keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38408442/human-endogenous-retroviruses-hervs-in-breast-cancer-altered-expression-pattern-implicates-divergent-roles-in-carcinogenesis
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luděk Záveský, Eva Jandáková, Vít Weinberger, Luboš Minář, Milada Kohoutová, Ondřej Slanař
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Recent research indicates that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) may be linked to carcinogenesis, but the data remain controversial. Methods HERVs´ expression was evaluated to show the differences between breast cancer and control samples, and their associations with clinicopathological parameters. Gene expression of 12 HERVs, i.e. ERVE-4, ERVW-1, ERVFRD-1, ERVV-1, ERV3-1, ERVH48-1, ERVMER34-1, ERVK7, ERVK13-1, ERVK11-1, ERVK3-1 and HCP5 was analyzed by qPCR and/or TCGA datasets for breast cancer...
February 26, 2024: Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388382/hervk-mediated-regulation-of-neighboring-genes-implications-for-breast-cancer-prognosis
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Boying Liang, Tengyue Yan, Huilin Wei, Die Zhang, Lanxiang Li, Zengjing Liu, Wen Li, Yuluan Zhang, Nili Jiang, Qiuxia Meng, Guiyang Jiang, Yanling Hu, Jing Leng
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the remnants of ancient retroviral infections integrated into the human genome. Although most HERVs are silenced or rendered inactive by various regulatory mechanisms, they retain the potential to influence the nearby genes. We analyzed the regulatory map of 91 HERV-Ks on neighboring genes in human breast cancer and investigated the impact of HERV-Ks on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and prognosis of breast cancer. Nine RNA-seq datasets were obtained from GEO and NCBI SRA...
February 22, 2024: Retrovirology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38315842/rnf20-contributes-to-epigenetic-immunosuppression-through-cdk9-dependent-lsd1-stabilization
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bo Dong, Xinzhao Wang, Xiang Song, Jianlin Wang, Xia Liu, Zhiyong Yu, Yongkun Zhou, Jiong Deng, Yadi Wu
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) plays a critical role in transcription initiation and is essential for maintaining gene silencing at heterochromatic loci. Inhibition of CDK9 increases sensitivity to immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We now report that RNF20 stabilizes LSD1 via K29-mediated ubiquitination, which is dependent on CDK9-mediated phosphorylation. This CDK9- and RNF20-dependent LSD1 stabilization is necessary for the demethylation of histone H3K4, then subsequent repression of endogenous retrovirus, and an interferon response, leading to epigenetic immunosuppression...
February 13, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38285762/human-mammary-tumor-virus-hmtv-reshapes-risk-of-women-developing-breast-cancer-re-visiting-an-under-considered-variable-in-tumorigenesis-of-the-breast
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ika Nurlaila, Astutiati Nurhasanah
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 1, 2024: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38254466/the-global-epidemiology-of-bovine-leukemia-virus-current-trends-and-future-implications
#5
REVIEW
Guanxin Lv, Jianfa Wang, Shuai Lian, Hai Wang, Rui Wu
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which is the most significant neoplastic disease in cattle. Although EBL has been successfully eradicated in most European countries, infections continue to rise in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Japan, and the United States. BLV imposes a substantial economic burden on the cattle industry, particularly in dairy farming, as it leads to a decline in animal production performance and increases the risk of disease. Moreover, trade restrictions on diseased animals and products between countries and regions further exacerbate the problem...
January 18, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37834255/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-1-oncogenesis-between-active-expression-and-latency-a-possible-source-for-the-development-of-therapeutic-targets
#6
REVIEW
Francesca Marino-Merlo, Sandro Grelli, Antonio Mastino, Michele Lai, Paola Ferrari, Andrea Nicolini, Mauro Pistello, Beatrice Macchi
The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the only known human oncogenic retrovirus. HTLV-1 can cause a type of cancer called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). The virus is transmitted through the body fluids of infected individuals, primarily breast milk, blood, and semen. At least 5-10 million people in the world are infected with HTLV-1. In addition to ATL, HTLV-1 infection can also cause HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). ATL is characterized by a low viral expression and poor prognosis...
September 30, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37451115/interferon-gamma-plasma-levels-and-presence-of-mouse-mammary-tumor-virus-like-env-gene-implications-on-the-pathogenesis-of-breast-cancer
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathália de Sousa Pereira, Caroline Motoori-Fernandes, Bruna Karina Banin-Hirata, Glauco Akelinghton Freire Vitiello, Carlos Eduardo Coral de Oliveira, Marla Karine Amarante, Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a retrovirus that has been associated with the development of breast cancer (BC) in mice. The identification of a 95% homologous gene sequence to MMTV in human BC samples has increased interest in this hypothesis. This virus in humans received the name of mouse mammary tumor virus-like (MMTV-like). Several cytokines may be involved in the interactions between MMTV and the immune system, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which can enhance Th1-mediated antitumor immune response but it can also play a protumorigenic role by transmitting antiapoptotic and proliferative signals...
July 12, 2023: Cytokine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37354072/cbl-induced-ubiquitination-of-her2-mediate-immune-escape-from-her2-targeted-car-t
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanqiu Yang, Qingqing Sun, Zhiping Deng, Wencong Shi, Hao Cheng
Breast cancer (BC) with high HER2 expression has higher recurrence rate and worse prognosis, and its immunotherapy is promising. Based on the high expression of HER2, develop Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) and PDL-1 immunotherapy, and study the molecular pathways of related immune cells and recurrence. HER2-CAR-T cells were constructed using retroviruses, and their specific recognition and immune effects on HER2+ BC cells were verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. PDL-1 was used as adjuvant immunotherapy, knocking down PDL-1 in tumor cells or dendritic cells, or depleted macrophages to study immune pathways...
June 24, 2023: Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37326913/molecular-mechanisms-of-syncytin-1-in-tumors-and-placental-development-related-diseases
#9
REVIEW
Qianqian Wang, Ying Shi, Qiang Bian, Naibin Zhang, Meng Wang, Jianing Wang, Xuan Li, Luhao Lai, Zhankui Zhao, Honglian Yu
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have evolved from exogenous retroviruses and account for approximately 8% of the human genome. A growing number of findings suggest that the abnormal expression of HERV genes is associated with schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, endometriosis, breast cancer, bladder cancer and other diseases. HERV-W env (syncytin-1) is a membrane glycoprotein which plays an important role in placental development. It includes embryo implantation, fusion of syncytiotrophoblasts and of fertilized eggs, and immune response...
June 16, 2023: Discover. Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37317284/expression-of-envelope-protein-encoded-by-endogenous-retrovirus-k102-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-neutrophils
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda Laine, Xiaoxing Wang, Kathryn Ni, Sarah E B Smith, Rayan Najjar, Leanne S Whitmore, Michael Yacoub, Alison Bays, Michael Gale, Tomas Mustelin
Many patients suffering from autoimmune diseases have autoantibodies against proteins encoded by genomic retroelements, suggesting that normal epigenetic silencing is insufficient to prevent the production of the encoded proteins for which immune tolerance appears to be limited. One such protein is the transmembrane envelope (Env) protein encoded by human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K). We reported recently that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have IgG autoantibodies that recognize Env. Here, we use RNA sequencing of RA neutrophils to analyze HERV-K expression and find that only two loci with an intact open-reading frame for Env, HERV-K102, and K108 are expressed, but only the former is increased in RA...
May 17, 2023: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37255431/cancerhervdb-human-endogenous-retrovirus-herv-expression-database-for-human-cancer-accelerates-studies-of-the-retrovirome-and-predictions-for-herv-based-therapies
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erik Stricker, Erin C Peckham-Gregory, Michael E Scheurer
In this study, we sought to create a database summarizing the expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in various human cancers. HERVs are suitable therapeutic targets due to their abundance in the human genome, overexpression in various malignancies, and involvement in various cancer pathways. We identified articles on HERVs from PubMed and then prescreened and automatically categorized them using the portable document format (PDF) data extractor (PDE) R package. We discovered 196 primary research articles with HERV expression data from cancer tissues or cancer cell lines...
May 31, 2023: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37249603/oncogenic-transformation-drives-dna-methylation-loss-and-transcriptional-activation-of-transposable-element-loci
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomas Kanholm, Uzma Rentia, Melissa Hadley, Jennifer A Karlow, Olivia L Cox, Noor Diab, Matthew L Bendall, Tyson Dawson, James I McDonald, Wenbing Xie, Keith A Crandall, Kathleen H Burns, Stephen B Baylin, Hariharan Easwaran, Katherine B Chiappinelli
Transposable elements (TEs) are typically silenced by DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications in differentiated healthy human tissues. However, TE expression increases in a wide range of cancers and is correlated with global hypomethylation of cancer genomes. We assessed expression and DNA methylation of TEs in fibroblast cells that were serially transduced with hTERT, SV40, and HRASR24C to immortalize and then transform them, which models the different steps of the tumorigenesis process. RNA-sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing were performed at each stage of transformation...
May 30, 2023: Cancer Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37148745/targeting-taf1-with-bay-299-induces-antitumor-immunity-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sheyu Zhang, Xueying Liu, Wenjun Chen, Kejing Zhang, Qin Wu, Yong Wei
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous breast cancer subtype with poor prognoses and limited therapeutic options. The TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1 (TAF1) is an essential protein involved in the transcriptional regulation of cancer development and progress. However, the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of targeting TAF1 in TNBC remain unknown. Here, using chemical probe BAY-299, we identify that TAF1 inhibition leads to the induction of endogenous retrovirus (ERVs) expression and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation, resulting in the activation of interferon responses and cell growth suppression in a subset of TNBC, resembling anti-viral mimicry effect...
April 28, 2023: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37112906/an-endogenous-retrovirus-vaccine-encoding-an-envelope-with-a-mutated-immunosuppressive-domain-in-combination-with-anti-pd1-treatment-eradicates-established-tumours-in-mice
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joana Daradoumis, Emeline Ragonnaud, Isabella Skandorff, Karen Nørgaard Nielsen, Amaia Vergara Bermejo, Anne-Marie Andersson, Silke Schroedel, Christian Thirion, Lasse Neukirch, Peter Johannes Holst
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) account for 8% of our genome, and, although they are usually silent in healthy tissues, they become reactivated and expressed in pathological conditions such as cancer. Several studies support a functional role of ERVs in tumour development and progression, specifically through their envelope (Env) protein, which contains a region described as an immunosuppressive domain (ISD). We have previously shown that targeting of the murine ERV (MelARV) Env using virus-like vaccine (VLV) technology, consisting of an adenoviral vector encoding virus-like particles (VLPs), induces protection against small tumours in mice...
April 6, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37112663/anti-herv-k-drugs-and-vaccines-possible-therapies-against-tumors
#15
REVIEW
Sepideh Hosseiniporgham, Leonardo Antonio Sechi
The footprint of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), specifically HERV-K, has been found in malignancies, such as melanoma, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, lymphoma, and ovary and prostate cancers. HERV-K is characterized as the most biologically active HERV due to possession of open reading frames (ORF) for all Gag, Pol, and Env genes, which enables it to be more infective and obstructive towards specific cell lines and other exogenous viruses, respectively. Some factors might contribute to carcinogenicity and at least one of them has been recognized in various tumors, including overexpression/methylation of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1), HERV-K Gag, and Env genes themselves plus their transcripts and protein products, and HERV-K reverse transcriptase (RT)...
March 28, 2023: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36997866/rrm2-and-cdc6-are-novel-effectors-of-xbp1-mediated-endocrine-resistance-and-predictive-markers-of-tamoxifen-sensitivity
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Barua, Afrin Sultana, Md Nahidul Islam, Fergus Cox, Ananya Gupta, Sanjeev Gupta
BACKGROUND: Endocrine-resistant breast cancers have elevated expression of XBP1, where it drives endocrine resistance by controlling the expression of its target genes. Despite the in-depth understanding of the biological functions of XBP1 in ER-positive breast cancer, effectors of endocrine resistance downstream of XBP1 are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the XBP1-regulated genes contributing to endocrine resistance in breast cancer. METHODS: XBP1 deficient sub-clones in MCF7 cells were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout strategy and were validated using western blot and RT-PCR...
March 30, 2023: BMC Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36979914/hervs-and-cancer-a-comprehensive-review-of-the-relationship-of-human-endogenous-retroviruses-and-human-cancers
#17
REVIEW
Erik Stricker, Erin C Peckham-Gregory, Michael E Scheurer
Genomic instability and genetic mutations can lead to exhibition of several cancer hallmarks in affected cells such as sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppression, activated invasion, deregulation of cellular energetics, and avoidance of immune destruction. Similar biological changes have been observed to be a result of pathogenic viruses and, in some cases, have been linked to virus-induced cancers. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), once external pathogens, now occupy more than 8% of the human genome, representing the merge of genomic and external factors...
March 17, 2023: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36341371/hsp90%C3%AE-inhibition-upregulates-interferon-response-and-enhances-immune-checkpoint-blockade-therapy-in-murine-tumors
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharif Rahmy, Sanket J Mishra, Sean Murphy, Brian S J Blagg, Xin Lu
Response resistance to the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge that may be overcome through the rational combination of ICB and specific targeted therapeutics. One emerging combination strategy is based on sensitizing ICB-refractory tumors with antagonists of 90kD heat shock protein (Hsp90) that target all four isoforms. However, pan-Hsp90 inhibitors are limited by the modest efficacy, on-target and off-tumor toxicities, and induction of the heat shock response (HSR) that overrides the effect of Hsp90 inhibition...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36146825/the-role-of-herv-k-in-cancer-stemness
#19
REVIEW
Sarah R Rivas, Mynor J Mendez Valdez, Vaidya Govindarajan, Deepa Seetharam, Tara T Doucet-O'Hare, John D Heiss, Ashish H Shah
Human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) is the most recently integrated retrovirus in the human genome, with implications for multiple disorders, including cancer. Although typically transcriptionally silenced in normal adult cells, dysregulation of HERV-K (HML-2) elements has been observed in cancer, including breast, germ cell tumors, pancreatic, melanoma, and brain cancer. While multiple methods of carcinogenesis have been proposed, here we discuss the role of HERV-K (HML-2) in the promotion and maintenance of the stem-cell in cancer...
September 12, 2022: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36138076/mutant-p53-gain-of-function-mediates-cancer-immune-escape-that-is-counteracted-by-apr-246
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaolei Zhou, Gema Sanz Santos, Yue Zhan, Mariana M S Oliveira, Shiva Rezaei, Madhurendra Singh, Sylvain Peuget, Lisa S Westerberg, John Inge Johnsen, Galina Selivanova
BACKGROUND: p53 mutants contribute to the chronic inflammatory tumour microenvironment (TME). In this study, we address the mechanism of how p53 mutants lead to chronic inflammation in tumours and how to transform it to restore cancer immune surveillance. METHODS: Our analysis of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) project revealed that mutant p53 (mtp53) cancers correlated with chronic inflammation. We used cell-based assays and a mouse model to discover a novel gain of function of mtp53 and the effect of the mtp53 reactivating compound APR-246 on the anti-tumour immune response...
September 22, 2022: British Journal of Cancer
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