Desulfovibrio vulgaris

The present frontrunners in the chemotherapy of infections caused by protozoa are nitro-based prodrugs that are selectively activated by PFOR-mediated redox reactions. This study seeks to analyze the distribution of PFOR in selected protozoa and bacteria by applying comparative genomics to test the hypothesis that PFOR in eukaryotes was acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Furthermore, to identify other putatively acquired genes, proteome-wide and gene enrichment analyses were used...

Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) like Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) can facilitate metal corrosion in various industrial and environmental settings leading to substantial economic losses. Although the mechanisms of biofilm formation by DvH are not yet well understood, recent studies indicate the large adhesin, DvhA, is a key determinant of biofilm formation. The dvhA gene neighborhood resembles the biofilm-regulating Lap system of Pseudomonas fluorescens but is curiously missing the c-di-GMP-binding regulator LapD...

Microbial biofilms are behind microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Sessile cells in biofilms are many times more concentrated volumetrically than planktonic cells in the bulk fluids, thus providing locally high concentrations of chemicals. More importantly, "electroactive" sessile cells in biofilms are capable of utilizing extracellularly supplied electrons (e.g., from elemental Fe) for intracellular reduction of an oxidant such as sulfate in energy metabolism. MIC directly caused by anaerobic biofilms is classified into two main types based on their mechanisms: extracellular electron transfer MIC (EET-MIC) and metabolite MIC (M-MIC)...

INTRODUCTION: Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the sulfate-reducing bacteria that exhibits highly versatile metabolism. By switching from one energy mode to another depending on nutrients availability in the environments" it plays a central role in shaping ecosystems. Despite intensive efforts to study D. vulgaris energy metabolism at the genomic, biochemical and ecological level, bioenergetics in this microorganism remain far from being fully understood...

High concentrations of metals and sulfates in acid mine drainage (AMD) are the cause of the severe environmental hazard that mining operations pose to the surrounding ecosystem. Little study has been conducted on the cost-effective biological process for treating high AMD. The current research investigated the potential of the proposed carbon source and sulfate reduction bacteria (SRB) culture in achieving the bioremediation of sulfate and heavy metals. This work uses individual and combinatorial bioaugmentation and bio-stimulation methods to bioremediate acid-mine-influenced groundwater in batch microcosm experiments...

BACKGROUND: The overgrowth of Desulfovibrio, an inflammation promoting flagellated bacteria, has been found in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, the molecular mechanism in promoting colitis remains unestablished. METHODS: The relative abundance Desulfovibrio vulgaris (D. vulgaris) in stool samples of UC patients was detected. Mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium to induce colitis with or without administration of D. vulgaris or D. vulgaris flagellin (DVF), and the severity of colitis and the leucine-rich repeat containing 19 (LRRC19) signaling were assessed...

Upcycling nickel (Ni) to useful catalyst is an appealing route to realize low-carbon treatment of electroplating wastewater and simultaneously recovering Ni resource, but has been restricted by the needs for costly membranes or consumption of large amount of chemicals in the existing upcycling processes. Herein, a biological upcycling route for synchronous recovery of Ni and sulfate as electrocatalysts, with certain amount of ferric salt (Fe3+ ) added to tune the product composition, is proposed. Efficient biosynthesis of bio-NiFeS nanoparticles from electroplating wastewater was achieved by harnessing the sulfate reduction and metal detoxification ability of Desulfovibrio vulgaris...

UNLABELLED: Biofilms of the sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB) Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) can facilitate metal corrosion in various industrial and environmental settings leading to substantial economic losses; however, the mechanisms of biofilm formation by DvH are not yet well-understood. Evidence suggests that a large adhesin, DvhA, may be contributing to biofilm formation in DvH. The dvhA gene and its neighbors encode proteins that resemble the Lap system, which regulates biofilm formation by Pseudomonas fluorescens , including a LapG-like protease DvhG and effector protein DvhD, which has key differences from the previously described LapD...

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) caused by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is a serious challenge in many industries, but biofilm greatly decreases the toxicity of bactericides to cell inside. d-amino acids are potential enhancers for bactericides due to their excellent performance on biofilm inhibition. However, the mechanism of d-amino acid cooperating with bactericides for MIC inhibition is still unknown. In this study, d-tyrosine（D-Tyr）and disoctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) were selected as the typical d-amino acid and bactericide, respectively, to evaluate their synergetic inhibition on the corrosion caused by Desulfovibrio vulgaris ...

Metal-dependent formate dehydrogenases reduce CO2 with high efficiency and selectivity, but are usually very oxygen sensitive. An exception is Desulfovibrio vulgaris W/Sec-FdhAB, which can be handled aerobically, but the basis for this oxygen tolerance was unknown. Here we show that FdhAB activity is controlled by a redox switch based on an allosteric disulfide bond. When this bond is closed, the enzyme is in an oxygen-tolerant resting state presenting almost no catalytic activity and very low formate affinity...

Sulfate-reducing bacteria play an important role in the geochemistry of iron (oxyhydr)oxide and arsenic (As) in natural environments; however, the associated reaction processes are yet to be fully understood. In this study, batch experiments coupled with geochemical, spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermodynamic analyses were conducted to investigate the dynamic coupling of ferrihydrite transformation and the associated As desorption/redistribution mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris (D. vulgaris). The results indicated that D...

[NiFe]-hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F is an O2 -sensitive enzyme that is inactivated in the presence of O2 but the oxidized enzyme can recover its catalytic activity by reacting with H2 under anaerobic conditions. Here, we report the first neutron structure of [NiFe]-hydrogenase in its oxidized state, determined at a resolution of 2.20 Å. This resolution allowed us to reinvestigate the structure of the oxidized active site and to observe the positions of protons in several short hydrogen bonds...

Interactions and nutrient exchanges among members of microbial communities are important for understanding functional relationships in environmental microbiology. We can begin to elucidate the nature of these complex systems by taking a bottom-up approach utilizing simplified, but representative, community members. Here, we assess the effects of a toxic stress event, the addition of arsenite (As(III)), on a syntrophic co-culture containing lactate-fermenting Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough and solvent-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain 195...

In medical, environmental, and industrial processes, the accumulation of bacteria in biofilms can disrupt many processes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are receiving increasing attention in the development of new substances to avoid or reduce biofilm formation. There is a lack of parallel testing of the effect against biofilms in this area, as well as in the testing of other antibiofilm agents. In this paper, a high-throughput screening was developed for the analysis of the antibiofilm activity of AMPs, differentiated into inhibition and removal of a biofilm...

Distances between Fe ions in multiheme cytochromes are sufficiently short to make the intramolecular dipole-dipole interaction between hemes probable. In the analysis of EPR data from cytochromes, this interaction has thus far been ignored under the assumption that spectra are the simple sum of non-interacting components. Here, we use a recently developed low-frequency broadband EPR spectrometer to establish the extent of dipolar interaction in the example cytochromes, characterize its spectral signatures, and identify present limitations in the analysis...

INTRODUCTION: The perturbations of gut microbiota could interact with excessively activated immune responses and play key roles in the etiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Desulfovibrio, the most predominant sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) resided in the human gut, was observed to overgrow in patients with UC. The interactions between specific gut microbiota and drugs and their impacts on UC treatment have not been demonstrated well. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to elucidate whether Desulfovibrio vulgaris (D...

In this study, a 13-mer antimicrobial peptide (RRWRIVVIRVRRC) named by E6 was used as an enhancer of a green biocide to mitigate the biocorrosion of EH36 ship steel. Results show that a low concentration of E6 (100 nM) alone was no-biocidal and could not resist the Desulfovibrio vulgaris adhesion on the EH36 steel surface. However, E6 enhanced the bactericidal effect of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS). When E6 and THPS were both added to the bacteria and steel system, both the sessile D...

Many neurological disorders have a distinctive colonic microbiome (CM) signature. Particularly, children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit a very dissimilar CM when compared to neurotypical (NT) ones, mostly at the species level. Thus far, knowledge on this matter comes from high-throughput (yet very expensive and time-consuming) analytical platforms, such as massive high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. Here, pure (260/280 nm, ~1.85) stool DNA samples (200 ng.µL-1 ) from 48 participants [39 ASD, 9 NT; 3-13 y] were used to amplify four candidate differential CM markers [ Bacteroides fragilis (BF), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FP), Desulfovibrio vulgaris (DV), Akkermansia muciniphila (AM)], using micro-organism-specific oligonucleotide primers [265 bp (BF), 198 bp (FP), 196 bp (DV), 327 bp (AM)] and a standardized two-step [low (step 1: ° Tm -5 °C) to high (stage 2: ° Tm -0 °C) astringent annealing] PCR protocol (2S-PCR)...

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) comprise one of the few prokaryotic groups in which biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is common. Recent studies have highlighted SRB roles in N cycling, particularly in oligotrophic coastal and benthic environments where they could contribute significantly to N input. Most studies of SRB have focused on sulfur cycling and SRB growth models have primarily aimed at understanding the effects of electron sources, with N usually provided as fixed-N (nitrate, ammonium). Mechanistic links between SRB nitrogen-fixing metabolism and growth are not well understood, particularly in environments where fixed-N fluctuates...

Carbon starvation can affect the activity of microbes, thereby affecting the metabolism and the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process of biofilm. In the present work, the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) behavior of nickel (Ni) was investigated under organic carbon starvation by Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Starved D. vulgaris biofilm was more aggressive. Extreme carbon starvation (0% CS level) reduced weight loss due to the severe weakening of biofilm. The corrosion rate of Ni (based on weight loss) was sequenced as 10% CS level > 50% CS level > 100 CS level > 0% CS level...