Coronary calcification

Context: The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is known to be correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To analyze the association between incident coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the changes in the HGI in participants without diabetes, over 4 years. Design: Setting, and Participants: A retrospective study of two-thousand-and-fifty-two participants in whom the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was measured repeatedly over 4 years, as part of a health check-up program in Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, and had no CAC at the baseline...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and vascular calcification in uremic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The general data of included subjects were collected, and the serum AOPP, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), creatinine (Cre), Urea, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C), hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (ALB) were detected...

OBJECTIVE: Excess deposition of fat within and around vital organs and nonadipose tissues is hypothesized to contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We evaluated the association of abdominal intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) volume with coronary artery calcification in CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We measured IMAT in the abdominal muscles, visceral adipose tissue and pericardial adipose tissue, and coronary artery calcification using computed tomography in 3051 CARDIA participants (56% women) at the CARDIA year 25 examination (2010-2011)...

OBJECTIVE: Overexpression of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in endothelium leads to arterial calcification in mice. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of elevated endothelial TNAP on coronary atherosclerosis. In addition, we aimed to examine endogenous TNAP activity in human myocardium. APPROACH AND RESULTS: A vascular pattern of TNAP activity was observed in human non-failing, ischemic, and idiopathic dilated hearts (5 per group); no differences were noted between groups in this study...

BACKGROUND: Among patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion (CTO-PCI), patients on long-term hemodialysis are at significantly high risk for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, clinical or angiographic predictors that might aid in better patient selection remain unclear. We aimed to assess the acute impact of hemodialysis in patients who underwent CTO-PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Retrograde Summit registry is a multicenter, prospective registry of patients undergoing CTO-PCI at 65 Japanese centers...

Introduction This article summarises the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand position statement on coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring. CAC scoring is a non-invasive method for quantifying coronary artery calcification using computed tomography. It is a marker of atherosclerotic plaque burden and the strongest independent predictor of future myocardial infarction and mortality. CAC scoring provides incremental risk information beyond traditional risk calculators such as the Framingham Risk Score...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate a prototype dual-energy computed tomography calcium subtraction algorithm and its impact on luminal visualization in patients with heavily calcified coronary arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients (62% male; mean age, 64 ± 7 years) who had undergone dual-energy coronary computed tomography angiography were retrospectively included in this institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study...

Shuyu Yiban decoction(SYYB) has significant effect in treating the patients with coronary heart disease combined with chronic psychological stress. In this study, in order to observe the effects of SYYB on early formation of atherosclerosis(As) and inflammation response induced by chronic psychological stress, high-fat diet+intraperitoneal injections of Vitamin D3 were given to establish As early lesion models, and based on these models, chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) was used to observe whether the chronic psychological stress could increase coronary atherosclerotic lesions investigate the intervention effect of SYYB(6...

Background: The objective of the study was to determine whether plasma biomarkers of kidney injury improve the prediction of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) over a period of 12 years. Methods: Participants ( n  = 527, 53% females) in the Coronary Artery Calcification in T1D (CACTI) Study were examined during 2002-04, at a mean (± standard deviation) age of 39.6 ± 9.0 years with 24.8 years as the median duration of diabetes...

OBJECTIVE: The histological characteristics of plaque may affect the hemodynamic outcome of a given coronary stenosis. In particular, the potential effect of volumetric calcium content and the topographical distribution in the lesion segment on physiological outcome has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to identify any potential correlation between patterns of calcification and the fractional flow reserve (FFR) and the coronary remodeling index (RMI). METHODS: A total of 26 stable angina pectoris and 34 acute coronary syndrome patients without persistent ST-segment elevation constituted the study population...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of the calcification remodeling index (RI) as assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) to predict the presence of severe coronary stenosis in atherosclerotic coronary lesions with moderate to severe calcification. METHODS: Patients who underwent coronary CTA and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within one month and had moderately to severely calcified lesions as revealed by coronary CTA, were retrospectively included...

To elucidate age-related changes of the sinoatrial (sinuatrial) nodal (SAN) artery, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the SAN artery by direct chemical analysis. In addition, the effects of different arterial origins, arterial sizes, and genders on element accumulation were investigated in the SAN artery. Fifty-nine formalin-fixed adult Thai hearts were dissected, and the following three types of the SAN artery were found: The first type was a single SAN artery arising from the right coronary artery (RCA)...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify positive and negative predictors of technical and clinical success for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusions (CTO). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2016 analysing rates of CTO PCI success with respect to demographic and angiographic characteristics. Crude ORs and 95% CIs for each predictor were calculated using a random effects model...

BACKGROUND: The association of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) seems to differ by gender. However, few studies have controlled for body size, and the ideal method for body size indexing has not been explored. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the effect of gender related-body size and-body fat differences on the association of EAT with CAC. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort of 371 severe aortic stenosis patients (77±8...

The monorail Guidezilla guide extension catheter was designed to provide additional backup and facilitate device delivery in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for complex coronary anatomy such as chronic total occlusion (CTO), extreme vessel tortuosity, diseased bypass grafts, and anomalous coronary arteries, among others.The present retrospective, single-center study included 188 consecutive patients who underwent PCI using the Guidezilla catheter from March 2015 to August 2016. Study outcomes were rates of target lesion crossing success, procedural success, and complications...

OBJECTIVE: There are no data comparing the relationship between coronary artery calcification and self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and urinary cotinine or self-reported smoking status in Korean adults. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Study participants included 22 797 individuals (19 181 men; mean age±SD 39.2±7.1 years) who were enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study and Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study between 2011 and 2013, and who had urinary cotinine and CAC measurements...

BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine the frequency of large lipid-rich plaques (LRP) in the coronary arteries of individuals with high coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) and to determine whether the CACS correlates with coronary lipid burden. METHODS AND RESULTS: Combined near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound was performed in 57 vessels in 20 asymptomatic individuals (90% on statins) with no prior history of coronary artery disease who had a screening CACS ≥300 Agatston units...

BACKGROUND: Reflux esophagitis (RE) and coronary heart disease (CHD) have common risk factors, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between RE and the future CHD risk. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 8,221 participants who were ≥20 years old, and who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and coronary computed tomography (CT) scans during the same visit and subsequent CT scans between 2003 and 2013...

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by extensive arterial wall matrix protein degradation. Cysteine protease cathepsins play a pivotal role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis-based cardiovascular diseases. An imbalance in expression between cathepsins (such as cathepsins S, K, L, C) and their inhibitor cystatin C may favor proteolysis of ECM in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, restenosis, and neovascularization...

BACKGROUND: The comparative efficacy of second-generation (G2) vs. first-generation (G1) drug-eluting stents (DES) for calcified coronary lesions is unknown.Methods and Results:We compared the 3-year clinical outcomes of patients with G1- or G2-DES according to the presence or absence of calcified coronary lesions as assessed in an angiographic core laboratory using data from 2 large-scale prospective multicenter randomized trials, RESET and NEXT. G1-DES and G2-DES were implanted in 299 and 1,033 patients, respectively, in the Calc stratum (≥1 lesion with moderate/severe calcification), and 1,208 and 3,550 patients, respectively, in the Non-calc stratum (no/mild calcification)...