Abc Transporter

Acinetobacter johnsonii and Shewanella putrefaciens were identified as specific spoilage organisms in aquatic food. The interactions among specific spoilage organisms under cold stress have a significant impact on the assembly of microbial communities, which play crucial roles in the spoilage and cold adaptation processes. The limited understanding of A. johnsonii and S. putrefaciens interactions in the cold adaptation mechanism hinders the elucidation of their roles in protein and metabolism levels. 4D quantitative proteomic analysis showed that the coculture of A...

Enterococcal infections frequently show high levels of antibiotic resistance, including to cell envelope-acting antibiotics like daptomycin (DAP). While we have a good understanding of the resistance mechanisms, less is known about the control of such resistance genes in enterococci. Previous work unveiled a bacitracin resistance network, comprised of the sensory ABC transporter SapAB, the two-component system (TCS) SapRS and the resistance ABC transporter RapAB. Interestingly, components of this system have recently been implicated in DAP resistance, a role usually regulated by the TCS LiaFSR...

The majority of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria benefit from intrinsic antibiotic resistance, attributed primarily to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) coating of the bacterial envelope. To effectively coat the bacterial cell envelope, LPS is transported from the inner membrane by the LPS transport (Lpt) system, which comprises seven distinct Lpt proteins, LptA-G, that form a stable protein bridge spanning the periplasm to connect the inner and outer membranes. The driving force of this process, LptB2 FG, is an asymmetric ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter with a novel architecture and function that ejects LPS from the inner membrane and facilitates transfer to the periplasmic bridge...

The pivotal roles of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in drug resistance have been widely appreciated. Here we report that marein, a natural product from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt, is a potent chemo-sensitizer in drug resistant cancer cells overexpressing ABCG2 transporter. We demonstrate that marein can competitively inhibit efflux activity of ABCG2 protein and increase the intracellular accumulation of the chemotherapeutic drugs that belong to substrate of this transporter. We further show that marein can bind to the conserved amino acid residue F439 of ABCG2, a critical site for drug-substrate interaction...

BACKGROUND: The process of producing proteins in bacterial systems and secreting them through ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is an area that has been actively researched and used due to its high protein production capacity and efficiency. However, some proteins are unable to pass through the ABC transporter after synthesis, a phenomenon we previously determined to be caused by an excessive positive charge in certain regions of their amino acid sequence. If such an excessive charge is removed, the secretion of any protein through ABC transporters becomes possible...

ModA is a soluble periplasmic molybdate-binding protein found in most gram-negative bacteria. It is part of the ABC transporter complex ModABC that moves molybdenum into the cytoplasm, to be used by enzymes that carry out various redox reactions. Since there is no clear analog for ModA in humans, this protein could be a good target for antibacterial drug design. Backbone 1 H, 13 C and 15 N chemical shifts of apo and molybdate-bound ModA from E. coli were assigned at pHs 6.0 and 4.5. In addition, side chain atoms were assigned for apo ModA at pH 6...

Iron‑sulfur (FeS) clusters are cofactors of numerous proteins involved in various essential functions including cellular respiration, protein translation, DNA synthesis and repair, ribosome maturation, anti-viral responses, and isopropylmalate isomerase activity. Novel FeS cluster proteins are still being discovered due to the widespread use of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and elegant genetic screens targeted at protein discovery. A complex sequence of biochemical reactions mediated by a conserved machinery controls biosynthesis of FeS clusters...

Pesticide resistance in arthropods threatens agricultural productivity and the control of vector-borne diseases. The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters have emerged as important factors in the toxicity of synthetic pesticides, as well as for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal Cry protein binding. Depending on the localization of expression, both higher and lower expression of ABCs has been linked with pesticide resistance. The recent development of genetic-based approaches such as RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in non-model species, has greatly contributed to unveil their functional importance in pesticide toxicity and resistance...

ABCG2, a member of the ABC transporter superfamily, is overexpressed in many human tumors and has long been studied for its ability to export a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby conferring a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. However, several studies have shown that ABCG2 can also confer an MDR-independent survival advantage to tumor cells exposed to stress. While investigating the mechanism by which ABCG2 enhances survival in stressful milieus, we have identified a physical and functional interaction between ABCG2 and SLC1A5, a member of the solute transporter superfamily and the primary transporter of glutamine in cancer cells...

Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic enteric infection of dairy cattle worldwide. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of JD, is fastidious often requiring eight to sixteen weeks to produce colonies in culture-a major hurdle in the diagnosis and therefore in implementation of optimal JD control measures. A significant gap in knowledge is the comprehensive understanding of the metabolic networks deployed by MAP to regulate iron both in-vitro and in-vivo. The genome of MAP carries MAP3773c, a putative metal regulator, which is absent in all other mycobacteria...

Type I secretion systems (T1SS) facilitate the secretion of substrates in one step across both membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. A prime example is the hemolysin T1SS which secretes the toxin HlyA. Secretion is energized by the ABC transporter HlyB, which forms a complex together with the membrane fusion protein HlyD and the outer membrane protein TolC. HlyB features three domains: an N-terminal C39 peptidase-like domain (CLD), a transmembrane domain (TMD) and a C-terminal nucleotide binding domain (NBD)...

Coral bleaching events are becoming increasingly common worldwide, causing widespread coral mortality. However, not all colonies within the same coral taxa show sensitivity to bleaching events, and the current understanding of the metabolic mechanisms underlying thermal bleaching in corals remains limited. We used untargeted metabolomics to analyze the biochemical processes involved in the survival of two bleaching phenotypes of the common corals Pavona decussata and Acropora pruinosa, during a severe bleaching event in the northern South China Sea in 2020...

The rhizosphere is one of the key determinants of plant health and productivity. Mixtures of pesticides are commonly used in intensified agriculture. However, the combined mechanisms underlying their impacts on soil microbiota remain unknown. The present study revealed that the rhizosphere microbiota was more sensitive to azoxystrobin and oxytetracycline, two commonly used pesticides, than was the microbiota present in bulk soil. Moreover, the rhizosphere microbiota enhanced network complexity and stability and increased carbohydrate metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation as well as the expression of metabolic genes involved in defence against pesticide stress...

Lycopene has been widely used in the food industry and medical field due to its antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, achieving efficient manufacture of lycopene using chassis cells on an industrial scale remains a major challenge. Herein, we attempted to integrate multiple metabolic engineering strategies to establish an efficient and balanced lycopene biosynthetic system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, the lycopene synthesis pathway was modularized to sequentially enhance the metabolic flux of the Mevalonate pathway, the acetyl-CoA supply module, and lycopene exogenous enzymatic module...

OBJECTIVE: Treponema denticola has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Previously, we reported that the potential transcriptional regulator TDE_0259 (oxtR1) is upregulated in the bacteriocin ABC transporter gene-deficient mutant. OxtR1 may regulate genes to adapt to environmental conditions during colonization; however, the exact role of the gene in T. denticola has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated its function using an oxtR1-deficient mutant...

Drug efflux transporters of the ATP-binding-cassette superfamily play a major role in the availability and concentration of drugs at their site of action. ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCG2 (BCRP) are among the most important drug transporters that determine the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and whose overexpression is associated with cancer chemoresistance. ABCC2 and ABCG2 expression is frequently altered during treatment, thus influencing efficacy and toxicity. Currently, there are no routine approaches available to closely monitor transporter expression...

Urinary tract infections (UTI) account for a substantial financial burden globally. Over 75% of UTIs are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which have demonstrated an extraordinarily rapid growth rate in vivo. This rapid growth rate appears paradoxical given that urine and the human urinary tract are relatively nutrient-restricted. Thus, we lack a fundamental understanding of how uropathogens propel growth in the host to fuel pathogenesis. Here, we used large in silico, in vivo, and in vitro screens to better understand the role of UPEC transport mechanisms and their contributions to uropathogenesis...

Transmembrane transporter proteins are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and, as such, are key drug targets. Many transmembrane transporter proteins are known to undergo large structural rearrangements during their functional cycles. Despite the wealth of detailed structural and functional data available for these systems, our understanding of their dynamics and, consequently, how they function is generally limited. We introduce an innovative approach that enables us to directly measure the dynamics and stability of interdomain interactions of transmembrane proteins using optical tweezers...

Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish and cephalopods that are infected with larvae of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) or Anisakis pegreffii. The purpose of this study was to investigate how A. simplex (s. s.) responds to the influence of anthelmintics such as ivermectin (IVM) and pyrantel (PYR). In vitro experiments were conducted using larvae at two developmental stages of A. simplex (s. s.) (L3 and L4) obtained from Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras)...

Arsenic (As), a metalloid of considerable toxicity, has become increasingly bioavailable through anthropogenic activities, raising As contamination levels in groundwater and agricultural soils worldwide. This bioavailability has profound implications for plant biology and farming systems. As can detrimentally affect crop yield and pose risks of bioaccumulation and subsequent entry into the food chain. Upon exposure to As, plants initiate a multifaceted molecular response involving crucial signaling pathways, such as those mediated by calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and various phytohormones (e...