Lithium dosing

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Lithium is considered to be the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, and paliperidone was approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute bipolar manic/mixed episodes. However, both agents have been associated with thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular adverse effects like subclinical hypothyroidism, bradycardia, and sinus arrest, even at therapeutic doses. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we reported a case of a 17-year-old Han Chinese female who developed symptomatic hypothyroidism, sinus bradycardia, and sinus arrest while being treated with lithium and paliperidone for bipolar disorder with psychotic features including auditory hallucinations...

Mania is associated with disturbed dopaminergic transmission in frontotemporal regions. D-amphetamine (AMPH) causes increased extracellular DA levels, considered an acknowledged mania model in rodents. Doxycycline (DOXY) is a second-generation tetracycline with promising neuroprotective properties. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DOXY alone or combined with Lithium (Li) could reverse AMPH-induced mania-like behavioral alterations in mice by the modulation of monoamine levels in brain areas related to mood regulation, as well as cytoprotective and antioxidant effects in hippocampal neurons...

Lithium has been approved and used for several decades in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, and its potential effect in neurodegenerative diseases has been subject to increasing research interest in recent years. Nanolithium is a new experimental product using a novel drug-delivery technology (Aonys®), which optimizes its bioavailability while reducing its toxicity profile. Therapeutic doses of lithium used in Nanolithium are more than 50 times lower than the minimal dose of classical lithium salts...

Passive solid-state radiation detectors, based on the visible photoluminescence of radiation-induced colour centres in optically transparent lithium fluoride (LiF), polycrystalline thin films are under investigation for proton beam advanced diagnostics. After proton exposure, the latent images stored in LiF as local formations of stable F2 and F3+ aggregate defects, are directly read with a fluorescence microscope under illumination in the blue spectral range. Adopting a suitable irradiation geometry, the energy density that protons deposit in the material can be recorded as a spatial distribution of these light-emitting defects, from which a luminous replica of the proton Bragg curve can be thereafter extracted and analysed to reconstruct the proton beam energy spectrum...

"Pica" refers to the ingestion of non-nutritive substances by animals that would not typically consume them. The pica behavior can be utilized to investigate the internal conditions of animals' bodies. For example, rats, due to neuroanatomical reasons, cannot vomit; nevertheless, when nauseated, they ingest kaolin clay. This renders the ingestion of kaolin a practical proxy for measuring nausea in rats. The question of whether rats consume minerals other than kaolin during nauseous episodes remains unanswered...

Nominally-pure lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals were irradiated with monochromatic hard X rays of energy 5, 7, 9 and 12 keV at the METROLOGIE beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility, in order to understand the role of the selected X-ray energy on their visible photoluminescence response, which is used for high spatial resolution 2D X-ray imaging detectors characterized by a wide dynamic range. At the energies of 7 and 12 keV the irradiations were performed at five different doses corresponding to five uniformly irradiated areas, while at 5 and 9 keV only two irradiations at two different doses were carried out...

We report a case study of a 60-year-old man with bipolar disorder on stable lithium treatment who developed severe toxicity while admitted to ICU with sepsis and multiorgan failure. Despite unchanged lithium administration, his serum levels escalated due to renal dysfunction, resulting in lithium toxicity. After regaining consciousness, he exhibited a cerebellar syndrome marked by ataxia, tremor, and scanning speech. MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy. Following discontinuation of lithium and hemodialysis, the patient's symptoms remained static...

Rapid fibrinogen (Fbg) evaluation is important in patients with massive bleeding during severe trauma and those undergoing major surgery. However, there are only a few studies on the point-of-care Fbg analyzer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the accuracy of Fbg level measured using CG02N, with whole blood contained in lithium-heparinized syringes with two different concentrations of heparin. Blood samples were collected in lithium-heparinized tubes, namely PREZA-PAK®II (low-dose heparin group [LG], 7 IU/mL) and Pro-Vent® Plus (high-dose heparin group [HG], 70...

The role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in epilepsy and the effects of its modulators as efficacious treatment options, though postulated, has not been sufficiently investigated. We evaluated the involvement of β-catenin and GSK-3β, the significant proteins in this pathway, in the lithium chloride-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model in rodents to study acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The modulators studied were 6-BIO, a GSK-3β inhibitor and Sulindac, a Dvl protein inhibitor...

BACKGROUND: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) may pose treatment challenges. We present a series of patients in which we achieved the normalisation of free T3 (FT3) using intravenous methylprednisolone (ivMP) in AIT refractory to thiamazole and oral prednisone. Namely, in three males (aged 56, 50 and 64, all with a history of AF and/or a low ejection fraction), an addition of ivMP resulted in the normalisation of FT3, which allowed successful thyroidectomy. In another case of a 65-year-old man, we initially succeeded in the normalisation of FT3 using ivMP from FT4 > 7...

BACKGROUND: The comparative clinical utility of the disease-modifying treatments for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease that are approved or under review by the Food and Drug Administration (i.e., donanemab, lecanemab and aducanumab), and lithium, which is a potential disease-modifying agent for this condition, remains elusive. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the efficacy on cognitive decline, tolerability and acceptability of these drugs in this condition...

INTRODUCTION: ADP-stimulated elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is an important effector mechanism for platelet activation. The rapidly elevating cytosolic Ca2+ is also transported to mitochondrial matrix via Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) and extruded via Na+ /Ca2+ /Li+ Exchanger (NCLX). However, the exact contribution of MCU and NCLX in ADP-mediated platelet responses remains incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The present study aimed to elucidate the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in ADP-stimulated platelet responses by inhibition of MCU and NCLX with mitoxantrone (MTX) and CGP37157 (CGP), respectively...

INTRODUCTION: Lithium use during pregnancy reduces the risk of mood episodes in the perinatal period for women with bipolar disorder. Some previous studies found deleterious effects of intrauterine lithium exposure on birth outcomes, yet little is known about a dose response relationship. The current study investigated the influence of maternal lithium serum levels on birth outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included women with a bipolar spectrum disorder who were referred to a specialized psychiatric and obstetric outpatient clinic from 2003 to 2019 and used lithium during the entire pregnancy...

BACKGROUND: As clinical practices with lithium salts for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) are poorly documented in Asia, we studied the prevalence and clinical correlates of lithium use there to support international comparisons. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of use and dosing of lithium salts for BD patients across 13 Asian sites and evaluated bivariate relationships of lithium treatment with clinical correlates followed by multivariate logistic regression modeling...

The structure, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of lithium comenate (lithium 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-carboxylate) were studied. Lithium comenate was obtained by reacting comenic acid (H2 Com) with lithium hydroxide in an aqueous solution. The structure of lithium comenate was confirmed via thermal analysis, mass spectrometry, IR, NMR and UV spectroscopy. The crystal structure was studied in detail via X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in a non-centrosymmetric space group of symmetry of the orthorhombic system Pna21 in the form of a hydrate, with three water molecules entering the first coordination sphere of the cation Li+ and one molecule forming a second environment through non-valent contacts...

The growing use of lithium (Li) in industrial and energy applications and increasing demand worldwide has inevitably resulted in its wide dispersal, representing a significant threat to aquatic systems. Unfortunately, as a ubiquitous emerging contaminant, the comprehensive toxicological information regarding Li at multifarious levels is limited. To diminish this gap, this work was focused to explore Li-induced cascading effects on Daphnia magna as a key species in freshwater ecosystems. Specifically, the organisms were chronically exposed to gradient Li concentrations with emphasis on characterizing life-history traits from individual to population scale, primarily as observed by a markedly concentration-dependent decrease along exposure gradients...

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a radiotherapy technique based on the enrichment of tumour cells with suitable 10-boron concentration and on subsequent neutron irradiation. Low-energy neutron irradiation produces a localized deposition of radiation dose caused by boron neutron capture reactions. Boron is vehiculated into tumour cells via proper borated formulations, able to accumulate in the malignancy more than in normal tissues. The neutron capture releases two high-LET charged particles (i.e., an alpha particle and a lithium ion), losing their energy in a distance comparable to the average dimension of one cell...

Lithium (Li) concentrations in drinking-water supplies are not regulated in the United States; however, Li is included in the 2022 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency list of unregulated contaminants for monitoring by public water systems. Li is used pharmaceutically to treat bipolar disorder, and studies have linked its occurrence in drinking water to human-health outcomes. An extreme gradient boosting model was developed to estimate geogenic Li in drinking-water supply wells throughout the conterminous United States...

Chronic lithium administration to rodents is used to explore the potential neural mechanisms of mood stabilization, as well as to model the side effects of chronic lithium on multiple organ systems. Oral administration of lithium in the maintenance diet or drinking water is convenient, but lithium can acutely affect intake and it can mediate acquisition of conditioned taste aversions. We compared ad libitum food and fluid intake by male rats with LiCl or NaCl solutions as their sole source of fluid across 20 days, with a commonly used dosage of LiCl (24 mM: 1 g / L LiCl)...

Boron neutron capture therapy is a perspective selective technology for the destruction of cancer cells, while the use of lithium instead of boron may represent a new and promising vector for the development of neutron capture therapy (NCT). The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the cytotoxicity of various lithium salts, as well as an analysis of the accumulation of lithium in tumor cells in vitro to determine the possibility of using lithium in NCT. The cytotoxicity of lithium salts was determined using MTT-test and colony forming assay on human fibroblasts BJ-5ta, human skin melanoma SK-Mel-28, and mouse skin melanoma B16 cell lines...