stress and cardiac death

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a severe hereditary arrhythmia syndrome predominantly affecting children and young adults. It manifests through bidirectional or polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia, often culminating in syncope triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Most cases stem from mutations in the gene responsible for encoding the cardiac ryanodine receptor ( RyR2 ), or in the Calsequestrin 2 gene ( CASQ2 ), disrupting the handling of calcium ions within the cardiac myocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum...

Background: Noninvasive imaging methods, either anatomical or functional tests, serve as essential instruments for the appropriate management of patients with established or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) plus stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (S-CMR) strategy in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Methods: Patients with suspected CCS showing intermediate coronary plaques (stenosis 30-70%) at CCTA underwent S-CMR...

Background and Objectives : Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global cause of death. Effective secondary prevention is crucial, involving risk factor modification and cardiac rehabilitation. However, mental factors, particularly depression, exert a significant influence on CVD outcomes by increasing cardiovascular risk and impeding treatment adherence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of psychological state on the effectiveness of rehabilitation in cardiac patients. Materials and Methods : Thirty-three patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation participated in a 3-week program, retrospectively categorized into two groups: those with and without depressive symptoms...

This review explores ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death reliant on iron-induced phospholipid peroxidation, in diverse physiological and pathological contexts, including neurodegenerative disorders, and ischemia-reperfusion. In the realm of cardiovascular diseases, it significantly contributes to cardiomyopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Ferroptosis involves intricate interactions within cellular iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and the balance between polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids...

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a distinct form of coronary artery disease that represents a major cause of death beyond the first year after heart transplantation. The pathophysiology of CAV is still not completely elucidated; it involves progressive circumferential wall thickening of both the epicardial and intramyocardial coronary arteries. Coronary angiography is still considered the gold-standard test for the diagnosis of CAV, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can detect early intimal thickening with improved sensitivity...

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multi-organ systemic syndrome that involves cardiac and extra-cardiac pathophysiological abnormalities. Its growing prevalence causes a major public concern worldwide. HFpEF is usually associated with multiple comorbidities, and non-cardiovascular death is common in patients with HFpEF. In Asia, patients with HFpEF has a younger age, higher prevalence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease than Western countries. A 2-step diagnostic algorithm is recommended in this guideline...

BACKGROUND: Defects of mitophagy, the selective form of autophagy for mitochondria, are commonly observed in several cardiovascular diseases and represent the main cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. For this reason, mitophagy has emerged as a novel and potential therapeutic target. METHODS: In this review, we discuss current evidence about the biological significance of mitophagy in relevant preclinical models of cardiac and vascular diseases, such as heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury, metabolic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis...

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis, contributing to increased mortality risk. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) takes a crucial part in mitigating atherosclerosis and inflammation through its diverse functionalities. Conversely, fibrinogen is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the mortality risk predictive capacity of fibrinogen to HDL-cholesterol ratio (FHR) in AMI patients remains unexplored...

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is a famous Chinese traditional medicine, which is widely used for treating various chronic inflammatory diseases. Although there are reports that Centella total glycosides exhibit heart-protective properties, our previous experiment showed that it has cardiac toxic effects in zebrafish. The components of Centella total glycosides are complex, so we recommend further research to determine their key components and mechanisms. In this study, sample quantification was done using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry...

Ongoing cardiomyocyte injury is a major mechanism in the progression of heart failure, particularly in dystrophic hearts. Due to the poor regenerative capacity of the adult heart, cardiomyocyte death results in the permanent loss of functional myocardium. Understanding the factors contributing to myocyte injury is essential for the development of effective heart failure therapies. As a model of persistent cardiac injury, we examined mice lacking β-sarcoglycan (β-SG), a key component of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC)...

INTRODUCTION: Maternal diabetes is a recognized risk factor for both short-term and long-term complications in offspring. Beyond the direct teratogenicity of maternal diabetes, the intrauterine environment can influence the offspring's cardiovascular health. Abnormalities in the cardiac sympathetic system are implicated in conditions such as sudden infant death syndrome, cardiac arrhythmic death, heart failure, and certain congenital heart defects in children from diabetic pregnancies...

Long-term hyperglycemia can lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a main lethal complication of diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying DCM development have not been fully elucidated. Heat shock protein A12A (HSPA12A) is the atypic member of HSP70 family. In the present study, we found that the expression of HSPA12A was upregulated in hearts of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, while ablation of HSPA12A improved cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction and increased cumulative survival of diabetic mice...

Dysregulation of autophagy has previously been associated with the formation of toxic proteins, such as α-synuclein, in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, it has been indicated that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) can inhibit autophagy in certain conditions, such as diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, the hypothesis that PDCD4 can promote dopaminergic neuron damage through autophagy was proposed. To explore this hypothesis, the present study treated human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) to establish an in vitro model of PD...

BACKGROUND: Fast-conducting atrial fibrillation misinterpreted as ventricular tachycardia is the leading cause for inappropriate shocks in patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD). These inappropriate shocks are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and cause great discomfort and stress. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy, permanent atrial fibrillation, and a single-chamber DF-1 ICD implanted for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death, who presented for multiple inappropriate internal shocks due to very fast-conducting atrial fibrillation, which was mislabeled as ventricular fibrillation by the ICD...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has been recently recognized as an important gasotransmitter with cardioprotections, and iron is vital for various cellular activities. This study explored the regulatory role of H2 S on iron metabolism and mitochondrial functions in cultured rat cardiac cells. Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, was used for establishing an in vitro model of ischemic cell damage. It was first found that rotenone induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation, eventually causing cell death...

This study aims to analyze post-mortem human cardiac specimens, to verify and evaluate the existence or extent of oxidative stress in subjects whose cause of death has been traced to sepsis, through immunohistological oxidative/nitrosative stress markers. Indeed, in the present study, i-NOS, NOX2, and nitrotyrosine markers were higher expressed in the septic death group when compared to the control group, associated with also a significant increase in 8-OHdG, highlighting the pivotal role of oxidative stress in septic etiopathogenesis...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects > 10% of the global adult population and significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death in this population. The development and progression of CVD-compared to the general population-is premature and accelerated, manifesting as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. CKD and CV disease combine to cause multimorbid cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) due to contributions from shared risk factors, including systolic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia...

Neonatal mouse hearts have transient renewal capacity, which is lost in juvenile and adult stages. In neonatal mouse hearts, myocardial infarction (MI) causes an initial loss of cardiomyocytes. However, it is unclear which type of regulated cell death (RCD) occurs in stressed cardiomyocytes. In the current studies, we induced MI in neonatal and juvenile mouse hearts and showed that ischemic cardiomyocytes primarily undergo ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic and iron-dependent form of RCD. We demonstrated that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) protect cardiomyocytes from ferroptosis through paracrine effects and direct cell-cell interaction...

Worldwide stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability combined. The estimated global economic burden by stroke is over US$891 billion per year. Within three decades (1990-2019), the incidence increased by 70%, deaths by 43%, prevalence by 102%, and DALYs by 143%. Of over 100 million people affected by stroke, about 76% are ischemic stroke (IS) patients recorded worldwide. Contextually, ischemic stroke moves into particular focus of multi-professional groups including researchers, healthcare industry, economists, and policy-makers...

An increasing number of individuals is at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its cardiovascular complications, including heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and premature death. The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) protein sits in the proximal tubule of human nephrons to regulate glucose reabsorption, and its inhibition by gliflozins represents the cornerstone of contemporary T2D and HF management. Herein, we aim to provide an updated view on the pleiotropy of gliflozins, provide mechanistic insights and delineate related cardiovascular (CV) benefits...