Heart valve diameter changes

BACKGROUND: We aimed to analyze the impact of concomitant Maze procedure on the clinical and rhythm outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters in tricuspid repair for patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: Patients who had severe TR and persistent AF and underwent tricuspid valve (TV) repair were included in the study. Both primary TR and secondary TR were included in the current study. The study population was stratified according to Maze procedure...

The Ross procedure is an excellent option for aortic valve replacement resulting in outstanding hemodynamic performance and the ability to avoid systemic anticoagulation. The long-term durability of the autograft is generally good but concerns for later aortic root dilation with ensuing neoaortic insufficiency have prompted efforts to stabilize the autograft, root, sinuses and Sino-tubular junction in order to delay or entirely avoid late reinterventions on the neoaortic root. We have employed an inclusion technique, supporting the Auto-graft in a Terumo Gelweave™ Valsalva graft...

AIMS: Prognostic impact of post-procedural changes in right ventricular (RV) function after tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) is still unclear. We investigated association of RV function and its post-procedural changes with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing T-TEER. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively analysed 204 patients who underwent T-TEER and echocardiographic follow-up at 3 months after T-TEER. RV function was assessed by RV fractional area change (RVFAC), and RV dysfunction was defined as RVFAC <35%...

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital heart defect that affects 0.5-2% of the general population with familial predominance. The modifications in hemodynamics and structure change at cellular level contribute to the dilation of aorta, resulting in bicuspid aortopathy, which can result in catastrophic aortic events. The American Heart Association recommends screening first-degree relatives of patients with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic root disease. BAV may or may not be associated with a syndrome, with the non-syndromic variety having a higher chance of predisposition to congenital and vascular abnormalities...

To report the prevalence of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) in fetuses with single left superior vena cava (SL-SVC) and to evaluate changes in echocardiographic measurements. Additionally, to report the prevalence of associated malformations. Retrospective observational study of fetuses diagnosed with SL-SVC between 2012 and 2021 at a tertiary fetal cardiology unit. In fetuses without intracardiac abnormalities, Z-scores of the ventricles, great arteries, and Doppler flow patterns are reported. We identified 47 fetuses with SL-SVC of which 8/47 (17%) had abnormal intracardiac anatomy...

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of perioperative cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2 ) with various preoperative clinical variables and hemodynamic changes during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) under general anesthesia. We retrospectively analyzed cerebral rSO2 values from left-hemisphere measurements obtained using near-infrared spectroscopy (O3™ regional oximetry) at five time points: pre-induction, the start of the procedure, the start of valve deployment, time of lowest cerebral rSO2 value during valve deployment, and the end of the procedure...

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) can be distinguished into high- (HG) and low-gradient (LG) subgroups. However, less is known about their characteristics and underlying (pathophysiological) hemodynamic mechanisms. METHODS: 98 AS patients with reduced LVEF were included. Subgroup characteristics were analyzed by a multimodal approach using clinical and histological data, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and applying echocardiography as well as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging...

Changes in heart structure and function after lung resection in patients with lung cancer are challenging to manage. Therefore, a non-invasive and reliable measurement tool to gauge such changes is critical. The purpose of the present study was to compare cardiological changes before and after lung resection using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). A total of 43 patients (19 men and 24 women) with primary non-small cell lung cancer (n=37) and metastatic cancer in the lungs (n=6) were enrolled in the study.nTDI was used to determine the thickness of the ascending aorta, the open size of the ascending valve, the anterior-oposterior diameters of the left atrium and left ventricle, and the thickness of the ventricular septum and right ventricle before and after lung resection...

BACKGROUND: Paravalvular leakage (PVL) is a common finding after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and affects late clinical outcome. It is more frequent with self-expandable (SE) transcatheter-heart-valve (THV). Few is known about SE-THV expansion after implantation. The purpose is to assess SE-THV frame expansion and its possible influence on PVL. METHODS: We designed a prospective pilot study to assess the time-course of SE-THV frame dimensions and PVL after TAVR...

Regular, vigorous physical activity can have a significant impact on cardiac function, leading to cardiac morphological alterations that may be challenging to distinguish from pathological changes. Therefore, new screening methods are needed to accurately differentiate between adaptive changes and pathological alterations in athletes. Vortex formation time (VFT) is an emerging method that shows potential in this regard, as it involves the formation of a rotating vortex ring in the left ventricle during the early filling phase of diastole...

BACKGROUND: Chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) is a volume overload state that causes dilatation of the left sided cardiac chambers. The presence of significant dilatation is considered an indication for mitral valve intervention, however, aging may affect left ventricular (LV) remodeling independently of valvular disease. The objective of this study was to examine age-related changes in cardiac remodeling in a broad population of patients with chronic MR. METHODS: Consecutive subjects that underwent echocardiography examinations recorded in the echocardiography database of a university-affiliated laboratory were retrieved...

OBJECTIVE: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a progressive disease with high mortality and limited medical treatment options, and its association with atrial fibrillation (AF) has been documented. This study aimed to investigate whether successful rhythm control through catheter ablation for AF could reduce TR severity. METHODS: A total of 106 patients with drug-refractory AF with moderate to severe secondary TR who underwent AF ablation were screened from a single-centre ablation registry...

AIMS: Transcatheter tricuspid edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) has gained widespread use for the treatment of tricuspid regurgitation in symptomatic patients with high operative risk. Although secondary TR is the most common pathology, some patients exhibit primary or predominantly primary TR. Characterization of patients with these pathologies in the T-TEER context has not been systematically performed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients assigned to T-TEER by the interdisciplinary Heart Team were consecutively recruited in two European centers over 4 years...

INTRODUCTION: The tricuspid valve and its annulus (TA) and the right atrium (RA) play a significant role in regulating blood flow in the right heart. However, their effect on each other is not fully understood even in normal circumstances. Three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is able to simultaneously assess TA and RA at the same time in a non-invasive way. The present study aimed to examine associations between tricuspid annular (TA) dimensions and right atrial (RA) volumes in healthy adults by 3DSTE...

This study sought to characterize transvalvular hemodynamics during the first 30 days after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) across various transcatheter heart valves (THVs), while adjusting for annular dimensions. This was an observational study of TAVIs from September 2021 to October 2022. The primary outcome was mean transvalvular pressure gradient (TVPG), measured using transthoracic echocardiography at day 0, day 1, and day 30 post-TAVI, and were compared across 3 THV, including the self-expandable intra-annular Portico (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) valve, the balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 Ultra (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California), and the self-expandable supra-annular Evolut Pro+ (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota)...

Background Establishing surgical criteria for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in severe aortic regurgitation in young adults is challenging due to the lack of evidence-based recommendations. We studied indications for AVR in young adults with severe aortic regurgitation and their outcomes, as well as the relationship between presurgical echocardiographic parameters and postoperative left ventricular (LV) size, function, clinical events, and valve-related complications. Methods and Results Data were collected retrospectively on 172 consecutive adult patients who underwent AVR or repair for severe aortic regurgitation between 2005 and 2019 in a tertiary cardiac center (age at surgery 29 [22-41] years, 81% male)...

Introduction Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is characterized by hyperinflammation, heart involvement, and multiorgan failure, which develop following coronavirus disease 2019. Ventricular arrhythmias have been identified during this syndrome. It is known that the risk of ventricular arrhythmia is associated with ventricular repolarization changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the corrected QT interval, QT dispersion, T wave peak-to-end interval, and T-peak to T-end/corrected QT ratio in MIS-C...

Background Short-term effects on mitral valve (MV) anatomy after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair using the PASCAL system remain unknown. Precise quantification might allow for an advanced analysis of predictors for mean transmitral gradients. Methods and Results Consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for secondary mitral regurgitation using PASCAL or MitraClip systems were included. Quantification of short-term MV changes throughout the cardiac cycle was performed using peri-interventional 3-dimensional MV images...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of heart valve surgery in patients with heart disease and the factors contributing to poor patient prognosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 172 patients with heart disease treated in Peking University International Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021, with surgical treatment in the study group (86 patients) and conservative treatment in the control group (86 patients), by comparing factors such as patient age, preoperative cardiac function status, type and degree of valve lesion, surgical method and time of aortic block and perioperative treatment in both groups with clinical cure rate...

BACKGROUND: Despite successful mitral valve replacement (MVR), many patients remain in AF. Flecainide can be useful in these patients but has not been used because of underlying structural heart disease. METHODS: We assessed oral flecainide for conversion and maintenance of SR in 25 patients of chronic rheumatic AF following MVR (age 34.4 yrs, mean AF duration: 3.6 yrs). Non-converters underwent DC cardioversion at 24 h and 4 weeks. Patients received flecainide and bb/diltiazem at discharge...