Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) and infectious diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are global concerns. The development of a rapid and accurate diagnostic method, capable of detecting and identifying different mycobacteria species, is crucial. We propose a molecular approach, the BiDz-TB/NTM, based on the use of binary deoxyribozyme (BiDz) sensors for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and NTM of clinical interest. A panel of DNA samples was used to evaluate Mtb-BiDz, Mycobacterium abscessus / Mycobacterium chelonae -BiDz, Mycobacterium avium -BiDz, Mycobacterium intracellulare / Mycobacterium chimaera -BiDz, and Mycobacterium kansasii -BiDz sensors in terms of specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and limit of detection...

Inhibition of hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity decreases the pool of 6-oxo and 6-amino purine nucleoside monophosphates required for DNA and RNA synthesis, resulting in a reduction in cell growth. Therefore, inhibitors of this enzyme have potential to control infections, caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax , Trypanosoma brucei , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and Helicobacter pylori . Five compounds synthesized here that contain a purine base covalently linked by a prolinol group to one or two phosphonate groups have K i values ranging from 3 nM to >10 μM, depending on the structure of the inhibitor and the biological origin of the enzyme...

AIM: To analyze the prevalence of nonspecific UTI in patients with tuberculosis and to evaluate the efficiency of therapy and prevention measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 936 patients with tuberculosis of various localizations aged from 18 to 96 years were examined. There were 447 men (47.8%) and 489 women (52.2%). A diagnosis of nonspecific UTI was done using following criteria: the presence of characteristic symptoms, leukocyturia and bacteriuria detected by microscopic examination of the urine sediment, positive urine culture for nonspecific species, negative urine tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

During the past few decades, a wealth of knowledge has been made available for the transcription machinery in bacteria from the structural, functional and mechanistic point of view. However, comparatively little is known about the homooligomerization of the multisubunit M. tuberculosis RNA polymerase (RNAP) enzyme and its functional relevance. While E. coli RNAP has been extensively studied, many aspects of RNAP of the deadly pathogenic M. tuberculosis are still unclear. We used biophysical and biochemical methods to study the oligomerization states of the core and holoenzymes of M...

The synthesis of (p)ppGpp alarmones plays a vital role in the regulation of metabolism suppression, growth rate control, virulence, bacterial persistence, and biofilm formation. The (p)ppGpp alarmones are synthesized by proteins of the RelA/SpoT homolog (RSH) superfamily, including long bifunctional RSH proteins and small alarmone synthetases. Here, we investigated enzyme kinetics and dose-dependent enzyme inhibition to elucidate the mechanism of 4-(4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)pentanoic acid (DMNP) action on the (p)ppGpp synthetases RelMsm and RelZ from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis and RelMtb from Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tb), which is recognized by macrophages and produces inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines at the site of infection. The present study was proposed to understand the interaction of M tb antigens, cytokines, and chemokines. We have evaluated the chemokine MCP-1 levels and its expression in PBMCs stimulated with M tb antigens Ag85A, ESAT6 and recombinant cytokines rhTNF-α, rhIFN-γ, rhTGF-β, and rhIL-10 in active pulmonary TB (APTB) patients, household contacts (HHC) at 0 months, 6 months and healthy controls (HC)...

Reverse analogs of the phosphonohydroxamic acid antibiotic fosmidomycin are potent inhibitors of the nonmevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR, IspC) of Plasmodium falciparum . Some novel analogs with large phenylalkyl substituents at the hydroxamic acid nitrogen exhibit nanomolar Pf DXR inhibition and potent in vitro growth inhibition of P. falciparum parasites coupled with good parasite selectivity. X-ray crystallographic studies demonstrated that the N -phenylpropyl substituent of the newly developed lead compound 13e is accommodated in a subpocket within the DXR catalytic domain but does not reach the NADPH binding pocket of the N -terminal domain...

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a common and significant public health problem caused by the larvae of the Echinococcus multilocularis . The occurrence of epididymal AE is rare and often overlooked in combination with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We report a case of a 34-year-old man who presented with right-sided scrotal enlargement with pain. Physical examination revealed an enlarged right scrotum with rupture. CT examination showed a blurred border and non-enhancing lesion on the right epididymis...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious killer worldwide. Over two-thirds of new TB diagnoses in the United States occur among first-generation immigrants, especially within a year of migration. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) accounts for a minority of lymphoma cases but presents similarly to disseminated or extrapulmonary TB. Clinical overlap between TB and HL increases patient risk of misdiagnosis. Concomitant presentation of both diseases is not uncommon but infrequently reported. We present a case of isoniazid-resistant TB with progressively worsening lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly despite appropriate TB treatment...

INTRODUCTION: Intraocular tuberculosis (IOTB) is a common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and a main cause of infectious uveitis. It can result in severe visual morbidity if not recognized and treated properly. The clinical manifestations of IOTB are varied, and the duration of treatment is unclear. This study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with IOTB and compares the duration of antituberculosis therapy (ATT) and steroid use. METHOD: An 8-year retrospective study of IOTB patients in an endemic area of a tertiary hospital in Thailand...

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains a cornerstone in global efforts to combat tuberculosis (TB), a persistent public health threat worldwide. The purpose of this systematic review is to find out how well BCG revaccination protects against TB. This systematic review synthesized recent studies investigating the efficacy of BCG vaccination in preventing TB infection and disease. A total of 15 relevant publications were identified through a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus...

Secreted acid phosphatase (SapM) is an immunomodulator of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and consequently plays a crucial role in disease onset and development upon infection. Importantly, the virulence of SapM has rendered SapM an attractive target for drug development. However, the mechanism underlying the role of SapM in facilitating bacillary survival remains to be fully elucidated. In this context, the present study demonstrated that SapM hampered cellular autophagy to facilitate bacillary survival in  mycobacterial -infected macrophages...

We reported a 51-year-old male electric welder with stage I pneumoconiosis, who had no significant cough, sputum, fever, chest pain, or other discomfort. However, regular physical examination at our hospital revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules with cavity formation. Blood routine, liver or kidney function, and infection-related biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT), were normal. Sputum and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears, BALF Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) PCR, and T-SPOT...

BACKGROUND: Leprosy and tuberculosis are two of the oldest and most common mycobacterial infections, caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacteium lepramatosis for leprosy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis for tuberculosis. Dual infections have been known since ancient times; however, cases remain rarely reported in the literature, even in countries where both diseases are endemic, such as Madagascar. PURPOSE: We report a case series of simultaneous occurrence of leprosy and tuberculosis...

OBJECTIVE: To express the protein enconded by the Rv 3432 c gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tb ) in vitro by prokaryotic expression, to analyze the structure of the Rv3432c protein by using bioinformatics software, and to explore for new drug targets against M . tb . METHODS: The Rv 3432 c gene was amplified by PCR using the genomic DNA of the inactivated M . tb strain H37Rv as the template and a recombinant plasmid was constructed with the expression vector pET-28a...

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis . A large number of cattle are infected with bTB every year, resulting in huge economic losses. How to control bTB is an important issue in the current global livestock economy. In this study, the original transcriptome sequences related to this study were obtained from the dataset GSE192537 by searching the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Our differential gene analysis showed that there were obvious biological activities related to immune activation and immune regulation in the early stage of bTB...

UNLABELLED: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is considered one of the top infectious killers in the world. In recent decades, drug resistant (DR) strains of M.tb have emerged that make TB even more difficult to treat and pose a threat to public health. M.tb has a complex cell envelope that provides protection to the bacterium from chemotherapeutic agents. Although M.tb cell envelope lipids have been studied for decades, very little is known about how their levels change in relation to drug resistance...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is still one of the biggest causes of infection-related death around the world. Disseminated tuberculosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the haematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in-clude isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The first three drugs are known to cause hepatotoxicity. CASE PRESENTATION: We have, herein, reported a case of Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI) due to anti-tuberculosis therapy in a one-year-old male child with disseminated tuberculosis...

INTRODUCTION: Dimorphic fungi cause infection following the inhalation of spores into the pulmonary system. In the lower respiratory tract, the conidia transform into yeasts, which are engulfed by alveolar macrophages and may be destroyed without disease manifestation. However, in some immunocompromised individuals, they may persist and cause active fungal disease characterized by formation of granulomas in the infected tissues, which may mimic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary dimorphic fungal infections among HIV/AIDS patients with non-TB chronic cough at Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital in Kampala, Uganda...

Tuberculosis remains a large health threat, despite the availability of the tuberculosis vaccine, BCG. As BCG efficacy gradually decreases from adolescence, BCG-Prime and antigen-booster may be an efficient strategy to confer vaccine efficacy. Mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP1, namely Rv2986c, hupB or HU) is a major Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein that induces vaccine-efficacy by co-administration with CpG DNA. To produce MDP1 for booster-vaccine use, we have created recombinant MDP1 produced in both Escherichia coli (eMDP1) and Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (mMDP1), an avirulent rapid-growing mycobacteria...