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REVIEW
James Milburn, Rachita Suresh, Ronan Doyle, Joseph N Jarvis
INTRODUCTION: Central nervous system infections (CNSI) disproportionately affect individuals in low-resource settings where diagnosis is challenging; large proportions of patients never receive a confirmed microbiological diagnosis resulting in inadequate management and high mortality. The epidemiology of CNSI varies globally and conventional diagnostics deployed in resource-limited settings have significant limitations, with an urgent need for improved diagnostic strategies. AREAS COVERED: This review describes molecular platforms and other novel diagnostics used in the diagnosis of CNSI that are applicable to resource-limited settings...
March 2024: Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Torgny Sunnerhagen, Johan Widén, Sahar Handhal, Gülşen Özkaya Şahin
FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis panel (FAME-p) is used to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) infections. In this study, we investigated performance of FAME-p compared to comparator assays (CA), and for the first time, clinical diagnosis at discharge (CDD). 1000 consecutive patients with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample analyzed with FAME-p were identified. As CA, culture, polymerase chain reaction and cryptococcal antigen test were used. Medical records of patients were obtained. A CDD of CNS infection was made in 139 of 1000 CSF samples...
February 18, 2024: Scientific Reports
#23
Sara Sanfilippo, Bastien Docquier, Paul Louis Schrooyen, Dorine Makhoul, Aurélie Le
INTRODUCTION: In this case report, we present a rare case of bilateral cryptococcal choroiditis following a diagnosis of meningitis in a 38-year-old woman with HIV. CASE PRESENTATION: A Colombian woman, newly diagnosed with HIV, presented with respiratory distress followed by meningeal syndrome. Further evaluation revealed cryptococcal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans , confirmed through cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging...
2024: Case Reports in Ophthalmology
#24
REVIEW
Christina C Chang, Thomas S Harrison, Tihana A Bicanic, Methee Chayakulkeeree, Tania C Sorrell, Adilia Warris, Ferry Hagen, Andrej Spec, Rita Oladele, Nelesh P Govender, Sharon C Chen, Christopher H Mody, Andreas H Groll, Yee-Chun Chen, Michail S Lionakis, Alexandre Alanio, Elizabeth Castañeda, Jairo Lizarazo, José E Vidal, Takahiro Takazono, Martin Hoenigl, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Rajeev Soman, Li-Ping Zhu, Alexandro Bonifaz, Joseph N Jarvis, Jeremy N Day, Nikolai Klimko, Jon Salmanton-García, Grégory Jouvion, David B Meya, David Lawrence, Sebastian Rahn, Felix Bongomin, Brendan J McMullan, Rosanne Sprute, Tinashe K Nyazika, Justin Beardsley, Fabianne Carlesse, Christopher H Heath, Olusola O Ayanlowo, Olga M Mashedi, Flavio Queiroz-Telles Filho, Mina C Hosseinipour, Atul K Patel, Elvis Temfack, Nina Singh, Oliver A Cornely, David R Boulware, Olivier Lortholary, Peter G Pappas, John R Perfect
Cryptococcosis is a major worldwide disseminated invasive fungal infection. Cryptococcosis, particularly in its most lethal manifestation of cryptococcal meningitis, accounts for substantial mortality and morbidity. The breadth of the clinical cryptococcosis syndromes, the different patient types at-risk and affected, and the vastly disparate resource settings where clinicians practice pose a complex array of challenges. Expert contributors from diverse regions of the world have collated data, reviewed the evidence, and provided insightful guideline recommendations for health practitioners across the globe...
February 9, 2024: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olivier Paccoud, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Sophie Cassaing, Karine Boukris-Sitbon, Alexandre Alanio, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Christine Bonnal, Julie Bonhomme, Françoise Botterel, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Sophie Brun, Taieb Chouaki, Muriel Cornet, Eric Dannaoui, Magalie Demar, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Loïc Favennec, Arnaud Fekkar, Frederic Gabriel, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Juliette Guitard, Lilia Hasseine, Antoine Huguenin, Solène Le Gal, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Caroline Mahinc, Florent Morio, Muriel Nicolas, Célia Rouges, Estelle Cateau, Florence Persat, Philippe Poirier, Stéphane Ranque, Gabrielle Roosen, Anne-Laure Roux, Milène Sasso, Olivier Lortholary, Fanny Lanternier
Among 1107 cryptococcosis cases from the French surveillance network (2005-2020), the proportion of HIV-seronegative individuals has recently surpassed that of HIV-seropositive individuals. We observed marked differences in patient characteristics, disease presentations, cryptococcal antigen results, infecting species, and mortality according to HIV serostatus.
February 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tshepiso Mbangiwa, Aude Sturny-Leclère, Kwana Lechiile, Cheusisime Kajanga, Timothée Boyer-Chammard, Jennifer C Hoving, Tshepo Leeme, Melanie Moyo, Nabila Youssouf, David S Lawrence, Henry Mwandumba, Mosepele Mosepele, Thomas S Harrison, Joseph N Jarvis, Olivier Lortholary, Alexandre Alanio
BACKGROUND: HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis is the second leading cause of AIDS-related deaths, with a 10-week mortality rate of 25-30%. Fungal load assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU) counts is used as a prognostic marker and to monitor response to treatment in research studies. PCR-based assessment of fungal load could be quicker and less labour-intensive. We sought to design, optimise, and validate quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection, identification, and quantification of Cryptococcus infections in patients with cryptococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa...
February 8, 2024: The Lancet. Microbe
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gonzalo Cornejo-Venegas, Xosse Carreras, Andrea S Salcedo, David R Soriano-Moreno, Jorge L Salinas, Jorge Alave
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to describe studies that evaluate the management of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, types of shunts used, and clinically relevant patient outcomes. METHODS: We searched in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science/Core collection, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov on 1 April 2022. We included two-arm and one-arm cohort studies that evaluated clinically relevant patient outcomes...
2024: Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James Milburn, Ookeditse Ntwayagae, Rachita Suresh, Kebatshabile Ngoni, Cassie Northcott, James Penny, Matthew Kinsella, Imogen Mechie, Samuel Ensor, Goitseone Thamae, Tshepo Leeme, David S Lawrence, Tony Chebani, Daniel Grint, Mark W Tenforde, Ava Avalos, Dinah Ramaabya, Justus Ogando, Margaret Mokomane, Madisa Mine, Joseph N Jarvis
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcal meningitis causes substantial mortality in high-HIV prevalence African countries despite advances in disease management and increasing antiretroviral therapy coverage. Reliable diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis is cheap and more accessible than other indicators of AHD burden such as CD4 testing or investigation for disseminated tuberculosis; therefore, monitoring cryptococcal meningitis incidence has the potential to serve as a valuable metric of HIV programmatic success...
February 8, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
#29
Robert Deiss, Carolina V Loreti, Ana G Gutierrez, Eudoxia Filipe, Milton Tatia, Sheila Issufo, Iza Ciglenecki, Anne Loarec, Henriques Vivaldo, Carmen Barra, Carolina Siufi, Lucas Molfino, Natalia Tamayo Antabak
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250195.].
2024: PloS One
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Audra A Hargett, Hugo F Azurmendi, Conor J Crawford, Maggie P Wear, Stefan Oscarson, Arturo Casadevall, Darón I Freedberg
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen responsible for cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis. The C. neoformans ' capsular polysaccharide and its shed exopolysaccharide function both as key virulence factors and to protect the fungal cell from phagocytosis. Currently, a glycoconjugate of these polysaccharides is being explored as a vaccine to protect against C. neoformans infection. In this study, NOE and J -coupling values from NMR experiments were consistent with a converged structure of the synthetic decasaccharide, GXM10-Ac3 , calculated from MD simulations...
February 13, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Felix Bongomin, Richard Kwizera, Martha Namusobya, Norman van Rhijn, Irene Andia-Biraro, Bruce J Kirenga, David B Meya, David W Denning
BACKGROUND: It is of utmost importance to monitor any change in the epidemiology of fungal diseases that may arise from a change in the number of the at-risk population or the availability of local data. OBJECTIVE: We sought to update the 2015 publication on the incidence and prevalence of serious fungal diseases in Uganda. METHODS: Using the Leading International Fungal Education methodology, we reviewed published data on fungal diseases and drivers of fungal diseases in Uganda...
2024: Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kartika Maharani, Sofiati Dian, Ahmad Rizal Ganiem, Darma Imran, Riwanti Estiasari, Edwin Ardiansyah, Putri Widya Andini, Fransisca Kristina, David Pangeran, Lidya Chaidir, Bachti Alisjahbana, Andriansjah Rukmana, Ardiana Kusumaningrum, Robiatul Adawiyah, Decy Subekti, Evy Yunihastuti, Reyhan Eddy Yunus, Lia Waslia, Jakko van Ingen, Arjan van Laarhoven, Raph L Hamers, Reinout van Crevel
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the etiology, clinical presentation, management, and outcome of central nervous system (CNS) infections in Indonesia, a country with a high burden of infectious diseases and a rising prevalence of HIV. METHODS: We included adult patients with suspected CNS infections at two referral hospitals in a prospective cohort between April 2019 and December 2021. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessments were standardized. We recorded initial and final diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes during 6 months of follow-up...
February 5, 2024: Infection
#33
Dongrui Liang, Xiaodong Li
BACKGROUND: Patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) are at an increased risk of developing various infections due to the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is an uncommon but severe complication that can occur in patients with PNS, particularly those receiving immunosuppressive medications. CASE DESCRIPTION: This case report describes a middle-aged female patient with PNS and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who developed CM...
2024: Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
#34
Carlos A Arango-Franco, Julián Rojas, Carolina Firacative, Clara Inés Agudelo, José Luis Franco, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Anne Puel, Jairo Lizarazo, Elizabeth Castañeda, Andrés A Arias
Background : Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii . Autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in otherwise healthy adults with cryptococcal meningitis have been described since 2013. We searched for neutralizing auto-Abs in sera from Colombian patients with non-HIV related cryptococcosis in a retrospective national cohort collected from 1997 to 2016. Methods: We reviewed clinical and laboratory records and assessed the presence of neutralizing auto-Abs in 30 HIV (-) adults presenting cryptococcosis (13 by C...
January 19, 2024: Research Square
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying-Kui Jiang, Ling-Hong Zhou, Jia-Hui Cheng, Jun-Hao Zhu, Yu Luo, Li Li, Min Zhu, Rong-Sheng Zhu, Wen-Jia Qiu, Hua-Zhen Zhao, Xuan Wang, Jun-Tian Huang, Oliver A Cornely, Wen-Hong Zhang, Li-Ping Zhu
OBJECTIVES: To explore the seroprevalence of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and assess its predictive value for survival. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 12 years of non-HIV CM. We detected serum anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies, evaluated the clinical features and outcomes, together with the exploration of prognostic factors for 2-week and 1-year survival. RESULTS: A total of 584 non-HIV CM cases were included...
January 29, 2024: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
#36
Jessica C Hargarten, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Seher H Anjum, Malcolm J Vaughan, Jintao Xu, Brian Song, Anutosh Ganguly, Yoon-Dong Park, Terri Scott, Dima A Hammoud, Michal A Olszewski, Peter R Williamson
Post-infection inflammatory syndromes have been increasingly recognized as a cause of host damage in a variety of infectious diseases including tuberculosis, bacterial meningitis, and COVID-19. Recently, a post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS) was described in non-HIV-infected cryptococcal fungal meningoencephalitis (CM) as a major cause of mortality. Inflammatory syndromes are particularly severe in neurological infections due to the skull's rigid structure which limits unchecked tissue expansion from inflammatory-induced edema...
January 21, 2024: medRxiv
#37
REVIEW
Mao-Zhu Liu, Xin-Hua Dai, Ming-Tang Zeng, En-Qiang Chen
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a fatal fungal central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by Cryptococcus infecting the meninges and/or brain parenchyma, with fever, headache, neck stiffness, and visual disturbances as the primary clinical manifestations. Immunocompromised individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or who have undergone organ transplantation, as well as immunocompetent people can both be susceptible to CM. Without treatment, patients with CM may have a mortality rate of up to 100% after hospital admission...
January 30, 2024: Journal of Neurology
#38
Lia Sanchez Ramirez, Quigly Dragotakes, Arturo Casadevall
UNLABELLED: Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcosis mostly in immune compromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS. One survival mechanism of C. neoformans during infection is melanin production, which is catalyzed by laccase. Hence comparative assessment of laccase activity is useful for characterizing cryptococcal strains. After a serendipitous observation that culturing C. neoformans with food coloring resulted in the degradation of some dyes with phenolic structures, we associated this phenomenon with catalytic activity by cryptococcal laccase...
January 1, 2024: bioRxiv
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alison Gifford, Naamal Jayawardena, Fabianne Carlesse, Jairo Lizarazo, Brendan McMullan, Andreas H Groll, Adilia Warris
BACKGROUND: Seroprevalence studies have shown that 70% of children are exposed to Cryptococcus, the most common cause of meningitis in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but reported pediatric disease prevalence is much lower than in adults. METHODS: PubMed and Ovid Global Health databases were searched with the terms "cryptococcosis," "cryptococcal meningitis," "Cryptococcus neoformans" or "Cryptococcus gattii." All studies reporting pediatric specific data in the English language from 1980 up until December 2022 were included...
January 15, 2024: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elsa Mualim, S Andiny Fitriani Hukman, Jedidya Ricardo Siagian, Triaugust Aquino Mantong, Raudiya Magfira Dahlan, Andi Dian Permana
Amphotericin B (AmB) is the first-line drug used for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis (CM). AmB has poor gastrointestinal permeability due to its large molecular weight. In addition, AmB in injectable form has the disadvantages of high systemic side effects and low bioavailability in the brain because it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, it is important to develop new drugs with a more optimized delivery system. The nose-to-brain drug delivery system offers many advantages such as high bioavailability in the brain as it does not need to cross the BBB...
January 18, 2024: Analytical Sciences: the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
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