BiPAP

In order to effectively treat respiratory diseases, a non-invasive positive pressure ventilator system is designed, the overall structure design of the system is proposed, and the hardware construction is completed. The breathing state of the patient is identified by the threshold triggering method of the flow rate of change, and the calculation of the flow rate of change is realized by the least squares method. At the same time, the breathing parameters are calculated in real time according to the flow-time and pressure-time characteristic curves...

PROBLEM: Changes in the ventilation demand nursing interventions duly adapted to the management of said impairment and to the adaptability of the child/parents. This revision aimed to investigate the evidence behind the interventions performed on children with impaired ventilation.' ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Systematic reviews of literature in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese from studies on nursing interventions related to children with impaired ventilation in all contexts of the clinical practice...

BACKGROUND: High drive and high effort during spontaneous breathing can generate patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) due to uncontrolled high transpulmonary and transvascular pressures, with deterioration of respiratory failure. P-SILI has been demonstrated in experimental studies and supported in recent computational models. Different treatment strategies have been proposed according to the phenotype of elastance of the respiratory system (Ers) for patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the effect of three spontaneous ventilation modes on respiratory drive and muscle effort in clinical practice and their relationship with different phenotypes...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) therapy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with anxiety and depression. METHODS: This is a retrospective study. One hundred patients with COPD complicated with anxiety and depression who were admitted to the Respiratory Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from August 2021 to August 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups...

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that chronic opioid users would likely have worse outcomes with COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted for all COVID-19 patients admitted in two large academic hospitals in New York City from March 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020 during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1,361 patients (1,289 opioid naïve patients, 72 with chronic opioid use) were included. A propensity score matched analysis was used to create a dataset...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of HAI among COVID-19 patients ranged between 4.8% and 42.8% with the highest occurrence observed in critically ill patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical features of HAI in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, their microbiological characteristics, and the attributable risk factors. METHODS: This is an analytical observational, retrospective single-center, cohort study that included 723 patients with severe-critical COVID-19 admitted to Saint George Hospital between September 2020 and February 2021...

According to this study.

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a common modality employed to treat acute respiratory failure. Most data guiding its use is extrapolated from adult studies. We sought to identify clinical predictors associated with failure of NIV, defined as requiring intubation. This single-center retrospective observational study included children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between July 2014 and June 2016 treated with NIV, excluding postextubation. A total of 148 patients was included. Twenty-seven (18%) failed NIV...

AUDIENCE: This case is targeted to emergency medicine residents of all levels. INTRODUCTION: Shortness of breath (SOB) is one of the top ten most common chief complaints seen in the Emergency Department, accounting for close to 10% of presenting complaints.1 An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a frequent culprit, accounting for roughly 15.4 million visits and 730,000 hospitalizations per year.2 The diagnosis of treatment of mild to moderate AECOPD can be relatively uncomplicated; however, multiple factors can increase the complexity of management and pose additional challenges that the emergency physician (EP) must be prepared for...

Objective  To describe the adherence to the use of positive air pressure (PAP) devices in a cohort of patients with sleep apnea syndrome in Colombia. Material and Methods  Descriptive cross-sectional study of adult patients treated between January 2018 and December 2019 in the sleep clinic of a private insurer in Colombia. Results  The analysis included 12,538 patients (51.3% women) with a mean age of 61.3 years; 10,220 patients (81.5%) use CPAP and 1,550 (12.4%) BIPAP. Only 37% are adherent (> 70% of use for 4 hours or more), adherence rates were highest in the >65 years age groups...

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease with variable effects on lung parenchyma, airways, and vasculature, leading to long-term effects on lung functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicentric, prospective, observational, and interventional study included 1000 COVID-19 cases confirmed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All cases were assessed with high-resolution computed tomography thorax, oxygen saturation, inflammatory marker as D-dimer at the entry point, and follow-up...

BACKGROUND: The most prevalent clinical sign for COVID-19 patients are respiratory diseases such that the criteria for clinical screening and care of the patients in most countries, including Iran, are based on the three primary symptoms, i.e., fever, cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive airway pressure on hemodynamic parameters in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a clinical trial conducted on 46 COVID-19 patients admitted to Imam Hassan Hospital in Bojnourd in 2022...

The utilization of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), to support children with respiratory failure and avoid endotracheal intubation, has increased. Current guidelines recommend initiating enteral nutrition (EN) within the first 24-48 h post admission. This practice remains variable among PICUs due to perceptions of a lack of safety data and the potential increase in respiratory and gastric complications. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the association between EN and development of extraintestinal complications in children 0-18 years of age on NIV for acute respiratory failure...

One of the rare consequences of COVID-19 is increasing blood carbon dioxide, which can lead to unconsciousness, dysrhythmia, and cardiac arrest. Therefore, in COVID-19 hypercarbia, non-invasive ventilation (with Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure, BiPAP) is recommended for treatment. If CO2 does not decrease or continues rising, the patient's trachea must be intubated for supportive hyperventilation with a ventilator (Invasive ventilation). The high morbidity and mortality rate of mechanical ventilation is an important problem of invasive ventilation...

INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of pneumomediastinum (PM) and/or pneumothorax (PTX) in patients with severe pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was evaluated. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted in patients admitted to the intermediate respiratory care unit (IRCU) of a COVID-19 monographic hospital in Madrid (Spain) between December 14, 2020 and September 28, 2021. All patients had a diagnosis of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and required noninvasive respiratory support (NIRS): high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)...

BACKGROUND: Current evidence shows that medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) has a high prevalence (10%) and incidence (12%), and much research has been done to prevent MDRPI in recent years. However, to our knowledge, there is limited systematic review available on interventions and strategies to prevent MDRPI. AIM: To synthesise research evidence on interventions and strategies used to prevent MDRPI. METHODS: This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA Guidelines...

IMPORTANCE: Extubation failure (EF) has been associated with worse outcomes in critically ill children. The relative efficacy of different modes of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) to prevent EF is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study the reported relative efficacy of different modes of NRS (high-flow nasal cannula [HFNC], continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP], and bilevel positive airway pressure [BiPAP]) compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL Complete through May 2022...

BACKGROUND: Patients admitted to internal medicine may be moved to more advanced-care settings when their condition deteriorates. In these advanced care settings, there may be higher levels of monitoring and greater ability to deliver Intensive Medical Treatments (IMTs). To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has examined the proportion of patients at different levels of care who receive different types of IMTs. METHODS: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we examined data from 56,002 internal medicine hospitalizations at Shaare Zedek Medical Center, between 01...

We aimed to determine if not using residual neuromuscular blockade (RNB) analysis to guide neuromuscular blockade reversal administration in the postsurgical ICU resulted in consequences related to residual weakness. This single-center, prospective study evaluated 104 patients arriving in a postcardiac surgical ICU. After demonstrating spontaneous movement and T > 35.5 °C, all patients underwent RNB evaluation, and neostigmine/glycopyrrolate was then administered. When patients later demonstrated an adequate Rapid Shallow Breathing Index, negative inspiratory force generation, and arterial blood gas values with minimal mechanical ventilatory support, RNB evaluation was repeated in 94 of the 104 patients, and all patients were extubated...

A 9-year-old school-going boy was referred to us for evaluation of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD), with complaints of persisting dry cough, since the newborn period, tachypnea at rest, and failure to gain weight. Upon evaluation his findings were consistent with William-Campbell syndrome (WCS). He was advised for airway clearance technique (ACT) and was started on Bipap at night for splinting of the airways.