keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36010599/repetitive-sequence-transcription-in-breast-cancer
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Walter Arancio, Claudia Coronnello
Repetitive sequences represent about half of the human genome. They are actively transcribed and play a role during development and in epigenetic regulation. The altered activity of repetitive sequences can lead to genomic instability and they can contribute to the establishment or the progression of degenerative diseases and cancer transformation. In this work, we analyzed the expression profiles of DNA repetitive sequences in the breast cancer specimens of the HMUCC cohort. Satellite expression is generally upregulated in breast cancers, with specific families upregulated per histotype: in HER2-enriched cancers, they are the human satellite II (HSATII), in luminal A and B, they are part of the ALR family and in triple-negative, they are part of SAR and GSAT families, together with a perturbation in the transcription from endogenous retroviruses and their LTR sequences...
August 14, 2022: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35992833/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-immunogenomics-of-triple-negative-breast-cancer-brain-metastases-from-lccc1419
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric D Routh, Amanda E D Van Swearingen, Maria J Sambade, Steven Vensko, Marni B McClure, Mark G Woodcock, Shengjie Chai, Luz A Cuaboy, Amy Wheless, Amy Garrett, Lisa A Carey, Alan P Hoyle, Joel S Parker, Benjamin G Vincent, Carey K Anders
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive variant of breast cancer that lacks the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) and HER2. Nearly 50% of patients with advanced TNBC will develop brain metastases (BrM), commonly with progressive extracranial disease. Immunotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of advanced TNBC; however, the immune contexture of BrM remains largely unknown. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of TNBC BrM and matched primary tumors to characterize the genomic and immune landscape of TNBC BrM to inform the development of immunotherapy strategies in this aggressive disease...
2022: Frontiers in Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35936147/dolutegravir-inhibits-proliferation-and-motility-of-bt-20-tumor-cells-through-inhibition-of-human-endogenous-retrovirus-type-k
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiayi Li, John Lin, John R Lin, Mason Farris, Lauren Robbins, Leo Andrada, Bryce Grohol, Serrat Nong, Yingguang Liu
Increasing evidence points to the role of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in driving cancer cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of repurposing antiretroviral agents to inhibit ERVs as a new approach to cancer treatment. We found that an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor, dolutegravir (DTG), effectively inhibited the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines and its antiproliferative potency was positively correlated with the expression levels of the human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K)...
July 2022: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35676699/comprehensive-identification-and-characterization-of-the-herv-k-hml-9-group-in-the-human-genome
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lei Jia, Mengying Liu, Caiqin Yang, Hanping Li, Yongjian Liu, Jingwan Han, Xiuli Zhai, Xiaolin Wang, Tianyi Li, Jingyun Li, Bohan Zhang, Changyuan Yu, Lin Li
BACKGROUND: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) result from ancestral infections caused by exogenous retroviruses that became incorporated into the germline DNA and evolutionarily fixed in the human genome. HERVs can be transmitted vertically in a Mendelian fashion and be stably maintained in the human genome, of which they are estimated to comprise approximately 8%. HERV-K (HML1-10) transcription has been confirmed to be associated with a variety of diseases, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...
June 8, 2022: Retrovirology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35619278/hervs-role-in-the-pathogenesis-diagnosis-or-prognosis-of-aging-diseases-a-systematic-review
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paula Prieto-Oliveir
HERVs are humans endogenous retroviruses, which represent about 8% of human genome, and have various physiological functions, specially in pregnancy, embryo development and placenta formation. However, their involvement in diseases is not well defined. Some studies observed changes in HERVs expression according to age. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to analyze their role in pathogenesis and usage of diagnosis or prognosis biomarkers in aging disorders. I performed a search on the Pubmed interface for papers published from January 1953 to june 1st 2021...
May 25, 2022: Current Molecular Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35562811/cdk4-6-inhibitors-sensitize-gammaherpesvirus-infected-tumor-cells-to-t-cell-killing-by-enhancing-expression-of-immune-surface-molecules
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiquan Wu, Prabha Shrestha, Natalie M Heape, Robert Yarchoan
BACKGROUND: The two oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), both downregulate immune surface molecules, such as MHC-I, ICAM-1, and B7-2, enabling them to evade T-cell and natural killer cell immunity. Both also either encode for human cyclin homologues or promote cellular cyclin activity, and this has been shown to be important for proliferation and survival of gammaherpesvirus-induced tumors. CDK4/6 inhibitors, which are approved for certain breast cancers, have been shown to enhance expression of MHC-I in cell lines and murine models of breast cancer, and this was attributed to activation of interferons by endogenous retrovirus elements...
May 13, 2022: Journal of Translational Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35477769/a-critical-etv4-twist1-vimentin-axis-in-ha-ras-induced-aggressive-breast-cancer
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wuling Liu, Babu Gajendran, Klarke M Sample, Chunlin Wang, Anling Hu, Beiling Chen, Yanmei Li, Eldad Zacksenhaus, Yaacov Ben-David
RAS oncogenes are major drivers of diverse types of cancer. However, they are largely not druggable, and therefore targeting critical downstream pathways and dependencies is an attractive approach. We have isolated a tumorigenic cell line (FE1.2), which exhibits mesenchymal characteristics, after inoculating Ha-Ras-expressing retrovirus into mammary glands of rats, and subsequently isolated a non-aggressive revertant cell line (FC5). This revertant has lost the rat Ha-Ras driver and showed a more epithelial morphology, slower proliferation in culture, and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo...
April 27, 2022: Cancer Gene Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35458452/mouse-mammary-tumour-virus-mmtv-in-human-breast-cancer-the-value-of-bradford-hill-criteria
#28
REVIEW
James S Lawson, Wendy K Glenn
For many decades, the betaretrovirus, mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV), has been a causal suspect for human breast cancer. In recent years, substantial new evidence has been developed. Based on this evidence, we hypothesise that MMTV has a causal role. We have used an extended version of the classic A. Bradford Hill causal criteria to assess the evidence. 1. Identification of MMTV in human breast cancers: The MMTV 9.9 kb genome in breast cancer cells has been identified. The MMTV genome in human breast cancer is up to 98% identical to MMTV in mice...
March 30, 2022: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35080970/identification-of-shared-tumor-epitopes-from-endogenous-retroviruses-inducing-high-avidity-cytotoxic-t-cells-for-cancer-immunotherapy
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paola Bonaventura, Vincent Alcazer, Virginie Mutez, Laurie Tonon, Juliette Martin, Nicolas Chuvin, Emilie Michel, Rasha E Boulos, Yann Estornes, Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond, Alain Viari, Qing Wang, Christophe Caux, Stéphane Depil
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent 8% of the human genome. HERV products may represent tumor antigens relevant for cancer immunotherapy. We developed a bioinformatic approach to identify shared CD8+ T cell epitopes derived from cancer-associated HERVs in solid tumors. Six candidates among the most commonly shared HLA-A2 epitopes with evidence of translation were selected for immunological evaluation. In vitro priming assays confirmed the immunogenicity of these epitopes, which induced high-avidity CD8+ T cell clones...
January 28, 2022: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34738625/egf-repeats-of-epidermal-growth-factor%C3%A2-like-domain-7-promote-endothelial-cell-activation-and-tumor-escape-from-the-immune-system
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sébastien Pinte, Suzanne Delfortrie, Chantal Havet, Gaëlle Villain, Virginie Mattot, Fabrice Soncin
The tumor blood vessel endothelium forms a barrier that must be crossed by circulating immune cells in order for them to reach and kill cancer cells. Epidermal growth factor‑like domain 7 (Egfl7) represses this immune infiltration by lowering the expression levels of leukocyte adhesion receptors on the surface of endothelial cells. However, the protein domains involved in these properties are not completely understood. Egfl7 is structurally composed of the predicted EMI‑, EGF‑ and C‑terminal domains...
January 2022: Oncology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34367262/genomic-and-immunologic-correlates-of-indoleamine-2-3-dioxygenase-pathway-expression-in-cancer
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anshuman Panda, Shridar Ganesan
Immune checkpoint blockade leads to unprecedented responses in many cancer types. An alternative method of unleashing anti-tumor immune response is to target immunosuppressive metabolic pathways like the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway. Despite promising results in Phase I/II clinical trials, an IDO-1 inhibitor did not show clinical benefit in a Phase III clinical trial. Since, a treatment can be quite effective in a specific subset without being effective in the whole cancer type, it is important to identify the subsets of cancers that may benefit from IDO-1 inhibitors...
2021: Frontiers in Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34298622/therapeutic-cancer-vaccination-with-immunopeptidomics-discovered-antigens-confers-protective-antitumor-efficacy
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karita Peltonen, Sara Feola, Husen M Umer, Jacopo Chiaro, Georgios Mermelekas, Erkko Ylösmäki, Sari Pesonen, Rui M M Branca, Janne Lehtiö, Vincenzo Cerullo
Knowledge of clinically targetable tumor antigens is becoming vital for broader design and utility of therapeutic cancer vaccines. This information is obtained reliably by directly interrogating the MHC-I presented peptide ligands, the immunopeptidome, with state-of-the-art mass spectrometry. Our manuscript describes direct identification of novel tumor antigens for an aggressive triple-negative breast cancer model. Immunopeptidome profiling revealed 2481 unique antigens, among them a novel ERV antigen originating from an endogenous retrovirus element...
July 7, 2021: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33970484/pathfinders-in-oncology-from-the-time-the-causal-relation-between-tobacco-use-and-lung-cancer-was-established-to-publication-of-the-first-cancer-staging-manual-by-the-american-joint-committee-on-cancer
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven I Hajdu
During the period from 1962 to 1977, several antigens, notably carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate-specific antigen, were discovered and entered clinical use. Ultrasonography, positron emission tomography scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging were introduced, and adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy after limited surgery became routine procedures. Radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry techniques were standardized. The announcement in England and the United States that tobacco is a potent lung carcinogen was long delayed, important news...
August 15, 2021: Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33968761/endogenous-retroviral-k-envelope-is-a-novel-tumor-antigen-and-prognostic-indicator-of-renal-cell-carcinoma
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Veronika Weyerer, Pamela L Strissel, Christine Stöhr, Markus Eckstein, Sven Wach, Helge Taubert, Lisa Brandl, Carol I Geppert, Bernd Wullich, Holger Cynis, Matthias W Beckmann, Barbara Seliger, Arndt Hartmann, Reiner Strick
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the ten most common cancers for men and women with an approximate 75% overall 5-year survival. Sixteen histological tumor subtypes exist and the most common are papillary, chromophobe and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) representing 85% of all RCC. Although epigenetically silenced, endogenous retroviral (ERV) genes become activated in tumors and function to ignite immune responses. Research has intensified to understand ERV protein function and their role as tumor antigens and targets for cancer (immune) therapy...
2021: Frontiers in Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33941616/locus-specific-characterization-of-human-endogenous-retrovirus-expression-in-prostate-breast-and-colon-cancers
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margaret C Steiner, Jez L Marston, Luis P Iñiguez, Matthew L Bendall, Katherine B Chiappinelli, Douglas F Nixon, Keith A Crandall
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) have been implicated in a variety of diseases including cancers. Recent research implicates HERVs in epigenetic gene regulation. Here we utilize a recently developed bioinformatics tool for identifying HERV expression at the locus-specific level to identify differential expression of HERVs in matched tumor-normal RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Data from 52 prostate cancer, 111 breast cancer, and 24 colon cancer cases were analyzed. Locus-specific analysis identified active HERV elements and differentially expressed HERVs in prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer...
May 3, 2021: Cancer Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33552242/human-endogenous-retroviruses-in-cancer-expression-regulation-and-function
#36
REVIEW
Yuan Gao, Xiao-Fang Yu, Ting Chen
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the remnants of ancient retroviruses that infected human germline cells and became integrated into the human genome millions of years ago. Although most of these sequences are incomplete and silent, several potential pathological roles of HERVs have been observed in numerous diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, and especially cancer, including breast cancer and pancreatic carcinoma. The present review investigates the expression signatures and complex regulatory mechanisms of HERVs in cancer...
February 2021: Oncology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33352855/current-developments-in-the-epidemiology-and-control-of-enzootic-bovine-leukosis-as-caused-by-bovine-leukemia-virus
#37
REVIEW
Paul C Bartlett, Vickie J Ruggiero, Holden C Hutchinson, Casey J Droscha, Bo Norby, Kelly R B Sporer, Tasia M Taxis
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has been eradicated in over 20 countries. In contrast, the U.S. and many other nations are experiencing increasing prevalence in the absence of efforts to control transmission. Recent studies have shown that BLV infection in dairy cattle has a greater impact beyond the long-recognized lymphoma development that occurs in <5% of infected cattle. Like other retroviruses, BLV appears to cause multiple immune system disruptions, affecting both cellular and humoral immunity, which are likely responsible for increasingly documented associations with decreased dairy production and decreased productive lifespan...
December 18, 2020: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33194615/human-endogenous-retrovirus-expression-is-upregulated-in-the-breast-cancer-microenvironment-of-hiv-infected-women-a-pilot-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gislaine Curty, Greta A Beckerle, Luis P Iñiguez, Robert L Furler, Pedro S de Carvalho, Jez L Marston, Stephane Champiat, Jonas J Heymann, Christopher E Ormsby, Gustavo Reyes-Terán, Marcelo A Soares, Douglas F Nixon, Matthew L Bendall, Fabio E Leal, Miguel de Mulder Rougvie
In people living with HIV (PLWH), chronic inflammation can lead to cancer initiation and progression, besides driving a dysregulated and diminished immune responsiveness. HIV infection also leads to increased transcription of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), which could increase an inflammatory environment and create a tumor growth suppressive environment with high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In order to determine the impact of HIV infection to HERV expression on the breast cancer microenvironment, we sequenced total RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples of women HIV-negative and HIV-positive for transcriptome and retrotranscriptome analyses...
2020: Frontiers in Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33017448/high-positivity-values-for-bovine-leukemia-virus-in-human-breast-cancer-cases-from-minas-gerais-brazil
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emília Delarmelina, Marcelo Araújo Buzelin, Breno Samuel de Souza, Francielli Martins Souto, Juliana Marques Bicalho, Rebeca Jéssica Falcão Câmara, Cláudia Fideles Resende, Bruna Lopes Bueno, Raphael Mattoso Victor, Grazielle Cossenzo Florentino Galinari, Cristiana Buzelin Nunes, Rômulo Cerqueira Leite, Érica Azevedo Costa, Jenner Karlisson Pimenta Dos Reis
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes lymphoma in cattle worldwide and has also been associated with breast cancer in humans. The mechanism of BLV infection in humans and its implication as a primary cause of cancer in women are not known yet. BLV infection in humans may be caused by the consumption of milk and milk-products or meat from infected animals. Breast cancer incidence rates in Brazil are high, corresponding to 29.5% a year of cancer cases among women. In 2020, an estimated 66,280 new cases of breast cancer are expected, whereas in 2018 breast cancer has led to 17,572 deaths, the highest incidence and lethality among cancers in women in this country that year...
2020: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32917036/tip_finder-an-hpc-software-to-detect-transposable-element-insertion-polymorphisms-in-large-genomic-datasets
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simon Orozco-Arias, Nicolas Tobon-Orozco, Johan S Piña, Cristian Felipe Jiménez-Varón, Reinel Tabares-Soto, Romain Guyot
Transposable elements (TEs) are non-static genomic units capable of moving indistinctly from one chromosomal location to another. Their insertion polymorphisms may cause beneficial mutations, such as the creation of new gene function, or deleterious in eukaryotes, e.g., different types of cancer in humans. A particular type of TE called LTR-retrotransposons comprises almost 8% of the human genome. Among LTR retrotransposons, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) bear structural and functional similarities to retroviruses...
September 9, 2020: Biology
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