Cell therapy

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase which associates directly with extracellular receptors, and is critically involved in signal transduction pathways in a variety of cell types for the regulation of cellular responses. SYK is expressed ubiquitously in immune and nonimmune cells, and has a much wider biological role than previously recognized. Several studies have highlighted SYK as a key player in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen, which is responsible for systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals, accounting for a major cause of severe chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients and subsequently resulting in a progressive deterioration of lung function...

Metastasis is the most important feature of gastric cancer (GC) and the most widely recognized reason for GC-related deaths. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanism behind this metastasis remains unknown. Mounting evidence suggests the dynamic regulatory role of sirtuin2 (SIRT2), a histone deacetylase (HDAC), in cell migration and invasion. The present study aims to evaluate the biological function of SIRT2 in GC and identify the target of SIRT2 as well as evaluate its therapeutic efficacy. We found that SIRT2 was upregulated in GC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and this was correlated with reduced patient survival...

BACKGROUND: Putative treatments derived from in-vivo stem cell transplant derived dopamine (DA) assessed with hemiparkinsonian rats have been assessed via DA-agonist-induced rotations involving imbalanced intra-hemispheric striatal DA receptor stimulation. However, such tests obscure the natural responses of grafts to sensory stimuli, and drug-induced plasticity can modify the circuit being tested. Thus, we propose an alternative testing strategy using a novel water tank swimming apparatus...

RATIONALE: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive vasoconstriction and obliterative vascular remodeling that leads to right heart failure (RHF) and death. Current therapies do not target vascular remodeling and RHF, and only result in modest improvement of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether targeting HIF-2α with a HIF-2α-selective inhibitor could reverse PAH and RHF in different rodent PAH models...

Critical lower-limb ischaemia (CLLI) is associated with high risk of limb loss and a lethal outcome, as well as with decreased quality of life. The underlying cause of the disease is imbalance between blood supply of ischaemized tissues and their metabolic demands. Restoration of adequate perfusion with the help of standard medicamentous therapy or operative treatment is often inefficient or impossible. Cell therapy (CT) is a novel strategy making it possible to stimulate the growth of the microvascular bed and the mechanisms of molecular-cellular repair...

BACKGROUND: Since the discovery of adult mesenchymal stem cells extensive research has been conducted to determine their mechanisms of differentiation and effectiveness in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To assess the efficacy of autologous dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells delivered in a collagen matrix for post-extraction socket healing, a single-centre, double-blind, randomised, split-mouth, controlled clinical trial was performed...

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma, with these agents significantly improving survival for patients with metastatic disease. With the increasing use of these agents, the number of adverse reactions secondary to their use has also increased. Sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions are one such immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse event. We report a case of sarcoid-like granulomatous tumoral melanosis in a patient on the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor inhibitor pembrolizumab for metastatic melanoma...

A hybridized chain reaction (HCR)-based biosensing method has been developed for the imaging detection of intracellular telomerase activity. The telomerase-targeting responder-transmitter DNA complex (HPT) consisting of telomerase primer sequence (HP) and a HCR initiator (trigger) is transfected into cell plasma. In the presence of telomerase, HPT can be recognized and extended, producing plenty of triggers which initiates HCR amplification reaction. Finally, a long nicked dsDNA with a lot of outstretched single chains was formed by hybridizing with Q of the reporter complex, generating an enhanced fluorescence signal...

Mitophagy, the selective degradation of mitochondria via the autophagic pathway, is a vital mechanism of mitochondrial quality control in cells. The removal of malfunctioning or damaged mitochondria is essential for normal cellular physiology and tissue development. Stimulation of mitochondrial permeabilization and release of proapoptotic factors from the intermembrane space is an essential step in triggering the mitochondrial pathway of cell death. In this study, we analyzed the extent to which mitophagy interferes with cell death, attenuating the efficiency of cancer therapy...

History In November 2012, a previously healthy 31-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a 2-month history of right-sided numbness, diplopia, and intermittent nausea and dizziness. She did not have a history of fever, weight loss, headache, photophobia, seizure, or extremity weakness. Physical examination revealed left abduction limitation and right-sided hypoesthesia. Kernig and Brudzinski signs were absent, and pathergy test results were negative. Laboratory evaluation revealed normal complete and differential blood counts, normal serum chemistry, and normal immune function...

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy disorder, remains a major unmet medical need. Propofol is used as short-acting medication for general anesthesia and refractory status epilepticus with issues of decreased consciousness and memory loss. Dipropofol, a derivative of propofol, has been reported to exert antioxidative and antibacterial activities. Here we report that dipropofol exerted anticonvulsant activity in mouse model of kainic acid-induced seizures. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of brain slices from the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) revealed that dipropofol hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential and reduced the number of action potential firings, resulting in suppression of cortical neuronal excitability...

BACKGROUND: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The treatment response and overall survival (OS) improved after incorporating rituximab with chemotherapies. Yet, available evidence as to whether women and men may benefit similarly from rituximab have not been adequately addressed, particularly in the real-world setting. The objective of this study was to examine sex differences in the clinical outcomes of rituximab in DLBCL patients using the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and National Health Insurance Research Database...

BACKGROUND: Although patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) benefit from treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), outcomes are limited by the eventual development of acquired resistance. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of EGFR-TKI therapy beyond focal progression, associated with microwave ablation. METHODS: Patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with EGFR-TKIs at our institutions from May 2012 to December 2017 were identified...

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a standard therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer; however, the response varies depending on cases. Therefore, CRT-response predictors need to be elucidated. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), comprising a small part of tumors, are associated with tumor progression and recurrence due to their self-renewal and proliferation abilities. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is one of the several putative CSC markers; however, the clinical impact of its expression in rectal cancer has not been evaluated...

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play an important role in renal physiology and pathophysiology partly through its influence on various transport systems in the kidney proximal tubule. The role of NO in the kidney dysfunction associated with the lysosomal storage disorder, cystinosis, is largely unknown. In the present study, the effects of iNOS-specific inhibitor, 1400W, on Na+ ,K+ -ATPase activity and expression, mitochondrial integrity and function, nutrient metabolism, and apoptosis were investigated in Ctns null proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs)...

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited fatal X-linked myogenic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 3500 male live births. It affects voluntary muscles, and heart and breathing muscles. DMD is characterised by continuous degeneration and regeneration cycles resulting in extensive fibrosis and a progressive reduction in muscle mass. Since the identification of a reduction in dystrophin protein as the cause of this disorder, numerous innovative and experimental therapies, focusing on increasing the levels of dystrophin, have been proposed, but the clinical improvement has been unsatisfactory...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease associated with metabolic syndrome and can lead to life-threatening complications like hepatic carcinoma and cirrhosis. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist antidiabetic drug, has the capacity to overcome insulin resistance and attenuate hepatic steatosis but the specific underlying mechanism is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of exenatide therapy on NAFLD. We used in vivo and in vitro techniques to investigate the protective effects of exenatide on fatty liver via fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) in a high-fat (HF) diet-induced NAFLD animal model and related cell culture model...

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RATIONALE: As suggested by the 2012 KDIGO guidelines, persistent elevation of serum creatinine > 3.5 mg/dl (> 309 μmol/l) (or an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min per 1.73 m is one of contradictions for the use of immunosuppressive therapy in membranous nephropathy. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old man with membranous nephropathy negative for serum anti-phospholipase-A2-receptor antibody, showed no response to corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide...

RATIONALE: Diffuse giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: We reported the imaging appearance and the pathological findings of 2 male cases with diffuse GCT-TS in the TMJ (52 years for the case 1 and 50 years for the case 2) who complain of the hearing disorders of left ear when presenting to our hospital. DIAGNOSIS: Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed an irregular mass in the left temporal fossa with the sizes of approximately 5...