Pseudoparkinsonism

Here, authors report on an interesting case of early-onset of schizophrenia where adjunctive pregabalin alleviated risperidone-induced pseudoparkinsonism, helped with insomnia and agitation and boosted antipsychotic response with great tolerability. We wager that gabapentenoids can be a viable option in the niche of psychopharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in CAP population.

OBJECTIVES: Despite the importance of a satisfying sexual life, most patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders do not discuss sexual issue with their clinicians. The current study seeks to determine the prevalence and socio-clinical correlates of sexual dysfunction among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders receiving typical and atypical antipsychotic medications. The second objective is to determine the frequency and correlates of specific sexual dysfunction (desire, arousal, erection/lubrication and orgasm) by gender and drug type using the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether susceptibility map-weighted imaging (SMWI) was superior to conventional susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and in its correlation with 123 I-2bcarbomethoxy-3b-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-nortropane single photon emission computerized tomography (123 I-FP-CIT SPECT). METHODS: Between May 2017 and February 2018, 125 consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD, vascular pseudoparkinsonism, essential tremor, or drug-induced parkinsonism and who underwent 123 I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging and 3 T SWI on the same day or within 3 months were included in this retrospective study...

INTRODUCTION: While chloroquine, a derivative of quinine, has been used as an antimalarial for 70 years, hydroxychloroquine is now used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In 2020, hydroxychloroquine (and to a lesser extent chloroquine) also received attention as a possible treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). During investigation for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, concerns for serious adverse events arose...

Akathisia continues to present a significant challenge in clinical practice. As a class, so-called atypical, or second-generation, antipsychotics (SGAs) are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and are commonly used to treat mood disorders. These medications have traditionally been distinguished from first-generation antipsychotics by their lowered risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) such as dystonia, dyskinesia, akathisia, and pseudoparkinsonism. However, the occurrence of EPS, particularly akathisia, has been demonstrated to some degree in all commercially available SGAs...

IntroductionA hallmark of Parkinson's disease is facial akinesia with decrease in blink frequency (Karson, 1984). A markedly decreased blink frequency from nyctophobia, a fear of the dark, has not heretofore been reported. METHOD: Case Study: A 26-year-old right handed male presented with a 20-year history of phantasmagoria. Visual hallucinations of strangers appeared several to a hundred times a day, seconds to minutes in duration. These morbid images were horrific, of dead people or ghosts, suddenly appearing in his visual space, actively attacking real people...

Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are the drug of choice in the management of mental illnesses by virtue of their advantage over typical antipsychotics i.e. least tendency of producing extrapyramidal motor symptoms (EPS) or pseudoparkinsonism. Despite the clinical efficacy, AAPs produces troublesome adverse effects, particularly hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia weight gain, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and QT prolongation which further develops metabolic and cardiac complications with subsequent reduction in life expectancy, poor patient compliance, and sudden death...

PURPOSE: In patients with Parkinson disease (PD), decreased serum ceruloplasmin levels have been observed. This study investigated a correlation between serum ceruloplasmin-along with its related serum markers- and striatal presynaptic dopaminergic denervation measured with I-FP-CIT SPECT. METHODS: We analyzed a total of 141 de novo patients divided into 2 groups: the PD group (107 patients with PD) and the disease control group (34 patients with vascular pseudoparkinsonism, essential tremor, or drug-induced parkinsonism)...

Progressive ambulatory impairment and abnormal white matter (WM) signal on neuroimaging come together under the diagnostic umbrella of vascular parkinsonism (VaP). A critical appraisal of the literature, however, suggests that (1) no abnormal structural imaging pattern is specific to VaP; (2) there is poor correlation between brain MRI hyperintensities and microangiopathic brain disease and parkinsonism from available clinicopathologic data; (3) pure parkinsonism from vascular injury ("definite" vascular parkinsonism) consistently results from ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes involving the SN and/or nigrostriatal pathway, but sparing the striatum itself, the cortex, and the intervening WM; and (4) many cases reported as VaP may represent pseudovascular parkinsonism (e...

BACKGROUND: Perphenazine is a treatment option in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis. Chronic administration and high dose are known to cause extrapyramidal system (EPS) dysfunction at a frequency of 8%, but the incidence of acute EPS after a single 4 or 8 mg dose is unknown. OBJECTIVE: A retrospective analysis of patient medication billing data and departmental quality records was performed (January 2001 to 10 July 2012) to identify patients who experienced EPS dysfunction after oral perphenazine...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate in a group of patients with psychosis the effect of the dopamine agonist rotigotine on neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs), a set of movement disorders such as pseudoparkinsonism, dyskinesias, akinesia, and akathisia that occur as result of taking drugs that block dopamine receptors. METHODS: Twenty patients with psychosis with EPSs were clinically evaluated before and after the administration of rotigotine...

Neuroleptic induced neurological side effects were compared over a period of one year (1991-1992) in 45 schizophrenics and age and sex matched 42 mood disorder patients, diagnosed as per DSM-III-R criteria. Prevalence of dystonia was equally common in both groups. Pseudoparkinsonism was significantly high in female mood disorder patients, akathisia in middle aged mood disorder patients and tradive dyskinesia in mood disorder patients. Factors like age of onset, time of onset and mean dose of antipsychotics (chlorpromazine equivalent) did not show any significant difference...

Rabbit syndrome (RS) is an involuntary movement disorder characterized by rapid, fine movements of an individual's mouth, similar to the chewing movements of a rabbit, and has most frequently been associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. RS is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed as tardive dyskinesia or pseudoparkinsonism. Although rare, RS is easily treatable if recognized. It is essential that nurses are able to distinguish this syndrome from other movement disorders; however, a lack of information exists in the nursing literature about this syndrome...

Rabbit syndrome (RS) is an involuntary movement disorder characterized by rapid, fine movements of an individual's mouth, similar to the chewing movements of a rabbit, and has most frequently been associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. RS is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed as tardive dyskinesia or pseudoparkinsonism. Although rare, RS is easily treatable if recognized. It is essential that nurses are able to distinguish this syndrome from other movement disorders; however, a lack of information exists in the nursing literature about this syndrome...

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that diagnosing and treating patients with parkinsonism in nursing homes could be improved. Parkinson's disease is the most important cause of parkinsonism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data for this article have been obtained through a literature search and by research in our own centre. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Parkinsonism is a frequent cause of functional impairment among the elderly. The diagnosis is based on an evaluation of the four cardinal signs of parkinsonism (resting tremor, akinesia, rigidity, and postural abnormalities)...

The concept of vascular parkinsonism (VP) has been highly controversial since the initial paper by Critchley in 1929. This review tentatively delineates the extent of the spectrum of VP. Much confusion has arisen owing to the lack of clear definitions of parkinsonism, "atypical parkinsonism" and "pseudoparkinsonism", which we here attempt to define. Confusion has also arisen because incidental vascular lesions occurring in true idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) are up to 10 times more common than parkinsonism due to cerebrovascular disease...

Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging detects presynaptic dopamine neuronal dysfunction and thereby assists differentiation of conditions with and without dopamine deficit. In atypical tremor disorders, DAT imaging can differentiate between Parkinson's disease (PD), where dopamine deficit is demonstrated on DAT imaging, and essential tremor, where no dopamine deficit is found. DAT imaging may be particularly informative in monosymptomatic rest tremors, benign tremulous Parkinson's syndrome, and in the elderly in whom essential tremor may be accompanied by pseudoparkinsonism...

Differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes encloses idiopathic Parkinson's disease, other primary neurodegenerative diseases (atypical parkinsonism), symptomatic cases, pseudoparkinsonism and inherited forms. Clinical diagnostic criteria are not safe when applied only at disease onset. Diagnostic accuracy can be intensified by recognition of distinct patterns of signs and symptoms and by focussing attention on the time course of the disease.

In the course of treatment of psychiatric patients, it is often necessary to switch antipsychotic medications. In recent years, atypical antipsychotic agents have become the first-line therapeutic interventions for treating psychotic symptoms. Reasons for switching patients from the typical antipsychotics to the atypical agents can include enhanced efficacy against negative symptoms, improvement in cognitive capacity, and reduction of risk of extrapyramidal side effects. The presumed long-term benefits of switching to the new antipsychotic drug should be assessed...

Seizure activity is a known complication associated with multiple sclerosis; however, it may also result from side effects of the treatments for the disease. A 21-year-old man with Tourette's syndrome, pedophilia, Asperger's syndrome, and multiple sclerosis experienced seizures after receiving therapy with interferon beta-1a. Adjustments in his drug regimen led to the discovery of pseudoparkinsonism and other extrapyramidal symptoms. This case report illustrates how pharmacodynamic properties of drugs can complicate the treatment of neurologic disorders...