keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441945/what-s-in-a-name-experimental-evidence-of-gender-bias-in-recommendation-letters-generated-by-chatgpt
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deanna M Kaplan, Roman Palitsky, Santiago J Arconada Alvarez, Nicole S Pozzo, Morgan N Greenleaf, Ciara A Atkinson, Wilbur A Lam
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence chatbots such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) have garnered excitement about their potential for delegating writing tasks ordinarily performed by humans. Many of these tasks (eg, writing recommendation letters) have social and professional ramifications, making the potential social biases in ChatGPT's underlying language model a serious concern. OBJECTIVE: Three preregistered studies used the text analysis program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to investigate gender bias in recommendation letters written by ChatGPT in human-use sessions (N=1400 total letters)...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Medical Internet Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435589/heterogeneous-text-graph-for-comprehensive-multilingual-sentiment-analysis-capturing-short-and-long-distance-semantics
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
El Mahdi Mercha, Houda Benbrahim, Mohammed Erradi
Multilingual sentiment analysis (MSA) involves the task of comprehending people's opinions, sentiments, and emotions in multilingual written texts. This task has garnered considerable attention due to its importance in extracting insights for decision-making across diverse fields such as marketing, finance, and politics. Several studies have explored MSA using deep learning methods. Nonetheless, a majority of these studies depend on sequential-based approaches, which focus on capturing short-distance semantics within adjacent word sequences, but they overlook long-distance semantics, which can provide more profound insights for analysis...
2024: PeerJ. Computer Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435554/cnn-based-noise-reduction-for-multi-channel-speech-enhancement-system-with-discrete-wavelet-transform-dwt-preprocessing
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pavani Cherukuru, Mumtaz Begum Mustafa
Speech enhancement algorithms are applied in multiple levels of enhancement to improve the quality of speech signals under noisy environments known as multi-channel speech enhancement (MCSE) systems. Numerous existing algorithms are used to filter noise in speech enhancement systems, which are typically employed as a pre-processor to reduce noise and improve speech quality. They may, however, be limited in performing well under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) situations. The speech devices are exposed to all kinds of environmental noises which may go up to a high-level frequency of noises...
2024: PeerJ. Computer Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426835/lexical-effects-on-talker-discrimination-in-adult-cochlear-implant-usersa
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Terrin N Tamati, Almut Jebens, Deniz Başkent
The lexical and phonological content of an utterance impacts the processing of talker-specific details in normal-hearing (NH) listeners. Adult cochlear implant (CI) users demonstrate difficulties in talker discrimination, particularly for same-gender talker pairs, which may alter the reliance on lexical information in talker discrimination. The current study examined the effect of lexical content on talker discrimination in 24 adult CI users. In a remote AX talker discrimination task, word pairs-produced either by the same talker (ST) or different talkers with the same (DT-SG) or mixed genders (DT-MG)-were either lexically easy (high frequency, low neighborhood density) or lexically hard (low frequency, high neighborhood density)...
March 1, 2024: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409958/running-together-influences-where-you-look
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eli Brenner, Marit Janssen, Nadia de Wit, Jeroen B J Smeets, David L Mann, Andrea Ghiani
To read this article, you have to constantly direct your gaze at the words on the page. If you go for a run instead, your gaze will be less constrained, so many factors could influence where you look. We show that you are likely to spend less time looking at the path just in front of you when running alone than when running with someone else, presumably because the presence of the other runner makes foot placement more critical.
February 26, 2024: Perception
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38375107/effects-of-linguistic-context-and-noise-type-on-speech-comprehension
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura P Fitzgerald, Gayle DeDe, Jing Shen
INTRODUCTION: Understanding speech in background noise is an effortful endeavor. When acoustic challenges arise, linguistic context may help us fill in perceptual gaps. However, more knowledge is needed regarding how different types of background noise affect our ability to construct meaning from perceptually complex speech input. Additionally, there is limited evidence regarding whether perceptual complexity (e.g., informational masking) and linguistic complexity (e.g., occurrence of contextually incongruous words) interact during processing of speech material that is longer and more complex than a single sentence...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369168/neural-correlates-of-semantic-driven-syntactic-parsing-in-sentence-comprehension
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yun Zhang, Marcus Taft, Jiaman Tang, Le Li
For sentence comprehension, information carried by semantic relations between constituents must be combined with other information to decode the constituent structure of a sentence, due to atypical and noisy situations of language use. Neural correlates of decoding sentence structure by semantic information have remained largely unexplored. In this functional MRI study, we examine the neural basis of semantic-driven syntactic parsing during sentence reading and compare it with that of other types of syntactic parsing driven by word order and case marking...
February 17, 2024: NeuroImage
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38367522/assessing-the-readability-of-clinical-trial-consent-forms-for-surgical-specialties
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amir H Karimi, Maura R Guyler, Christian J Hecht, Robert J Burkhart, Alexander J Acuña, Atul F Kamath
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the readability of surgical clinical trial consent forms and compare readability across surgical specialties. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of surgical clinical trial consent forms available on ClinicalTrials.gov to quantitatively evaluate readability, word count, and length variations among different specialties. The analysis was performed between November 2022 and January 2023. A total of 386 surgical clinical trial consent forms across 14 surgical specialties were included...
February 16, 2024: Journal of Surgical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38366690/a-comparative-vignette-study-evaluating-the-potential-role-of-a-generative-ai-model-in-enhancing-clinical-decision-making-in-nursing
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mor Saban, Ilana Dubovi
AIM: This study explores the potential of a generative artificial intelligence tool (ChatGPT) as clinical support for nurses. Specifically, we aim to assess whether ChatGPT can demonstrate clinical decision-making equivalent to that of expert nurses and novice nursing students. This will be evaluated by comparing ChatGPT responses to clinical scenarios to those of nurses on different levels of experience. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Emergency room registered nurses (i...
February 17, 2024: Journal of Advanced Nursing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356645/structural-brain-morphometry-differences-and-similarities-between-young-patients-with-crohn-s-disease-in-remission-and-healthy-young-and-old-controls
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin Yeske, Jiancheng Hou, Daniel Y Chu, Nagesh Adluru, Veena A Nair, Poonam Beniwal-Patel, Sumona Saha, Vivek Prabhakaran
INTRODUCTION: Crohn's disease (CD), one of the main phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It can impact the function of gastrointestinal secretions, as well as increasing the intestinal permeability leading to an aberrant immunological response and subsequent intestinal inflammation. Studies have reported anatomical and functional brain changes in Crohn's Disease patients (CDs), possibly due to increased inflammatory markers and microglial cells that play key roles in communicating between the brain, gut, and systemic immune system...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350627/-early-indicators-of-childhood-apraxia-of-speech-in-late-talkers-general-guidelines-to-intervention
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Inmaculada Baixauli, Nuria Senent-Capuz
INTRODUCTION: The population of children with slow emergence of language development varies widely, both in their initial profile and in their response to intervention. In this sense, there is a group of late talkers who continue to show persistent language difficulties, in some cases exhibiting signs compatible with verbal dyspraxia. METHOD: In this paper we present the different response to intervention of two profiles of late talkers. Specifically, the Target Word© program (Hanen Centre) was implemented, which is addressed to latetalking children and their families...
March 2024: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38347259/uncovering-the-interplay-between-drawings-mental-representations-and-arithmetic-problem-solving-strategies-in-children-and-adults
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hippolyte Gros, Jean-Pierre Thibaut, Emmanuel Sander
There is an ongoing debate in the scientific community regarding the nature and role of the mental representations involved in solving arithmetic word problems. In this study, we took a closer look at the interplay between mental representations, drawing production, and strategy choice. We used dual-strategy isomorphic word problems sharing the same mathematical structure, but differing in the entities they mentioned in their problem statement. Due to the non-mathematical knowledge attached to these entities, some problems were believed to lead to a specific (cardinal) encoding compatible with one solving strategy, whereas other problems were thought to foster a different (ordinal) encoding compatible with the other solving strategy...
February 12, 2024: Memory & Cognition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38339832/graduate-training-credentialing-and-continuing-education-to-prepare-genetic-counselors-for-laboratory-roles-results-of-a-national-survey
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Schwartz, Mia S Mackall, Aishwarya Arjunan, McKinsey Goodenberger, Rachel Mills, Chloe Ham, Sarah Witherington
Opportunities for genetic counselors to work in a variety of practice settings have greatly expanded, particularly in the laboratory. This study aimed to assess attitudes of genetic counselors working both within and outside of the laboratory setting regarding (1) the re-wording and/or expansion of key measures of genetic counselors' competency, including practice-based competencies (PBCs) and board examination, to include laboratory roles, (2) preparation and transferability of competencies developed in master's in genetic counseling (MGC) programs to different roles, (3) need of additional training for genetic counselors to practice in laboratory settings, and (4) preferred methods to obtain that training...
February 9, 2024: Journal of Genetic Counseling
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38330333/reading-proficiency-predicts-spatial-eye-movement-control-in-the-first-and-second-language
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniil Gnetov, Victor Kuperman
Research on first language (L1) reading has long since established the link between the proficiency of the reader and their efficiency in oculomotor control. More proficient readers make longer saccades and land closer to the word's center, which is a word's optimal viewing position, and make fewer refixations. Eye-tracking studies of second language (L2) reading have so far provided little evidence in this regard. This study analyzes spatial oculomotor measures in the Multilingual Eye-movement Corpus, which contains data on English text reading and its component skills from 543 participants representing 12 different L1s...
February 8, 2024: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38326329/express-deaf-readers-use-leftward-information-to-read-more-efficiently-evidence-from-eye-tracking
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Casey Stringer, Frances Cooley, Emily Saunders, Karen Emmorey, Elizabeth R Schotter
Little is known about how information to the left of fixation impacts reading, and how it may help to integrate what has been read into the context of the sentence. To better understand the role of this leftward information and how it may be beneficial during reading, we compared the sizes of the leftward span for reading-matched deaf signers (n =32) and hearing adults (n = 40) using a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm with windows of 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 characters to the left, as well as a no window condition...
February 7, 2024: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: QJEP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38325934/a-new-word-embedding-model-integrated-with-medical-knowledge-for-deep-learning-based-sentiment-classification
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aye Hninn Khine, Wiphada Wettayaprasit, Jarunee Duangsuwan
The development of intelligent systems that use social media data for decision-making processes in numerous domains such as politics, business, marketing, and finance, has been made possible by the popularity of social media platforms. However, the utilization of textual data from social media in the healthcare management industry is still somewhat limited when it is compared to other industries. Investigating how current machine learning and natural language processing technologies can be used in the healthcare industry to gauge public sentiment is an important study...
February 2024: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38324559/comparing-online-versus-laboratory-measures-of-speech-perception-in-older-children-and-adolescents
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tara McAllister, Jonathan L Preston, Laura Ochs, Jennifer Hill, Elaine R Hitchcock
Given the increasing prevalence of online data collection, it is important to know how behavioral data obtained online compare to samples collected in the laboratory. This study compares online and in-person measurement of speech perception in older children and adolescents. Speech perception is important for assessment and treatment planning in speech-language pathology; we focus on the American English /ɹ/ sound because of its frequency as a clinical target. Two speech perception tasks were adapted for web presentation using Gorilla: identification of items along a synthetic continuum from rake to wake, and category goodness judgment of English /ɹ/ sounds in words produced by various talkers with and without speech sound disorder...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38297990/development-of-an-electronic-decision-aid-tool-to-facilitate-mainstream-genetic-testing-in-ovarian-cancer-patients
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristen M Shannon, Devanshi Patel, Jessica M Jonas, Erica L Blouch, Stephanie R Hicks, Mackenzie Wooters, Meredith Seidel, Carly F Grant, Margaret M Emmet, Daniel C Chung, Karen Sepucha
BACKGROUND: Multigene panel testing is an important component of cancer treatment plans and risk assessment, but there are many different panel options and choosing the most appropriate panel can be challenging for health care providers and patients. Electronic tools have been proposed to help patients make informed decisions about which gene panel to choose by considering their preferences and priorities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic decision aid (DA) tool was developed in line with the International Patient Decision Aids Standards collaboration...
January 31, 2024: Oncologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38294694/enhanced-source-memory-for-emotionally-valenced-sources-does-an-affective-orienting-task-make-the-difference
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nikoletta Symeonidou, Beatrice G Kuhlmann
Previous research on whether source memory is enhanced for emotionally valenced sources yielded inconclusive results. To identify potential boundary conditions, we tested whether encoding instructions that promote affective versus different types of non-affective item-source-processing foster versus hamper source-valence effects. In both experiments, we used neutral words as items superimposed on emotional (positive & negative) or neutral pictures as sources. Source pictures were selected based on valence and arousal ratings collected in a pre-study such that only valence varied across sources...
January 31, 2024: Cognition & Emotion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38292438/use-of-priming-strategies-to-advance-the-clinical-application-of-mesenchymal-stromal-stem-cell-based-therapy
#40
EDITORIAL
Vitale Miceli
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their remarkable therapeutic potential. MSCs play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and possess diverse functions in tissue repair and recovery in various organs. These cells are characterized by easy accessibility, few ethical concerns, and adaptability to in vitro cultures, making them a valuable resource for cell therapy in several clinical conditions. Over the years, it has been shown that the true therapeutic power of MSCs lies not in cell engraftment and replacement but in their ability to produce critical paracrine factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes (EXOs), which modulate the tissue microenvironment and facilitate repair and regeneration processes...
January 26, 2024: World Journal of Stem Cells
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