonged overall treatment course...

The Internet is a valuable tool that continues to revolutionize many aspects of our lives; however, the ability to disseminate diverse data across populations and nations presents both opportunities and challenges. Online resources are increasingly used in health care, providing wider access to information for patients, researchers, and clinicians. At the turn of the millennium, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) predicted that Internet-based technologies would create a revolution in communication for oncology professionals and patients with cancer...

Background In the 1990s outcomes in Danish lung cancer patients were poor compared with the other Nordic countries. The five-year survival was only about 5%, only 10% of patients were operated on and less than 60% received active surgical or oncologic treatment. This paper describes trends in mortality and survival of lung cancer in Denmark from 2000 to 2012. Methods The study population comprised 52 435 patients with a diagnosis of cancer of the trachea and the lung, primarily ascertained from the Danish Lung Cancer Register and grouped into three cohorts by year of diagnosis...