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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joanne B Newbury, Jon Heron, James B Kirkbride, Andrew Boyd, Richard Thomas, Stanley Zammit, Helen L Fisher, Ioannis Bakolis
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that air pollution exposure contributes to the development of mental health problems, including psychosis and depression. However, little is known about the importance of early-life exposure, nor the potential role of noise pollution, a correlate of air pollution. We examined the association of exposure to air and noise pollution from pregnancy to age 12 years with three mental health problems assessed at ages 12, 18, and 24 years. METHODS: Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which tracks the development of about 14 000 babies who had expected delivery dates between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992, in Avon, UK...
April 2024: Lancet. Planetary Health
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alex I Halpern, Margaret Klein, Benjamin McSweeney, Hoang-Viet Tran, Sangrag Ganguli, Victoria Haney, Salem I Noureldine, Khashayar Vaziri, Hope T Jackson, Juliet Lee
BACKGROUND: Groin hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures and is often performed by surgical interns and junior residents. While traditionally performed open, minimally invasive (MIS) groin hernia repair has become an increasingly popular approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the trends in MIS and open inguinal and femoral hernia repair in general surgery residency training over the past two decades. METHODS: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) national case log data of general surgery residents from 1999 through 2022 were reviewed...
April 17, 2024: Surgical Endoscopy
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca R Valentino, William J Scotton, Shanu F Roemer, Tammaryn Lashley, Michael G Heckman, Maryam Shoai, Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco, Nicole Tamvaka, Ronald L Walton, Matthew C Baker, Hannah L Macpherson, Raquel Real, Alexandra I Soto-Beasley, Kin Mok, Tamas Revesz, Elizabeth A Christopher, Michael DeTure, William W Seeley, Edward B Lee, Matthew P Frosch, Laura Molina-Porcel, Tamar Gefen, Javier Redding-Ochoa, Bernardino Ghetti, Andrew C Robinson, Christopher Kobylecki, James B Rowe, Thomas G Beach, Andrew F Teich, Julia L Keith, Istvan Bodi, Glenda M Halliday, Marla Gearing, Thomas Arzberger, Christopher M Morris, Charles L White, Naguib Mechawar, Susana Boluda, Ian R MacKenzie, Catriona McLean, Matthew D Cykowski, Shih-Hsiu J Wang, Caroline Graff, Rashed M Nagra, Gabor G Kovacs, Giorgio Giaccone, Manuela Neumann, Lee-Cyn Ang, Agostinho Carvalho, Huw R Morris, Rosa Rademakers, John A Hardy, Dennis W Dickson, Jonathan D Rohrer, Owen A Ross
BACKGROUND: Pick's disease is a rare and predominantly sporadic form of frontotemporal dementia that is classified as a primary tauopathy. Pick's disease is pathologically defined by the presence in the frontal and temporal lobes of Pick bodies, composed of hyperphosphorylated, three-repeat tau protein, encoded by the MAPT gene. MAPT has two distinct haplotypes, H1 and H2; the MAPT H1 haplotype is the major genetic risk factor for four-repeat tauopathies (eg, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration), and the MAPT H2 haplotype is protective for these disorders...
May 2024: Lancet Neurology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A M Yohannes, R Casaburi, S Dryden, N A Hanania
BACKGROUND: Anxiety is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is little evidence available regarding gender differences, and severity of dyspnea in relation to anxiety in patients with COPD. AIMS: We examined gender differences and the association of dyspnea with anxiety in a cohort of patients with COPD prior to entering a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program. METHOD: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of COPD patients who attended PR from 2013 to 2019 in Lytham, Lancashire, UK...
April 15, 2024: Respiratory Medicine
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina L Cui, Roberto S Loanzon, Lauren N West-Livingston, Dawn M Coleman, Chandler A Long, Young Kim
BACKGROUND: Racial and ethnic disparities have been well-described among surgical specialties, however, variations in underrepresented minority (URiM) representation between these specialties have not previously been quantified. METHODS: Data collected from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) annual reports were used to derive the Diversity of Surgical Trainee Index (DoSTI) metric, which was calculated as the proportion of URiM resident and fellow physicians within a given surgical specialty, relative to the overall proportion of URiM trainees within all surgical and non-surgical ACGME-accredited programs in the same academic year...
April 15, 2024: Journal of Vascular Surgery
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Etienne Fortanier, Marc Adrien Hostin, Constance Michel, Emilien Delmont, Marc-Emmanuel Bellemare, Maxime Guye, David Bendahan, Shahram Attarian
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intramuscular fat fraction (FF) assessed using quantitative MRI (qMRI) has emerged as one of the few responsive outcome measures in CMT1A suitable for future clinical trials. This study aimed to identify the relevance of multiple qMRI biomarkers for tracking longitudinal changes in CMT1A and to assess correlations between MRI metrics and clinical parameters. METHODS: qMRI was performed in CMT1A patients at 2 time points, a year apart, and various metrics were extracted from 3-dimensional volumes of interest at thigh and leg levels...
May 14, 2024: Neurology
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jason Payne-James, Grace Payne-James, Rossana Cecchi, Denis Cusack, Eva Keller, Bertrand Ludes, Burkhard Madea, Marika Väli, Duarte Nuno Vieira, Antti Sajantila
The European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) is the body established in 1992 to represent practitioners forensic & legal medicine and is composed of delegates of the countries of the European Union (EU) and from other countries which form part of Europe to a current total of 34 member countries. The aims of this study were to determine the current status of undergraduate forensic & legal medicine teaching in the curriculum of medical studies in ECLM countries and to use the results of this study to determine whether it would be appropriate to develop new guidelines and standards for harmonising the content of undergraduate forensic medicine training across ECLM member countries...
April 17, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kate V Meriwether, Shunaha Kim-Fine, Tova Ablove, Arthur Ollendorff, Lindsay E Dale, Jamie W Krashin, William D Winkelman, Francisco Orejuela, Donna Mazloomdoost, Cara L Grimes, A Jenna Beckham, Katie Propst, Maria E Florian-Rodriguez, Jema K Turk, Olivia H Chang, Sarah Horvath, Stephanie T Ros, Catrina C Crisp, Timothy R Petersen, Cheryl B Iglesia
Objectives: We aimed to describe obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) trainees' anticipation of how the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (Dobbs) U.S. Supreme Court decision may affect their training. Methods: A REDCap survey of OBGYN residents and fellows in the United States from September 19, 2022, to December 1, 2022, queried trainees' anticipated achievement of relevant Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) training milestones, their concerns about the ability to provide care and concern about legal repercussions during training, and the importance of OBGYN competence in managing certain clinical situations for residency graduates...
April 17, 2024: Journal of Women's Health
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura E Chiel, Erica L Stevens, Lara C Bishay, Melanie S Collins, Jennifer A Rama, Laura Edgar, Sydney McLean, Ida Haynes, Hiren Muzumdar, Pnina Weiss, Debra Boyer, B Louise Giles
Pediatric pulmonology fellowship training programs are required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education to report Pediatric Subspecialty Milestones biannually to track fellow progress. However, several issues, such as lack of subspecialty-specific context and ambiguous language, have raised concerns about their validity and applicability to use for fellow assessment and curriculum development. In this Perspective, we briefly share the process of the Pediatric Pulmonology Milestones 2.0 Work Group in creating new specialty-specific Milestones and tailoring information on the Harmonized Milestones to pediatric pulmonologists, with the goal of improving the Milestones' utility for stakeholders, including pulmonology fellows, faculty, program directors, and accrediting bodies...
March 2024: ATS scholar
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah C Cavallaro, Sara Schutzman, Joyce Li, Martin Pusic
BACKGROUND: Currently, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education requires time-based pediatric experiences for emergency medicine (EM) residents in both pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) and critical care settings. The American Board of Emergency Medicine has published the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, which is a list of content an EM resident should learn. However, this list is large and without prioritization and therefore can be difficult to incorporate into time-limited curricula...
April 2024: AEM Education and Training
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shicai Fan, Yilan Liao, Zhipeng Xiao, Yuhui Chen, Tao Li, Qiguang Mai, Sheqiang Chen, Haibo Xiang, Zhiyong Hou, Yingze Zhang
PURPOSE: To introduce anterior peri-sacroiliac joint osteotomy (APSJO) through the lateral-rectus approach (LRA) for treating pelvic fracture malunion and nonunion, and to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and potential effectiveness. METHODS: Data of 15 patients with pelvic fracture malunion and nonunion who underwent treatment by APSJO were selected and analyzed. The reduction quality was assessed using the Mears and Velyvis criteria, while the pre-operative and post-operative function was revealed by the Majeed scoring system...
April 17, 2024: International Orthopaedics
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roberto Bernabéu-Mora, Silvana Loana Oliveira-Sousa, Francesc Medina-Mirapeix, Mariano Gacto-Sánchez
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine whether the concomitant presence of poor health status (COPD Assessment Test, CAT ≥ 10 points) and low exercise tolerance (6-Minute Walking Test, 6MWT < 350 m) is associated with worse clinical characteristics in patients with COPD. In addition, we aimed to develop a readily applicable diagnostic model to discriminate COPD patients with these conditions. METHODS: A cross-sectional multicenter study involving 208 stable COPD patients (FEV1/FVC < 0...
April 15, 2024: European Journal of Internal Medicine
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica Burgess-Shannon, Rebecca Clarke, Victoria Rowell, Narendra Aladangady
Optimal cord management (OCM), defined as waiting at least 60 seconds (s) before clamping the umbilical cord after birth, is an evidence-based intervention that improves outcomes for both term and preterm babies. All major resuscitation councils recommend OCM for well newborns.National Neonatal Audit Programme (NNAP) benchmarking data identified our tertiary neonatal unit as a negative outlier with regard to OCM practice with only 12.1% of infants receiving the recommended minimum of 60 s. This inspired a quality improvement project (QIP) to increase OCM rates of ≥ 60 s for infants <34 weeks...
April 15, 2024: BMJ Open Quality
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jordan A Gliedt, Kevin S Mathers, Jeff King, Michael J Schneider, Michael R Wiles
OBJECTIVE: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have seen widespread adoption in medical education and other health professions education. EPAs aim to provide a bridge between competency-based education and clinical practice by translating competencies into fundamental profession-specific tasks associated with clinical practice. Despite the extensive use of EPAs in health professions education, EPAs have yet to be introduced into chiropractic education. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and introduction of EPAs as part of 2 community-based chiropractic student preceptorship education programs in the United States...
April 17, 2024: Journal of Chiropractic Education
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katherine E McDaniel, Alexander Suarez, Dana G Rowe, Brandon Bishop, Joshua Jackson, Alankrita Raghavan, Caroline Folz, Stephen Harward, Brandon Smith, Steven Cook, C Rory Goodwin
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a flipped classroom curriculum coupled with case-based learning would improve residents' perceptions of the learning environment, improve education outcomes, and increase faculty engagement. Research suggests that active learning yields better educational results compared with passive learning. However, faculty are more comfortable providing lectures that require only passive participation from learners. METHODS: A council was created to identify issues with the current format of the resident didactic curriculum and to redesign the neurosurgical curriculum and conference per Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements...
April 19, 2024: Journal of Neurosurgery
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen Jeffrey, Lana Woolford, Rishma Maini, Siddharth Basetti, Ashleigh Batchelor, David Weatherill, Chris White, Vicky Hammersley, Tristan Millington, Calum Macdonald, Jennifer K Quint, Robin Kerr, Steven Kerr, Syed Ahmar Shah, Igor Rudan, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Colin R Simpson, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Chris Robertson, Lewis Ritchie, Aziz Sheikh, Luke Daines
BACKGROUND: Long COVID is a debilitating multisystem condition. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of long COVID in the adult population of Scotland, and to identify risk factors associated with its development. METHODS: In this national, retrospective, observational cohort study, we analysed electronic health records (EHRs) for all adults (≥18 years) registered with a general medical practice and resident in Scotland between March 1, 2020, and October 26, 2022 (98-99% of the population)...
May 2024: EClinicalMedicine
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline Maschio de Censo, Viviane Vieira Passini, Bárbara Aparecida Teodoro Alcantara Verri, Rafaella Fagundes Xavier, Regina Maria Carvalho-Pinto, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho, Celso R F Carvalho
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the postural balance in COPD patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Physical activity, anxiety and depression symptoms, mood, and falls were also assessed in this population. METHODS: Moderate to severe COPD patients were assessed for laboratory and clinical postural balance (force platform and mini-balance evaluation systems test (Mini-BESTest)), physical activity (accelerometry), OSA (polysomnography), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), anxiety and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council), clinical status (COPD Assessment Test) and mood (Brunel Mood Scale)...
March 2024: ERJ Open Research
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlyle McCready, Heather J Zar, Shaakira Chaya, Carvern Jacobs, Lesley Workman, Zoltan Hantos, Graham L Hall, Peter D Sly, Mark P Nicol, Dan J Stein, Anhar Ullah, Adnan Custovic, Francesca Little, Diane M Gray
BACKGROUND: Early life is a key period that determines long-term health. Lung development in childhood predicts lung function attained in adulthood and morbidity and mortality across the life course. We aimed to assess the effect of early-life lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and associated risk factors on lung development from birth to school age in a South African birth cohort. METHODS: We prospectively followed children enrolled in a population-based cohort from birth (between March 5, 2012 and March 31, 2015) to age 5 years with annual lung function assessment...
April 12, 2024: Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lance Turtle, Sarah Elliot, Thomas M Drake, Mathew Thorpe, Emma G Khoury, William Greenhalf, Hayley E Hardwick, Gary Leeming, Andy Law, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Riinu Pius, Catherine A Shaw, J Kenneth Baillie, Peter J M Openshaw, Annemarie B Docherty, Malcolm G Semple, Ewen M Harrison, Carlo Palmieri
BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are at greater risk of dying from COVID-19 than many other patient groups. However, how this risk evolved during the pandemic remains unclear. We aimed to determine, on the basis of the UK national pandemic protocol, how factors influencing hospital mortality from COVID-19 could differentially affect patients undergoing cancer treatment. We also examined changes in hospital mortality and escalation of care in patients on cancer treatment during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK...
April 12, 2024: Lancet Oncology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margaret Goodrich, Kerry McCabe, Jesse Basford, Kimberly Bambach, Aaron Kraut, Jeffrey N Love
BACKGROUND: The clinical learning environment (CLE) is a key focus of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education. It impacts knowledge acquisition and professional development. A previous single-center study evaluated the psychological safety and perceived organizational support of the CLE across different specialties. Building on this work, we explored and evaluated psychological safety and perceived organizational support across multiple heterogeneous emergency medicine (EM) residencies to identify trends and factors affecting perceptions of the CLE...
April 2024: AEM Education and Training
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