Gaba

Acute lung injury (ALI) is generally caused by severe respiratory infection and characterized by overexuberant inflammatory responses and inefficient pathogens-containing, the two major processes wherein alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a central role. Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked with distorted macrophages and hence lung disorders, but few treatments are currently available to correct these defects. Plant-derive nanovesicles have gained significant attention because of their therapeutic potential, but the targeting cells and the underlying mechanism remain elusive...

OBJECTIVE: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) regulates energy homeostasis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and metabolic signaling in the brain. Deficiency of LRP1 in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons causes severe obesity in mice. However, the impact of LRP1 in inhibitory neurons on memory function and cognition in the context of obesity is poorly understood. METHODS: Mice lacking LRP1 in GABAergic neurons (Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP ) underwent behavioral tests for locomotor activity and motor coordination, short/long-term and spatial memory, and fear learning/memory...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) receptors in the cells of the immune system enhance anti-inflammatory responses by regulating cytokine secretion, cytotoxic responses, and cell activation. In the CNS, the formation of GABA-A subunits into a pentameric structure has been extensively studied; however, no such study has been conducted in the immune system. The objective of the present study was to examine associations between the levels of steroid hormones and GABA-A receptor δ subunit expression in the immune system...

Development and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been linked to variations in gut microbiota and their associated metabolites in both animal and human studies. However, the involvement of the gut microbiome in alcohol consumption of individuals with AUD undergoing treatment remains unclear. To address this, stool samples (n=48) were collected at screening (baseline) and trial completion from a single site of a multi-site double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Zonisamide in individuals with AUD...

BACKGROUND: The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) variant causes developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 45 (DEE45), an autosomal dominant disorder that results in oculocortical visual impairment, reduced muscle tone, psychomotor retardation, and epilepsy. Analysis of the clinical features and genetics of DEE45 may be helpful in complementing genotype-phenotype studies. CASE PRESENTATION: We collected peripheral blood samples from the affected children and parents and extracted genomic DNA...

Astrocytes, the most abundant non-neuronal cell type in the mammalian brain, are crucial circuit components that respond to and modulate neuronal activity through calcium (Ca2+ ) signalling1-7 . Astrocyte Ca2+ activity is highly heterogeneous and occurs across multiple spatiotemporal scales-from fast, subcellular activity3,4 to slow, synchronized activity across connected astrocyte networks8-10 -to influence many processes5,7,11 . However, the inputs that drive astrocyte network dynamics remain unclear. Here we used ex vivo and in vivo two-photon astrocyte imaging while mimicking neuronal neurotransmitter inputs at multiple spatiotemporal scales...

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are principally diagnosed by three core behavioural symptoms, such as stereotyped repertoire, communication impairments and social dysfunctions. This complex pathology has been linked to abnormalities of corticostriatal and limbic circuits. Despite experimental efforts in elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind these abnormalities, a clear etiopathogenic hypothesis is still lacking. To this aim, preclinical studies can be really helpful to longitudinally study behavioural alterations resembling human symptoms and to investigate the underlying neurobiological correlates...

The serotonin signaling system plays a crucial role in regulating the ontogeny of crustaceans. Here, we describe the effects of different concentrations of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor antagonist (WAY-100635) on the induced antipredation ( Rhodeus ocellatus as the predator), morphological, behavioral, and life-history defenses of Daphnia magna and use transcriptomics to analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicate that exposure to WAY-100635 leads to changes in the expression of different defensive traits in D...

One of the most important organic compounds, also known as a Schiff base, imine, or azomethine, has been associated with several biological processes. The group is a component of both natural or synthetic chemicals and functions as both a precursor and an intermediary in the synthesis of therapeutically active substances. The review highlights the various non-metal Schiff bases' structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, general model, docking, and design approach for anticonvulsant actions. Schiff bases serve as linkers in numerous synthetic compounds with a variety of activities, according to the findings of several investigations...

Optimal stomatal regulation is important for plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions and for maintaining crop yield. The guard-cell signal GABA is produced from glutamate by Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) during a reaction that generates carbon dioxide (CO2) as a by-product. Here, we investigated a putative connection between GABA signalling and the more clearly defined CO2 signalling pathway in guard cells. The GABA-deficient mutant lines gad2-1, gad2-2 and gad1/2/4/5 were examined for stomatal sensitivity to various CO2 concentrations...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the GABA+/Glx (glutamate-glutamine) ratio in the prefrontal lobe under non-rapid eye movement sleep between patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and normal controls and explore the correlation between this difference and abnormal cognitive function, using synchronous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (EEG-fMRS). METHODS: MRS measurements of GABA+ and Glx concentrations as well as synchronous EEG data were obtained from 26 medication-naive patients with NT1 and 29 sex- and age-matched healthy community volunteers...

Tonic inhibition in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is mediated by α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. By Caraiscos VB, Elliott EM, You-Ten KE, Cheng VY, Belelli D, Newell JG, Jackson MF, Lambert JJ, Rosahl TW, Wafford KA, MacDonald JF, Orser BA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:3662-7. Reprinted with permission. In this Classic Paper Revisited, the author recounts the scientific journey leading to a report published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and shares several personal stories from her formative years and "research truths" that she has learned along the way...

Isocycloseram is a new insecticide in the isoxazoline class that targets insect GABA-gated chloride channels. In this study, we evaluated a cockroach gel bait formulation containing 1% isocycloseram against a susceptible strain (UCR) and 5 field-collected strains (WM, RG386, Ryan, CDR, and SY) of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), and compared it with several commercial insecticide baits in the laboratory. Using the Ebeling choice box method, we also tested a residual deposit of an SC formulation of isocycloseram against the UCR, RG386, and Ryan strains...

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its heterogeneous nature and aggressive onset. The unresponsiveness to hormone therapies and immunotherapy and the toxicity of chemotherapeutics account for the limited treatment options for TNBC. Ion channels have emerged as possible therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy, but little is known about how ligand gated ion channels, specifically, GABA type A ligand-gated ion channel receptors (GABAA R), affect cancer pathogenesis. Our results show that the GABAA β3 subunit is expressed at higher levels in TNBC cell lines than non-tumorigenic cells, therefore contributing to the idea that limiting the GABAA R via knockdown of the GABAA β3 subunit is a potential strategy for decreasing the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells...

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been associated with hypotensive episodes after autologous breast reconstruction. Gabapentin (Gaba), a nonopioid analgesic used in ERAS, has been shown to attenuate postoperative hemodynamic responses. This study assesses ERAS's impact, with and without Gaba, on postoperative hypotension after microvascular breast reconstruction. METHODS: Three cohorts were studied: traditional pathway, ERAS + Gaba, and ERAS no-Gaba...

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Metamorphosis is a transition from growth to reproduction, through which an animal adopts adult behavior and metabolism. Yet the neural mechanisms underlying the switch is unclear. Here we report that neuronal E93, a transcription factor essential for metamorphosis, regulates the adult metabolism, physiology, and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Identified from a screen designed to find new neuronal regulators of metabolism, E93 is required to control appetite, metabolism, exercise endurance, and circadian rhythms...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of fatality and disability worldwide. From minutes to months following damage, injury can result in a complex pathophysiology that can lead to temporary or permanent deficits including an array of neurodegenerative symptoms. These changes can include behavioral dysregulation, memory dysfunctions, and mood changes including depression. The nature and severity of impairments resulting from TBIs vary widely given the range of injury type, location, and extent of brain tissue involved...

Ketamine is an NMDA-receptor antagonist that produces sedation, analgesia and dissociation at low doses and profound unconsciousness with antinociception at high doses. At high and low doses, ketamine can generate gamma oscillations ( > 25 Hz) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The gamma oscillations are interrupted by slow-delta oscillations (0.1-4 Hz) at high doses. Ketamine's primary molecular targets and its oscillatory dynamics have been characterized. However, how the actions of ketamine at the subcellular level give rise to the oscillatory dynamics observed at the network level remains unknown...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive and memory impairment. The most prominent clinical characteristics of AD are the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation in neurons. It has been proven that embelin (Emb) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, we assessed the therapeutic potential of Emb in Benzo [α]pyrene (BaP)-induced cognitive impairment in experimental mice...