ADEM

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) show manifestations of arterial abnormalities, including carotid intimal thickening and increased vascular stiffness. As carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with amyloidosis, we hypothesized that previously observed abnormalities can largely be related with concomitant amyloidosis rather than CTS itself. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Medeniyet University Goztepe Hospital...

Diabetes mellitus shares a large proportion of kidney failure. Despite many patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and its complications in Dessie City, no study was conducted in the study area that shows the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its associated factors among adult diabetes mellitus patients attending Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia...

INTRODUCTION: Food insecurity has remained a serious public health problem in developing countries, such as Ethiopia, over the past two decades. Vulnerable populations, such as pensioners, have been affected by this problem because of emerging socio-demographic changes, a global financial crisis, and climate change, all of which have contributed to the high food prices. Hence, this study aimed to assess household food security status and associated factors among pensioners in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia...

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the clinical characteristics of antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and to investigate factors associated with long-term outcomes among antibody-negative AE. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with antibody-negative AE were recruited from January 2016 to December 2022 at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The study assessed the long-term outcomes of antibody-negative AE using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE)...

BACKGROUND: The poor prognosis of breast cancer in Sudan could be due to delayed treatment and diagnosis at an advanced stage. Our study aimed to assess the extent of delays from onset of symptoms to treatment in Sudanese women with breast cancer, as well as identify factors contributing to these delays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a multi-center cross sectional study between March and April 2023. Data were collected from the medical records and interviews with women with breast cancer in the two main oncology centers in Sudan...

UNLABELLED: Paediatric acquired demyelinating syndrome(ADS) constitute group of treatable disorders with acute neurologic dysfunction. Neuroimaging has played significant role in diagnosis of ADS. We describe clinico-radiologic spectrum, outcome and compare the groups Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum disorder (NMOSD), clinically-isolated-syndrome (CIS), Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody associated disorders (MOGAD)...

BACKGROUND: Various factors contribute to the development of infection-related acute encephalopathy (AE) in children, such as infectious agents and chronic underlying disorders. We studied underlying disorders in children with AE to identify predisposing factors of AE. METHODS: We investigated underlying disorders or past histories in patients with two types of AE from the database in the Tokai area of Japan between 2009 and 2022: 204 patients with AE with reduced subcortical diffusion (AED) and 137 with clinically mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS)...

Occupational exposure to manganese (Mn) primarily occurs through the inhalation of manganese-containing fumes and dust, with welding environments being significant sources of such exposure. Elevated levels of Mn in welding fumes can lead to a neurological syndrome known as manganism. A 28-yr-old male welder with 14 yr of experience, is presenting with complaints of forgetfulness, reasoning disorder, and decreased mental functions persisting for 10 yr. Three months ago, when he started working at the new workplace, he underwent employment screening conducted by the workplace physician...

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is one characteristic manifestation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). A previously healthy man presented with retro-orbital headache and urinary retention 14 days after Tdap vaccination. Brain and spine MRI suggested a CNS demyelinating process. Despite treatment with IV steroids, he deteriorated, manifesting hemiparesis and later impaired consciousness, requiring intubation. A repeat brain MRI demonstrated new bilateral supratentorial lesions associated with venous sinus thrombosis, hemorrhage, and midline shift...

BACKGROUND: Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a structural abnormality characterized by the systolic detachment of the posterior mitral annulus and the ventricular myocardium. It is usually observed coexistent with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and associated with a mechanical dysfunction despite preserved electrical isolation function of the mitral annulus. This study aimed to evaluate left ventricular (LV) function using speckle tracking echocardiography in MVP patients with MAD. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective, single-center study including 103 patients with MVP and 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects...

BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, milk production and handling practices often lack proper hygiene measures, leading to the potential contamination of milk and milk products with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), including methicillin-resistant strains, posing significant public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and presence of resistance genes in S. aureus strains isolated from milk and milk products. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Arsi highlands, Oromia, Ethiopia from March 2022 to February 2023...

PURPOSE: In general, high levels of PEEP application is avoided in patients undergoing craniotomy to prevent a rise in ICP. But that approach would increase the risk of secondary brain injury especially in hypoxemic patients. Because the optic nerve sheath is distensible, a rise in ICP is associated with an increase in the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). The cutoff value for elevated ICP assessed by ONSD is between 5.6 and 6.3 mm. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different PEEP levels on ONSD and compare the effect of different PEEP levels in patients with and without intracranial midline shift...

Introducción: El riesgo de suicidio en el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) ha emergido como una problemática poco considerada durante mucho tiempo. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo explorar la prevalencia, la evaluación y los tratamientos disponibles para el riesgo de suicidio en los adultos con autismo. Metodología: Se practicó una revisión narrativa sobre tres aspectos relacionados con el riesgo de suicido en la población adulta con TEA: la prevalencia, la evaluación y las intervenciones disponibles basadas en evidencia...

OBJECTIVES: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a plasmapheresis procedure whose Safety data for pediatric neuro-immunological disorders (PNID) is confined. The present research documents TPE's safety and feasibility data in these conditions. MATERIALS & METHODS: The current study involved six distinct groups of patients with PNID undergoing TPE: neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD), autoimmune encephalitis (AIE), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and optic neuritis (ON)...

Motivational deficits and reduced goal-directed behavior for external rewards have long been considered an important features of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Negative symptoms have also a high prevalence in bipolar disorder (BP). We used a transdiagnostic approach in order to examine association between negative symptoms and effort allocation for monetary rewards. 41 patients with SCZ and 34 patients with BP were enrolled in the study along with 41 healthy controls (HC). Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) was used to measure subjects' effort allocation for monetary rewards...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the radiological and clinical results of femoral diaphyseal fractures operated in the lateral decubitus position with those operated in the supine position on a traction table and to detail the perioperative surgical technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 2018 and January 2022, in this prospective, randomized, and single-blind comparative study, 75 patients diagnosed with adult femoral diaphyseal fractures to whom intramedullary nails were applied were operated in the lateral decubitus position without a traction table (Group 1, 37 patients) and in the supine position with a traction table (Group 2, 38 patients)...

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose special challenges in developing countries In Ethiopia, the growing NCD burden has raised a public health concern with significant social, economic, and developmental effects. Thus, the study sought to examine health communication practices in addressing the NCDs in Bahir Dar City of the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. METHODS: A qualitative case study was conducted from January to April 2023. The study employed in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations to gather data from health extension workers, NCD experts, and NCD focal persons about their experiences and perspectives regarding NCD prevention and control...

We reported a case of a school-going child, diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) who presented with symptoms such as high fever, acute hemiplegia and ataxia and was referred for physiotherapeutic intervention. This case report aims to document the assessment and management of ADEM from the intensive care unit to the home setting by physical therapy. Also, the child developed ventilator-associated pneumonia and a right lower motor neuron facial injury for which the child was referred to paediatric physical therapy...

PRECIS: Analysis of surgical success and intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and antiglaucomatous medication (AGM) changes between segmental 180-degree and 360-degree gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculectomy (GATT) in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) showed no significant difference. PURPOSE: To compare surgical outcomes of segmental 180-degree and 360-degree GATT in PEXG patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, comparative study of 65 PEXG eyes, who underwent segmental 180-degree GATT (GATT 180° group, 31 eyes) and 360-degree GATT (GATT 360° group, 34 eyes) in a tertiary academic center over a 12-month of follow-up...

Neuroinflammation is a process associated with degeneration and loss of neurons in different parts of the brain. The most important damage mechanisms in its formation are oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of cannabidiol (CBD) against neuroinflammation through various mechanisms. Thirty‑two female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + CBD and CBD groups. After six hours following LPS administration, rats were sacrificed, brain and cerebellum tissues were obtained...