striatum

The emergence of compulsive drug-seeking habits, a hallmark feature of substance use disorder, has been shown to be predicated on the engagement of dorsolateral striatal control over behaviour. This process involves the dopamine-dependent functional coupling of the anterior dorsolateral striatum (aDLS) with the nucleus accumbens core, but the mechanisms by which this coupling occurs have not been fully elucidated. The striatum is tiled by a syncytium of astrocytes that express the dopamine transporter (DAT), the level of which is altered in individuals with heroin use disorder...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuron death and neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence points to the involvement of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in neuron death and glial activation in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the involvement of TRPM2 in PD and specifically its relation to the neuroinflammation aspect of the disease remains poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that AG490, a TRPM2 inhibitor, can be used as a treatment in a mouse model of PD...

The insula is an integral component of sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, and insular dysfunction is associated with numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders. Insular afferents project widely, but insulo-striate projections are especially numerous. The targets of these insulo-striate projections are organized into tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These striatal compartments have distinct embryologic origins, afferent and efferent connectivity, dopamine pharmacology, and susceptibility to injury...

The cognitive impairment will gradually appear over time in Parkinson's patients, which is closely related to the basal ganglia-cortex network. This network contains two parallel circuits mediated by putamen and caudate nucleus, respectively. Based on the biophysical mean-field model, we construct a dynamic computational model of the parallel circuit in the basal ganglia-cortex network associated with Parkinson's disease dementia. The simulated results show that the decrease of power ratio in the prefrontal cortex is mainly caused by dopamine depletion in the caudate nucleus and is less related to that in the putamen, which indicates Parkinson's disease dementia may be caused by a lesion of the caudate nucleus rather than putamen...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by severe movement defects and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurones in the midbrain. The symptoms of PD can be managed with dopamine replacement therapy using L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa), which is the gold standard therapy for PD. However, long-term treatment with L-dopa can lead to motor complications. The central renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases in the brain. However, the role of the RAS in dopamine replacement therapy for PD remains unclear...

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a multitude of motor and non-motor clinical symptoms resulting from the progressive and long-lasting abnormal loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Currently, the available treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease are limited and exert only symptomatic effects, without adequate signs of delaying or stopping the progression of the disease. Atsttrin constitutes the bioengineered protein which ultrastructure is based on the polypeptide chain frame of the progranulin (PGRN), which exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of TNFα...

BACKGROUND: Ventral striatal hypoactivation during reward anticipation has consistently been observed in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, that hypoactivation has been shown to correlate negatively with negative symptoms, and in particular with apathy. However, little is known about the stability of these results over time and their reliability across different centers. METHODS: In total, 67 patients with schizophrenia (15 females) and 55 healthy controls (13 females) were recruited in 2 centers in Switzerland and Germany...

Neonatal brain inflammation produced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in long-lasting brain dopaminergic injury and motor disturbances in adult rats. The goal of the present work is to investigate the effect of neonatal systemic LPS exposure (1 or 2 mg/kg, i.p. injection in postnatal day 5, P5, male rats)-induced dopaminergic injury to examine methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral sensitization as an indicator of drug addiction. On P70, subjects underwent a treatment schedule of 5 once daily subcutaneous (s...

BACKGROUND: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) may precede or follow motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). While over 70% of idiopathic RBD cases phenoconvert within a decade, a small subset develops PD after a more extended period or remains nonconverted. These heterogeneous manifestations of RBD in PD prompt subtype investigations. Premotor RBD may signify "body-first" PD with bottom-up, symmetric synucleinopathy propagation. OBJECTIVE: Explore brainstem and nigrostriatal monoaminergic degeneration pattern differences based on premotor RBD presence and duration in de novo PD patients...

Though rare, autoimmune paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic chorea can be leading causes of adult-onset acute/subacute chorea. Here, we report a case of acute-onset chorea with suspected autoimmune-mediated mechanisms in a 79-year-old female who exhibited acute-onset choreiform movements on the right side of her body. She tested positive for anti-centromere antibodies (ACAs) without displaying symptoms of scleroderma. Blood sugar levels, genetic testing for Huntington's disease, and an antibody panel related to paraneoplastic neurological syndrome were unremarkable...

OBJECTIVE: Grey matter, a crucial component of the brain, has been found altered in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) of several voxel-based morphometry studies. The conclusive and consistent grey matter alterations in GAD have not been confirmed. METHOD: Eleven voxel-based morphometry studies of GAD patients were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The linear model of anxiety severity scores was applied to explore the relationship of grey matter alterations and anxiety severity...

Neuropathic pain occurs in people experiencing lesion or disease affecting the somatosensorial system. It is present in 7% of the general population and may not fully respond to first- and second-line treatments in up to 40% of cases. Neuromodulation approaches are often proposed for those not tolerating or not responding to usual pharmacological management. These approaches can be delivered surgically (invasively) or non-invasively. Invasive neuromodulation techniques were the first to be employed in neuropathic pain...

INTRODUCTION: Dopaminergic transmission impairment has been identified as one of the main neurobiological correlates of both depression and clinical symptoms commonly associated with its spectrum such as anhedonia and psychomotor retardation. OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between dopaminergic deficit in the striatum, as measured by 123 I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging, and specific psychopathological dimensions in patients with major depressive disorder. METHODS: To our knowledge this is the first study with a sample of >120 subjects...

Insomnia is an important comorbidity of chronic pain. In this issue of Neuron, Li et al. report that chronic-pain-induced insomnia is mediated by the pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex and their dopaminergic projections to the dorsal medial striatum.

BACKGROUND: Notch1 signaling inhibiton with N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester] (DAPT) treatment could promote brain recovery and the intervention effect is different between striatum (STR) and cortex (CTX), which might be accounted for different changes of glial activities, but the in-depth mechanism is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify whether DAPT could modulate microglial subtype shifts and astroglial-endfeet aquaporin-4 (AQP4) mediated waste solute drainage...

Although oligodendrocytes (OLs) synthesize laminin-γ1, the most widely used γ subunit, its functional significance in the CNS remains unknown. To answer this important question, we generated a conditional knockout mouse line with laminin-γ1 deficiency in OL lineage cells (γ1-OKO). γ1-OKO mice exhibit weakness/paralysis and die by post-natal day 33. Additionally, they develop blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in the cortex and striatum. Subsequent studies reveal decreased major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a expression and increased endothelial caveolae vesicles, but unaltered tight junction protein expression and tight junction ultrastructure, indicating a transcellular, rather than a paracellular, mechanism of BBB breakdown...

The striatum plays a crucial role in studying epilepsy, as it is involved in seizure generation and modulation of brain activity. To explore the complex interplay between the striatum and epilepsy, we engineered advanced microelectrode arrays (MEAs) specifically designed for precise monitoring of striatal electrophysiological activities in rats. These observations were made during and following seizure induction, particularly three and 7 days post-initial modeling. The modification of graphene oxide (GO)/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/platinu-m nanoparticles (PtNPs) demonstrated a marked reduction in impedance (10...

Ivermectin (IVM) is a commonly prescribed antiparasitic treatment with pharmacological effects on invertebrate glutamate ion channels resulting in paralysis and death of invertebrates. However, it can also act as a modulator of some vertebrate ion channels and has shown promise in facilitating L-DOPA treatment in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. The pharmacological effects of IVM on dopamine terminal function were tested, focusing on the role of two of IVM's potential targets: purinergic P2X4 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors...

According to experimental and clinical studies, status epilepticus (SE) causes neurodegenerative morphological changes not only in the hippocampus and other limbic structures, it also affects the thalamus and the neocortex. In addition, several studies reported atrophy, metabolic changes, and neuronal degeneration in the dorsal striatum. The literature lacks studies investigating potential neuronal damage in the ventral component of the striatopallidal complex (ventral striatum [VS] and ventral pallidum) in SE experimentations...