Glomerular nephritis

Three-dimensional imaging has advanced basic research and clinical medicine. However, limited resolution and imperfections of real-world 3D image material often preclude algorithmic image analysis. Here, we present a methodological framework for such imaging and analysis for functional and spatial relations in experimental nephritis. First, optical tissue clearing protocols were optimized to preserve fluorescence signals for light-sheet-fluorescence-microscopy and compensated attenuation effects using adjustable 3D correction fields...

BACKGROUND: Disruptions in gene expression associated with the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) could precipitate glomerular dysfunction. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the characterization of GBM components within pediatric glomerular diseases and their potential association with glomerular function necessitates further systematic investigation. METHODS: We conducted a systematic analysis focusing on the pathological transformations and molecular attributes of key constituents within the GBM, specifically Collagen IV α3α4α5, Laminin α5β2γ1, and Integrin α3β1, across prevalent pediatric glomerular diseases...

A 74-year-old Japanese male with lung squamous cell carcinoma received his first dose of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): ipilimumab and nivolumab. He developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and was admitted to our department. We diagnosed kidney immune-related adverse effects (irAE), and a kidney biopsy revealed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. We started oral prednisolone (PSL) and his AKI immediately improved. The patient maintained stable findings after PSL was tapered off. However, seven months after the ICI administration, he developed rapid progressive glomerular nephritis and was admitted to our department again...

Podocytes are essential to maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, yet they are frequently affected in lupus nephritis (LN). Here, we show that the significant upregulation of Drp1S616 phosphorylation in podocytes promotes mitochondrial fission, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and podocyte injury in LN. Inhibition or knockdown of Drp1 promotes mitochondrial fusion and protects podocytes from injury induced by LN serum. In vivo, pharmacological inhibition of Drp1 reduces the phosphorylation of Drp1S616 in podocytes in lupus-prone mice...

OBJECTIVES: To study the association of hypercoagulability with urinary protein and renal pathological damage in children with immunoglobulin A vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN). METHODS: Based on the results of coagulation function, 349 children with IgAVN were divided into a hypercoagulability group consisting of 52 children and a non-hypercoagulability group consisting of 297 children. Urinary protein and renal pathological features were compared between the two groups, and the factors influencing the formation of hypercoagulability in children with IgAVN were analyzed...

OBJECTIVES: Several therapeutic agents have been developed and used for the clinical treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In cases where SLE is accompanied by severe organ failures, such as neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and acute onset of lupus nephritis, the use of potent immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, is necessary. However, potent immunosuppressive drugs are known to increase infection risks. Thus, the development of therapeutic agents with novel mechanisms is urgently required...

BACKGROUND: Hereditary nephritis (HN), including Alport syndrome (AS) and thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN), is a rare genetic cause of hematuria. A definitive diagnosis requires electron microscopy (EM). Therefore, the clinical characteristics of these conditions are less known. This study aimed to determine the percentage and clinicopathological features of HN in patients from a referral center in Iran. METHODS: We checked kidney biopsy reports from 2007 to 2021 and extracted cases with HN...

INTRODUCTION: The use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) is linked with infrequent but serious adverse events, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progression of CKD. Data on renal safety in routine use of PPI are more relevant to clinical practice. We studied whether such use of PPI is associated with renal dysfunction. METHODS: Patients taking PPI for at least six weeks had serum creatinine tested pre (n = 200) and post (n = 180) recruitment...

A 66-year-old male presented with renal dysfunction. At the time of presentation, his serum creatinine (sCr) was 2.55 mg/dL, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20.93 ml/min/1.73 m2 , urinary red blood cell (RBC) was 30-49/high power field, and urine protein-creatinine ratio was 0.43 g/gCr. The patient had no urinalysis abnormalities or renal dysfunction within the year prior to presentation but had gross hematuria after the third and fourth coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations...

The nephrotic syndrome holds significant clinical importance and is characterized by a substantial protein loss in the urine. Damage to the glomerular basement membrane or podocytes frequently underlies renal protein loss. There is an increasing belief in the involvement of the complement system, a part of the innate immune system, in these conditions. Understanding the interactions between the complement system and glomerular structures continually evolves, challenging the traditional view of the blood-urine barrier as a passive filter...

We investigated the polarisation of CD68+ macrophages and perforin and granulysin distributions in kidney lymphocyte subsets of children with IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN). Pro-inflammatory macrophage (M)1 (CD68/iNOS) or regulatory M2 (CD68/arginase-1) polarisation; spatial arrangement of macrophages and lymphocytes; and perforin and granulysin distribution in CD3+ and CD56+ cells were visulaised using double-labelled immunofluorescence. In contrast to the tubules, iNOS+ cells were more abundant than the arginase-1+ cells in the glomeruli...

OBJECTIVES: Growing evidence suggests that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an organ-damaging systemic autoimmune illness, may be influenced by long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This study aimed to assess the relative expression of lncRNAs (MIR31HG, NKILA, and PACER) in patients with SLE to evaluate their role in the disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study involved 70 patients with SLE and 70 apparently healthy control subjects. The expression levels of lnc-MIR31HG, NKILA, and PACER were quantified using real-time PCR...

BACKGROUND: IgA vasculitis nephritis is the most common secondary IgA nephropathy. Urinary C4d have been identified associated with the development and progression in primary IgA nephropathy. However, its role in kidney disease progression of IgA vasculitis nephritis is still unclear. METHODS: This study enrolled 139 patients with IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN), 18 healthy subjects, 23 Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis patients and 38 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients...

INTRODUCTION: Kidney disease is a well-known extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a variety of underlying etiologies. However, little is known about the overall outcomes and predictors. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational cohort study. Patients with IBD in whom a native kidney biopsy was performed at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between 1994 and 2022, were included. Demographic, clinical, and histologic characteristics of prognostic interest were collected...

INTRODUCTION: Antibrush border antibody disease (ABBA) is an autoimmune tubulointerstitial kidney disease that primarily affects older individuals and results in progressive kidney failure. It is rare with only 20 reported cases. Here, we describe a case series to further define the clinicopathologic spectrum and natural history, and to inform management. METHODS: We identified 67 patients with ABBA who underwent kidney biopsy, including 65 native and 2 transplants...

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) on kidney biopsies strongly predicts progression to end-stage renal disease. However, factors associated with progression of IFTA are not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and histopathological factors at the time of index kidney biopsies that are associated with worsening IFTA on repeat biopsies. Methods Patients with LN Class I to V or mixed LN on index biopsies who underwent a clinically indicated repeat biopsy between 2004 and 2020 were identified...

Kidney biopsy (KB) has become essential in the nephrologist's approach to kidney diseases, both for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Our objective is to describe the preliminary results of KBs in Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place over 36 months in the nephrology/dialysis department of the Zinder National Hospital. Biopsy results were obtained in less than 5 working days. Patients were responsible for covering the cost of the kidney biopsy...

BACKGROUND: Improvements in sickle cell disease (SCD) care have resulted in the survival of many patients into adulthood, although this is accompanied by the increased incidence of end-organ damage, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and predictors of renal dysfunction in SCD patients and investigated the associated renal histopathologic changes. METHODS: We evaluated 105 patients with SCD, for proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tubular dysfunction...

The most prevalent and devastating form of organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is lupus nephritis (LN). LN is characterized by glomerular injury, inflammation, cell proliferation, and necrosis, leading to podocyte injury and tubular epithelial cell damage. Assays for urine biomarkers have demonstrated significant promise in the early detection of LN, evaluation of disease activity, and tracking of reaction to therapy. This is because they are non-invasive, allow for frequent monitoring and easy self-collection, transport and storage...

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the relationship between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression levels, lupus nephritis (LN) disease activity, and the degree of renal injury (based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) in patients with LN. METHODS: We selected 40 healthy control participants and 102 patients with LN who were treated in the Second Hospital of Jilin University, China, for inclusion in this study. Patients with LN were classified into LN with high-eGFR and LN with low-eGFR groups...