Mindful

In response to the mass adoption and extensive usage of Internet-enabled devices across the world, a major review published in this journal in 2019 examined the impact of Internet on human cognition, discussing the concepts and ideas behind the "online brain". Since then, the online world has become further entwined with the fabric of society, and the extent to which we use such technologies has continued to grow. Furthermore, the research evidence on the ways in which Internet usage affects the human mind has advanced considerably...

Work at the intersection of philosophy and psychiatry has an extensive and influential history, and has received increased attention recently, with the emergence of professional associations and a growing literature. In this paper, we review key advances in work on philosophy and psychiatry, and their related clinical implications. First, in understanding and categorizing mental disorder, both naturalist and normativist considerations are now viewed as important - psychiatric constructs necessitate a consideration of both facts and values...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pain is a prevalent issue among older adults in the United States that impairs quality of life. Physical activity has emerged as a cost-effective and non-pharmacological treatment for chronic pain, offering benefits such as improved physical functioning, weight loss, and enhanced mood. However, promoting physical activity in older individuals with chronic pain is challenging, given the cyclical relationship between pain and sedentary behavior. The Mobile Intervention to Reduce Pain and Improve Health (MORPH) trial was designed as an innovative, mobile health (mHealth) supported intervention to address this issue by targeting daylong movement, weight loss, and mindfulness to manage pain in older adults with chronic multisite pain...

Philosophy of mind has made substantial progress on biologically-rooted approaches to understanding the mind and subjectivity through the enactivist perspective, but research on subjectivity within neuroscience has not kept apace. Indeed, we possess no principled means of relating experiential phenomena to neurophysiological processes. Here, we present the Nested States Model as a framework to guide empirical investigation into the relationship between subjectivity and neurobiology. Building on recent work in phenomenology and philosophy of mind, we develop an account of experiential states as layered, or nested...

BACKGROUND: Various assessment tools that explore and assess mindfulness are available. Keeping in view both the origin of and the literature surrounding mindfulness assessment tools, this study aimed to evaluate the workability of one widely researched tool, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), for establishing cross-cultural generalizability and utility in the Indian context. METHODS: We recruited 303 adults over 18 with proficiency in the Tamil language and no history of significant neurological trauma and/or psychiatric history...

INTRODUCTION: Adult caregivers (ACGs) are largely responsible for caring for their family members, which can increase their stress levels. This increased stress makes them more susceptible to chronic illnesses. The adoption of health-promoting behaviours, particularly through mindfulness-based behavioural education (MBBE), can significantly impact the daily habits of ACGs. However, there is limited research on this topic in the context of Thailand. Thus, this study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of ACGs receiving MBBE, focusing on physical, mental, social and other influential factors...

INTRODUCTION: Vaccine hesitancy was declared as one of the ten threats to global public health by the World Health Organization in 2019. It undermines the effort towards eradication of vaccine-preventable diseases. Healthcare providers, who are directly involved in vaccination services and vaccine advocacies, are important in combating vaccine hesitancy. Studies have shown that vaccine refusers have various reasons for refusal including distrust towards healthcare providers. Hence, it is important to understand healthcare providers' perspectives...

INTRODUCTION: In being an important lifestyle factor, the physical activity influences people's health status, including life expectancy. Specific forms of physical activity are exercises related to hand-to-hand combat in the broadest sense, often overlapping and containing similar elements associated with combat sports (for Western culture) and martial arts (for Far Eastern culture). There are many types of forms of practising hand-to-hand combat exercises, which can be seen as opposing or in some ways complementary, e...

An efficient municipal solid waste (MSW) system is critical to modern cities in order to enhance sustainability and liveability of urban life. With this aim, the planning phase of the MSW system should be carefully addressed by decision makers. However, planning success is dependent on many sources of uncertainty that can affect key parameters of the system, for example, the waste generation rate in an urban area. With this in mind, this article contributes with a robust optimization model to design the network of collection points (i...

BACKGROUND: Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a rare congenital skin lesion affecting approximately 0.3% of all newborns. Although benign, NS lesions can harbor malignant secondary tumors. The published rate of development of these malignant tumors varies. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the rate of malignant and benign secondary neoplasms occurring in NS. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to April 2023...

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent cause of ovulatory infertility and endocrine abnormalities in reproductive-age women. Although the MIND diet has been introduced to improve brain function, evidence shows that the MIND diet is rich in beneficial food groups that can have a preventive effect on other metabolic disorders. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between adherence to the MIND diet and PCOS. METHODS: This age and BMI frequency-matched case-control study was conducted on 216 women between January 2018 and March 2019 in Yazd, Iran...

A principal goal of attention research is to develop tasks with clear behavioral signatures of attentional fluctuations. Measures that index attentional states often fall under two broad umbrellas: decision tasks, in which participants make responses based on the changing requirements of each trial, and rhythm tasks, in which participants respond rhythmically to a uniform stimulus (e.g., a metronome tone). In the former, response speeding typically precedes errors (indicative of attention failures). In the latter, increased response variability precedes subjective reports of off-task states...

Due to the fuzziness of the medical field, q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic (q-RF2L) set is the privileged way to aid medical professionals in conveying their assessments in the patient prioritization problem. The theme of the present study is to put forward a novel approach centered around the merging of prioritized averaging (PA) and the Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) operator within q-RF2L context. According to the prioritization of the professionals and the correlation among the defined criteria, we apply both PA and MSM to assess priority degrees and relationships, respectively...

We present a theory of atypical development based on a developmental theory of the typical mind integrating developmental, cognitive, and psychometric theory and research. The paper comprises three parts. First, it outlines the theory of typical development. The theory postulates central cognitive mechanisms, such as relational integration, executive and inferential processes, and domain-specific processes underlying different environmental relations, such as visuospatial or quantitative relations. Cognitive development advances in cycles satisfying developmental priorities in mastering these systems, such as executive control from 2-6 years, inferential control from 7-11 years, and truth control from 12-18 years...

Studies investigating serial order in working memory have shown that participants from Western cultures are faster at responding to items presented at the beginning of a sequence using their left hand and faster at responding to items at the end with their right hand. This is known as the spatial positional association of response codes (SPoARC) effect. The SPoARC effect provides evidence that recently presented information is spatially organised in the cognitive system along a horizontal axis. This study investigated the flexibility of spatialisation by testing the effect that distance between items presented on a screen has on the magnitude of the SPoARC effect...

This review summarized recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on randomized controlled trials evaluating acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Although the strength of evidence varies, overall there is plausible evidence for the efficacy of ACT for a wide range of areas including depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, psychosis, substance use disorders, chronic pain, coping with chronic health conditions, obesity, stigma, and stress and burnout. ACT is also efficacious when delivered in digital self-help formats...

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an overview of systematic reviews that explore the effectiveness of interventions to enhance medical student well-being. DESIGN: Overview of systematic reviews. DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, APA PsychInfo, CINAHL and Scopus were searched from database inception until 31 May 2023 to identify systematic reviews of interventions to enhance medical student well-being. Ancestry searching and citation chasing were also conducted...

Hippocampus is essential for episodic memory formation, lesion studies demonstrating its role especially in processing spatial and temporal information. Further, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in the dentate gyrus (DG) has also been linked to learning. To study hippocampal neuronal activity during events like learning, in vivo calcium imaging has become increasingly popular. It relies on the use of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, which seem to lead to a decrease in AHN when applied on the DG. More notably, imaging requires the implantation of a relatively large lens into the tissue...

The ParA/MinD (A/D) family of ATPases spatially organize an array of genetic- and protein-based cellular cargos across the bacterial and archaeal domains of life. By far, the two best-studied members, and family namesake, are ParA and MinD, involved in bacterial DNA segregation and divisome positioning, respectively. ParA and MinD make protein waves on the nucleoid or membrane to segregate chromosomes and position the divisome. Less studied is the growing list of A/D ATPases widespread across bacteria and implicated in the subcellular organization of diverse protein-based complexes and organelles involved in myriad biological processes, from metabolism to pathogenesis...

A neuroscientist searches for the seat of consciousness.