keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38454918/the-effect-of-mephedrone-on-human-neuroblastoma-and-astrocytoma-cells
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ibrahim M Alanazi, Abdullah R Alzahrani, Mohammad A Alsaad, Abdulaziz L Moqeem, Abdulmohsen M Hamdi, Mohiuddin M Taher, David G Watson, M Helen Grant
Mephedrone is an illegal drug that is used recreationally. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanisms by which mephedrone is harming cells. In this research, we investigated the effect of mephedrone using toxicology coupled with LC-MS/MS based metabolomics in the two CNS derived cell lines. Methods of assessment such as neutral red (NR) assay, dimethylthiazolyl diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) measurement, and morphology were performed to identify the effect on cell viability and to identify the best concentration to be used in a metabolomics study...
April 2024: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: SPJ: the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38452641/spinal-intramedullary-schwannoma-report-of-two-cases-with-review-of-the-literature
#22
Hazem Mohamed Salamah, Ahmed G Eltokhy, Mohammad Ezzat, Ahmad Alkheder, Mahmoud M Taha
INTRODUCTION: Spinal tumors comprise 15 % of all central nervous system tumors, with schwannomas accounting for 30 % of primary intraspinal neoplasms. While predominantly extramedullary-intradural, spinal schwannomas rarely manifest intramedullary occurrences (0.3 % of intraspinal tumors). This study sheds light on two rare cases of thoracic intramedullary schwannomas, emphasizing their diagnostic complexities and surgical management, alongside a literature review. CASE PRESENTATION: Case 1 involves a 50-year-old female presenting with worsening back pain, right lower limb weakness, and urinary incontinence...
March 6, 2024: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38444421/frequency-of-idh1-mutation-in-adult-type-diffuse-astrocytic-gliomas-in-a-tertiary-hospital-in-kenya
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel Gakinya, Anderson Mutuiri, Timothy Onyuma, Beverly Cheserem, Edwin Mogere
The 2021 WHO classification of gliomas has separated gliomas based on their IDH mutation status, reflecting differences in their pathogenesis and clinical characteristics. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of IDH mutations in gliomas in this region. This study aimed to determine the frequency of the IDH1 mutation in adult-type diffuse astrocytic gliomas in a tertiary hospital in Kenya. Approximately half of the gliomas were positive for the IDH1 mutation, with a slight male predominance. Our study provides crucial insights into the frequency of IDH1 mutations in gliomas in Kenya...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38443510/methylation-class-oligosarcoma-idh-mutant-could-exhibit-astrocytoma-like-molecular-features
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lingyu Liu, Yuqing Liu, Jing Chen, Tao Jiang, Xing Liu, Ke-Nan Zhang
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 5, 2024: Acta Neuropathologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438167/molecular-gbm-versus-histopathological-gbm-radiology-pathology-genetic-correlation-and-the-new-who-2021-definition-of-glioblastoma
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amit Agarwal, Mark A Edgar, Amit Desai, Vivek Gupta, Neetu Soni, Girish Bathla
Given the recent advances in molecular pathogenesis of tumors, with better correlation with tumor behavior and prognosis, major changes were made to the new 2021 WHO (CNS5) classification of CNS tumors, including updated criteria for diagnosis of glioblastoma. Diagnosis of GBM now requires absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase and histone 3 mutations (IDH-wildtype and H3-wildtype) as the basic cornerstone, with elimination of the IDH-mutated category. The requirements for diagnosis were conventionally histopathological, based on the presence of pathognomonic features such as microvascular proliferation and necrosis...
March 4, 2024: AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38433527/region-specific-dna-hydroxymethylation-along-the-malignant-progression-of-idh-mutant-gliomas
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taijun Hana, Akitake Mukasa, Masashi Nomura, Genta Nagae, Shogo Yamamoto, Kenji Tatsuno, Hiroki Ueda, Shiro Fukuda, Takayoshi Umeda, Shota Tanaka, Takahide Nejo, Yosuke Kitagawa, Erika Yamazawa, Satoshi Takahashi, Tsukasa Koike, Yoshihiro Kushihara, Hirokazu Takami, Shunsaku Takayanagi, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Nobuhito Saito
The majority of low-grade isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant (IDHmt ) gliomas undergo malignant progression (MP), but their underlying mechanism remains unclear. IDHmt gliomas exhibit global DNA methylation, and our previous report suggested that MP could be partly attributed to passive demethylation caused by accelerated cell cycles. However, during MP, there is also active demethylation mediated by ten-eleven translocation, such as DNA hydroxymethylation. Hydroxymethylation is reported to potentially contribute to gene expression regulation, but its role in MP remains under investigation...
March 3, 2024: Cancer Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38428809/imaging-of-adult-malignant-soft-tissue-tumors-of-the-spinal-canal-a-guide-for-spine-surgeons
#27
REVIEW
Gaelle Haddad, Charbel Moussalem, Marie Christelle Saade, Mario El Hayek, Elie Massaad, Wende N Gibbs, John Shin
BACKGROUND: Interpretation of malignant soft tissue spinal canal tumors imaging is essential in guiding spine surgeons to establish a differential diagnosis. This task is intricate due to a great radiologic pattern overlap among entities. We present in this manuscript a step-by-step strategy that can guide spine surgeons identify a likely malignant soft tissue lesion in the spinal canal based on imaging features. In addition, we provide a review of the radiologic features of malignant soft tissue spinal canal tumors, assisting spine surgeons refining their diagnostic approach based on several essential imaging characteristics...
February 28, 2024: World Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38420615/a-multi-institutional-phase-i-study-of-acetazolamide-with-temozolomide-in-adults-with-newly-diagnosed-mgmt-methylated-malignant-glioma
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Riley K Driscoll, Sean B Lyne, David J Voce, Stefania Maraka, Vinai Gondi, Steven J Chmura, Karan S Dixit, Priya U Kumthekar, Theodore G Karrison, Peter Pytel, John M Collins, Roger Stupp, Ryan T Merrell, Rimas V Lukas, Bakhtiar Yamini
BACKGROUND: A significant unmet need exists for the treatment of glioblastoma, IDH- wildtype (GBM). Preclinical work shows that acetazolamide sensitizes GBM to temozolomide (TMZ) by overcoming TMZ resistance due to BCL-3-dependent upregulation of carbonic anhydrase. Acetazolamide is Food and Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of altitude sickness. Drug repurposing enables the application of drugs to diseases beyond initial indications. This multi-institutional, open-label, phase I trial examined a combination of acetazolamide and TMZ in patients with MGMT promoter-methylated high-grade glioma...
2024: Neuro-oncology advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38419238/socio-demographic-characteristics-of-children-and-young-people-with-primary-brain-tumours-comparison-between-a-public-and-private-sector-tertiary-hospital-in-karachi-pakistan
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Faiza Urooj, Nida Zahid, Nick Brown, Russell Seth Martins, Thomas Martensson, Andreas Martensson, Ather Enam
Primary brain tumours (PBTs) are the commonest solid tumours in children and young people (CYP). A study was conducted at a private and a public sector hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, to determine the socio-demographic and tumour-related characteristics of CYP with PBTs between those presenting to the public and private hospitals. A total of 49 patients were included. The commonest PBT was pilocytic astrocytoma (29%). There were no differences in tumour-related characteristics between the two groups. However, parents of CYP with PBTs presenting to the public sector hospital were significantly less educated and had lower household incomes...
February 2024: JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38416133/glioblastoma-infiltrating-cd8-t-cells-are-predominantly-a-clonally-expanded-gzmk-effector-population
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anthony Z Wang, Bryce L Mashimo, Maximilian O Schaettler, Ngima D Sherpa, Lydia A Leavitt, Alexandra J Livingstone, Saad M Khan, Mao Li, Markus I Anzaldua-Campos, Joseph D Bradley, Eric C Leuthardt, Albert H Kim, Joshua L Dowling, Michael R Chicoine, Pamela S Jones, Bryan D Choi, Daniel P Cahill, Bob S Carter, Allegra A Petti, Tanner M Johanns, Gavin P Dunn
Recent clinical trials have highlighted the limited efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). To better understand the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in GBM, we performed cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with paired V(D)J sequencing, respectively, on TIL from two cohorts of patients totaling 15 patients with high grade glioma, including GBM or astrocytoma, IDH mutant, grade 4 (G4A)...
February 28, 2024: Cancer Discovery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414688/neurophysiotherapy-in-grade-ii-diffuse-astrocytoma-a-case-report
#31
Simran F Sheikh, Aditi Akhuj, Raghumahanti Raghuveer, Akshaya Saklecha
Diffuse astrocytoma is a slow, progressive, and invasive tumor that develops from astrocytes and there is no discernible boundary between tumor and brain cells. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman with diffuse astrocytoma who experienced sudden left-sided weakness, multiple convulsive episodes, and vomiting. The patient underwent surgery for a left occipital mini craniotomy with complete tumor removal through a titanium burr hole. Postoperatively, the patient complained of bilateral upper and lower extremities weakness, and decreased muscular tone was found; hence, she was referred to undergo neurophysiotherapy...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414131/collision-tumor-multinodular-and-vacuolating-neuronal-tumor-with-isocitrate-dehydrogenase-mutant-diffuse-astrocytoma
#32
Vinodh A Kumar, Alejandro Perez, Angela L Young, Julia Jones, Barbara J O'Brien, Frederick F Lang, Jason T Huse, Gregory N Fuller
Herein, we report a case of a collision tumor involving a multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) and a diffuse astrocytoma. A collision tumor between these two entities has not previously been reported. The patient is a 35-year-old woman who presented with new-onset hearing loss and ringing in her right ear. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a non-enhancing mass involving the gray matter and subcortical white matter of the left middle frontal gyrus. Additionally, tiny clustered nodules were noted along the underlying subcortical ribbon and superficial subcortical white matter of the left superior frontal gyrus...
February 27, 2024: Neuropathology: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409363/exploring-prognostic-factors-and-treatment-strategies-for-long-term-survival-in-pleomorphic-xanthoastrocytoma-patients
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chaejin Lee, Yukyeng Byeon, Gung Ju Kim, Juhee Jeon, Chang Ki Hong, Jeong Hoon Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Young Hyun Cho, Seok Ho Hong, Sang Joon Chong, Sang Woo Song
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) are rare, accounting for < 1% of all astrocytomas. Literature on the clinical course and treatment outcomes of PXAs is limited. The study aimed to determine prognosis and treatment strategies for PXAs. Patients who had PXAs surgery between 2000-2021 were retrospectively analyzed for demographics and radiological characteristics. Initial and salvage treatment outcomes were recorded. Overall, 40 and 9 patients had grade 2 and 3 PXAs; their 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 75...
February 26, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38405203/identifying-idh-mutant-and-1p-19q-noncodeleted-astrocytomas-from-nonenhancing-gliomas-manual-recognition-followed-by-artificial-intelligence-recognition
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lei He, Hong Zhang, Tianshi Li, Jianing Yang, Yanpeng Zhou, Jiaxiang Wang, Tuerhong Saidaer, Xiaoyan Bai, Xing Liu, Yinyan Wang, Lei Wang
BACKGROUND: The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign (T2FM) has nearly 100% specificity for predicting IDH-mutant and 1p/19q noncodeleted astrocytomas (astrocytomas). However, only 18.2%-56.0% of astrocytomas demonstrate a positive T2FM. Methods must be considered for distinguishing astrocytomas from negative T2FM gliomas. In this study, positive T2FM gliomas were manually distinguished from nonenhancing gliomas, and then a support vector machine (SVM) classification model was used to distinguish astrocytomas from negative T2FM gliomas...
2024: Neuro-oncology advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38404571/mgmt-unmethylation-and-high-levels-of-cd47-and-tigit-indicate-a-poor-prognosis-in-adult-diffuse-gliomas
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lingbo Ma, Yi Shi, Chang Li, Bin Deng, Jinfang Jiang, Yuwen Cao, Lianghai Wang, Hongyan Li
INTRODUCTION: In 2021, the World Health Organization published a new classification system for central nervous system tumors. This study reclassified the adult diffuse glioma (ADG) into astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma (GBM) according to the new tumor classification. METHODS: The association of TERT promoter (pTERT) mutation, MGMT methylation, and CD47/TIGIT expression with patient prognosis was investigated. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression levels of CD47 and TIGIT in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in normal brain tissues...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403160/the-impact-of-wound-healing-assay-phorbol-myristate-acetate-pma-stimulation-and-sirna-mediated-furin-gene-silencing-on-endogenous-retroviral-ervw-1-expression-level-in-u87-mg-astrocytoma-cells
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grzegorz Machnik, Łukasz Bułdak, Karolina Zapletal-Pudełko, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek, Rafał Staszkiewicz, Dawid Sobański, Bogusław Okopień
PURPOSE: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ubiquitous genomic sequences. Normally dormant HERVs, undergo reactivation by environmental factors. This deregulation of HERVs' transcriptional equilibrium correlates with medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we sought to explore whether exposing the U-87 MG astrocytoma cells to traumatic injury deregulates the expression of HERV-W family member ERVW-1 encoding syncytin-1. We also examined the expression of FURIN gene that is crucial in syncytin-1 synthesis...
February 23, 2024: Advances in Medical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391974/signaling-pathways-of-axl-receptor-tyrosine-kinase-contribute-to-the-pathogenetic-mechanisms-of-glioblastoma
#37
REVIEW
Alberto Repici, Alessio Ardizzone, Fabiola De Luca, Lorenzo Colarossi, Angela Prestifilippo, Gabriele Pizzino, Irene Paterniti, Emanuela Esposito, Anna Paola Capra
Brain tumors are a diverse collection of neoplasms affecting the brain with a high prevalence rate in people of all ages around the globe. In this pathological context, glioblastoma, a form of glioma that belongs to the IV-grade astrocytoma group, is the most common and most aggressive form of the primary brain tumors. Indeed, despite the best treatments available including surgery, radiotherapy or a pharmacological approach with Temozolomide, glioblastoma patients' mortality is still high, within a few months of diagnosis...
February 19, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390278/a-case-report-of-a-child-with-pulmonary-hypertension-associated-with-sars-cov-2-infection
#38
Kentaro Okunushi, Hironobu Kobayashi, Yuri Yoh, Masaya Kunimatsu, Tadashi Shiohama, Tomozumi Takatani, Hiromichi Hamada
We encountered a pediatric case of pulmonary hypertension triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A 14-year-old girl was brought to the emergency department of our hospital with fever, respiratory distress, and impaired consciousness. She tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 upon a polymerase chain reaction examination and had prolonged hypoxemia without pneumonia. An echocardiography revealed elevated right ventricular pressure. She was diagnosed with pilocytic astrocytoma at the age of 10 years and underwent a resection of a pituitary tumor...
2024: Frontiers in Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388726/sequencing-of-cerebrospinal-fluid-cell-free-dna-facilitated-early-differential-diagnosis-of-intramedullary-spinal-cord-tumors
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruichao Chai, Songyuan An, Han Lin, Bo Pang, Hao Yan, Yun Liu, Yilin Wu, Long Wang, Xing Liu, Huiyuan Chen, Xueyu Yang, Qing Chang, Wenqing Jia, Yongzhi Wang
Pre-surgery differential diagnosis is valuable for personalized treatment planning in intramedullary spinal cord tumors. This study assessed the performance of sequencing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for differential diagnosis of these tumors. Prospectively enrolling 45 patients with intramedullary spinal cord lesions, including diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3K27-altered (14/45), glioblastoma (1/45), H3-wildtype-astrocytoma (10/45), ependymoma (11/45), and other lesions (9/45), CSF samples were collected via lumbar puncture (41/45), intraoperative extraction (3/45), and Ommaya reservoir (1/45)...
February 22, 2024: NPJ Precision Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388383/clinicopathological-analysis-of-rosette-forming-glioneuronal-tumors
#40
REVIEW
Jing Liu, Fan Lin, Yanhua Sun, Xia Liu
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnostic indicators, and critical factors for the differential diagnosis of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included six surgically treated RGNT cases. We analyzed and summarized their clinical manifestations, radiological features, histological morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular genetic changes, supplemented with a literature review...
February 22, 2024: Diagnostic Pathology
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