Osteochondrosis

UNLABELLED: Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, debuting as arterial hypertension (AH) syndrome and prediabetes, are common types of chronic non-communicable processes, that are the leading cause of death in the world. The main treatment method for above mentioned disorders, according to the current guidelines, is pharmacotherapy. However, it is possible to effectively apply non-pharmacological correction methods, aimed at the probable etiological factor and inversive mechanism involved in AH maintenance, in the early stages when no permanent changes are maintaining a high level of blood hypertension (BH) and glycemia...

Subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) in the medial femoral condyle are a usual finding in Thoroughbred survey and auction repository radiographs. Several treatments with different outcomes have been studied over the years to improve soundness and racing prognosis. Our objective was to report the racing prognosis in Thoroughbred yearlings intended for racing that were diagnosed with SCL in the medial femoral condyle and were treated using four current and different techniques: intralesional injection of corticosteroids, SCL debridement through the joint with a drill bit, translesional cortical screw placement, and absorbable hydroxyapatite implant placement...

BACKGROUND: The neuro-central synchondrosis (NCS) is a physis responsible for the growth of the dorsal third of the vertebral body and neural arches. When the NCS of pigs is tethered to model scoliosis, stenosis also ensues. It is necessary to describe the NCS for future evaluation of its potential role in equine spinal cord compression and ataxia (wobbler syndrome). OBJECTIVES: To describe the NCS, including when it and other physes closed in computed tomographic (CT) scans of the cervical spine of foals, due to its potential role in vertebral stenosis...

Background : Sever's disease, or calcaneal apophysitis, stands as the most prevalent cause of heel pain in children, often linked to sports like soccer, Australian football, and basketball. While various therapies are documented in the scientific literature, the standard choice is conservative treatment. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of diverse conservative methods and techniques in alleviating Sever's disease symptoms. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in October 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, and PEDro, using terms like Osteochondritis, Osteochondrosis, Apophysitis, Sever's disease, Calcaneus, Adolescent, Child, and Childhood...

Metacarpophalangeal joint region pain is a common cause of lameness in racehorses. Radiological abnormalities in the sagittal ridge (SR) of the third metacarpal bone have been associated with joint effusion, lameness and reduced sales prices. The aims were to describe computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the SR in racehorses, and to document the progression of these findings over three assessments. Forty yearlings were enrolled at the first examination (time 0). Re-examinations were performed twice, approximately six months apart on 31 (time 1) and 23 (time 2) horses, respectively...

The working group 'Clinical Tissue Regeneration' of the German Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DGOU) issues this paper with updating its guidelines. Literature was analyzed regarding different topics relevant to osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) treatment. This process concluded with a statement for each topic reflecting the best scientific evidence available with a grade of recommendation. All group members rated the statements to identify possible gaps between literature and current clinical practice...

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in which tumor-induced osteochondrosis is a metabolic bone disease caused by increased renal excretion of phosphorus due to excessive secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by tumor tissue. We report here a rare case of TIO in which the tumor was found in the hyoid body and the patient had tertiary hyperparathyroidism. The patient's symptoms did not improve after removal of the tumor from the hyoid body, and the patient's hypophosphatemia was gradually improved after subsequent removal of the left parathyroid gland...

Although arthroscopy is the treatment of choice for horses with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), it is not yet known whether intra-articular therapies in the postoperative period can bring any benefit to the recovery of these animals. This study evaluated the effects of the intra-articular application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA) or lactated Ringer's solution (LR) in horses with OCD undergoing arthroscopy. Eighteen male and female Brazilian Sport horses aged between 2 and 6 years were evaluated...

Osteochondritis dissecans (OD) is a rare condition with an incidence of 30/100,000. It especially affects male patients aged 10-20 years old. During the staged progression the osteochondral fragments can detach from their base. These can damage the adjacent articular cartilage, which can lead to premature osteoarthritis. Most commonly affected are the knee, ankle and elbow joints. The exact pathogenesis of OD has so far not been clearly confirmed. Several risk factors that can lead to the development of OD are discussed...

INTRODUCTION: Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) at the capitellum is a common pathology in young patients. Although arthroscopic interventions are commonly used, there is a lack of information about the accessibility of the defects during elbow arthroscopy by using standard portals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An elbow arthroscopy using the standard portals was performed in seven fresh frozen specimens. At the capitellum, the most posterior and anterior cartilage surface reachable was marked with K-wires...

Selenium plays a crucial role as a micronutrient, primarily exerting its biological functions through selenoproteins. It has been established that selenium deficiency adversely impacts cartilage development, leading to alterations in chondrocyte function. In regions with low selenium intake, endemic osteochondrosis has been documented, characterized by compromised growth plate and articular cartilage formation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stands out as a pivotal angiogenic factor, with elevated levels contributing significantly to vascular invasion into chondrocytes...

BACKGROUND: Back pain is currently one of the most urgent problems within pain syndromes. Inadequate treatment of nonspecific back pain, even with a relatively favorable prognosis, leads to its chronicity and decreases the patient's quality of life. The most common cause of vertebrogenic dorsopathies is spinal osteochondrosis. The etiopathogenetic basis of spinal osteochondrosis is degenerative and dystrophic changes in the intervertebral discs involving adjacent vertebrae, joints, and ligaments...

Most catastrophic injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses involve the fetlock. There is no description of comparative imaging in Thoroughbreds entering racehorse training. The aim was to describe MRI, CT and radiographic findings in the metacarpophalangeal joint of non-lame Thoroughbred yearlings. Forty Thoroughbreds underwent low-field MRI, fan-beam CT and radiographic examinations of both metacarpophalangeal joints. Images were assessed subjectively. A hypoattenuating lesion of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) was identified in 33/80 limbs in CT reconstructions...

Failure of endochondral ossification due to interruption of the vascular supply to the epiphyseal cartilage is a critical step in the development of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Herein we describe the vascular architecture of the distal humeral epiphyseal cartilage in pigs and identify characteristic features that have been associated with sites predisposed to OCD development across species. Distal humeral specimens were harvested from pigs (n=5, ages= 1-, 10-, 18-, 30-, and 42 days old) and imaged at 9...

BACKGROUND: According to the location and frequency of osteonecrosis zone of metatarsal head, a map of osteonecrosis zone was drawn for Freiberg's infarction. The objective of the current study is to develop a new computed tomography-based Five-Segment classification system for Freiberg's infarction and testify if it has good intra- and interobserver reliability or not. METHODS: According to the location and its frequency of osteonecrosis zone of metatarsal head, a map of osteonecrosis zone was drawn...

Subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) in equines and their treatments have been mainly studied in the medial femoral condyle of the femur. SCLs in the distal extremities affecting the fetlock or interphalangeal joints are frequent, but treatment or prognosis studies in horses are currently sparse. Our objective was to compare four treatments for SCLs in the distal extremities (intralesional injection of corticosteroids, transcortical drilling, cortical screw placement, and absorbable hydroxyapatite implant placement) and report the racing prognoses for affected thoroughbred yearlings...

Angular limb deformity (ALD) affects many species of livestock and companion animals. The mechanisms of ALD development are not well understood, but previous research suggests the involvement of genetic risk factors. A case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted with 40 ALD-affected and 302 unaffected Rambouillet rams and 40,945 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Forelimbs of 6 ALD-affected rams were examined and diagnosed with osteochondrosis. Genome-wide or chromosome-wide significant SNPs were positioned exonic, intronic or within the 3'UTR of genes TSPAN18, NRG3 and NOVA2, respectively...

Degenerative disease of the spine (DDS) is one of the most common pathological conditions in humans. The clinical presentation of DDS is highly variable, ranging from mild pain to severe neurological symptoms. When more severe clinical symptoms are present, it is necessary to use imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to confirm the diagnosis and establish the extent of the disease in order to determine proper treatment. There are several MRI changes which, based on clinicoradiological studies, are believed to be potential sources of pain and other clinical symptoms in DDS, including compression of the nerve root or spinal cord by disc herniations or osteophytes, recent ("active") disc herniation, Modic type 1 degenerative changes of the vertebral bodies, degenerative changes of the vertebral endplates (erosive intervertebral osteochondrosis), marked degenerative changes of the facet joints and ligamenta flava, degenerative spinal canal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, and Baastrup's disease...

We investigated loco-regional degenerative changes' association with incidentally found non-traumatic vertebral body fractures of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine in older patients. Methods: The patient collective included patients in the age range of 50 to 90 years. Vertebral bodies from T7 to L5 were included. Vertebral body fractures were classified according to Genant. The following loco-regional osseous and extra-osseous degenerative changes were included: osteochondrosis, spondylarthritis, facet joint asymmetries, spondylolisthesis, scoliosis as well as fatty degeneration and asymmetry of the autochthonous back muscles...

Skeletal disease may hamper the behavior of large predators both living and extinct. We investigated the prevalence of osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD), a developmental bone disease affecting the joints, in two Ice Age predators: the saber-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis and dire wolf Aenocyon dirus. As published cases in modern Felidae and wild Canidae are rare, we predicted that subchondral defects resembling OCD would be rare in the extinct predators. We examined limb joints in juvenile and adult S. fatalis: 88 proximal humeri (shoulder), 834 distal femora (stifle), and 214 proximal tibiae...