Traumatic head injury

BACKGROUND: Pediatric penetrating brain injuries (PBIs) are rare but critical traumatic events, often involving foreign objects. This report will emphasize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for pediatric PBI cases. CASE DESCRIPTION: This report presents a case of a 7-year-old male patient with a PBI resulting from a nail that penetrated the left mastoid region following a fall from a tree. On admission, the patient maintained consciousness, displayed stable vital signs, and showed no neurological deficits...

INTRODUCTION: Acute subdural hematomas (SDH) pose a significant health risk, often resulting from traumatic head injuries. The choice between surgical interventions, craniotomy, and decompressive craniectomy, remains a subject of debate. This meta-analysis aims to compare outcomes and guide clinical decision-making. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases such as Ovid Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane, up to December 2023...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Head computed tomography (CT) is frequently utilized for evaluating trauma-related characteristics, selecting treatment options, and monitoring complications in the early stages. This study assessed the relationship between cranial CT findings and early and late neurological outcomes in pediatric TBI patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The study included children aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to the PICU due to TBI between 2014 and 2020...

Progression of intracranial hemorrhage is a common, potentially devastating complication after moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clinicians have few tools to predict which patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on their initial head computed tomographic scan (hCT) scan will progress. The objective of this investigation was to identify clinical, imaging, and/or protein biomarkers associated with progression of intracranial hemorrhage (PICH) after moderate/severe TBI and to create an accurate predictive model of PICH based on clinical features available at presentation...

Background: In the popular fighting sport of boxing, opponents strike each other above the belt line in the face, chest, and belly. The physical parts most exposed are therefore the nose and eyes. In amateur boxing, fights go only three rounds - three minutes for men and one minute for women - with a one-minute break in between. They wear gloves, but the head protection used in the men's game has been removed by AIBA due to the high likelihood of concussion when using head protection. Because chronic ocular changes may take longer than the expected short-term effects, this study included at least 3 years of competitive sports participation...

Blast is the most common injury mechanism in conflicts of this century due to the widespread use of explosives, confirmed by recent conflicts such as in Ukraine. Data from conflicts in the last century such as Northern Ireland, the Falklands and Vietnam up to present day, show between 16 and 21% of personnel suffered a traumatic brain injury. Typical features of fatal brain injury to those outside of a vehicle (hereafter referred to as dismounted) due to blast include the presence of haemorrhagic brain injury alongside skull fractures rather than isolated penetrating injuries more typical of traditional ballistic head injuries...

Background : Maxillofacial microvascular free-flap reconstructions are significant interventions in the management of congenital defects, traumatic injuries, malignancies, and iatrogenic complications in pediatric and young adult patients. Craniofacial disorders within this demographic can result in profound functional, cosmetic, and psychosocial impairments, highlighting the critical need for thorough investigation into factors that may influence procedural success and postoperative quality of life. This retrospective chart review aims to examine the outcomes and potential influencing factors, aiming to offer valuable insights into optimizing the effectiveness of these reconstructions and improving patient outcomes...

Increased incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) imposes a growing need to understand the pathology of brain trauma. A correlation between the incidence of multiple brain traumas and rates of behavioural and cognitive deficiencies has been identified amongst people that experienced multiple TBI events. Mechanically, repetitive TBIs may affect brain tissue in a similar way to cyclic loading. Hence, the potential susceptibility of brain tissue to mechanical fatigue is of interest. Although temporal changes in ovine brain tissue viscoelasticity and biological fatigue of other tissues such as tendons and arteries have been investigated, no methodology currently exists to cyclically load ex vivo brain tissue...

BACKGROUND: The intra-abdominal injury and traumatic brain injury prediction rules derived by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) were designed to reduce inappropriate use of CT in children with abdominal and head trauma, respectively. We aimed to validate these prediction rules for children presenting to emergency departments with blunt abdominal or minor head trauma. METHODS: For this prospective validation study, we enrolled children and adolescents younger than 18 years presenting to six emergency departments in Sacramento (CA), Dallas (TX), Houston (TX), San Diego (CA), Los Angeles (CA), and Oakland (CA), USA between Dec 27, 2016, and Sept 1, 2021...

INTRODUCTION: The modified Brain Injury Guideline (mBIG) is a framework to stratify traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients based on clinical and radiographic factors in level 1 and 2 trauma centers. Approximately 75% of all US hospitals do not carry any trauma designation yet may also benefit from these guidelines. This is the first report of applying the mBIG protocol in a community hospital without any trauma designation. METHODS: All adult patients with a TBI in a single center during the years 2020-2022 were retrospectively classified into mBIG categories...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading contributor to emergency department (ED) mortalities in Ethiopia. Mild TBI patients comprise half of all TBI patients presenting for care in Ethiopia and have a high potential for recovery. As such, context-specific care-improving strategies may be highly impactful for this group of patients. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the presentation and disposition of mTBI patients who received a computed tomography scan of the head (CTH) upon arrival at the largest teaching hospital in Ethiopia...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older individuals is increasing with an increase in the older population. For older people, the required medical interventions and hospitalization following minor head injury have negative impacts, which have not been reported in literature up till now. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) in older patients with minor head injury. METHODS: This is a retrospective single-center cohort study...

Aβ42 plaque formation is one of the preliminary pathologic events that occur post traumatic brain injury (TBI) which is also among the most noteworthy hallmarks of AD. Their pre symptomatic detection is therefore vital for better disease management. Chalcone-picolinic acid chelator derivative, 6-({[(6-carboxypyridin-2-yl)methyl](2-{4-[(2E)-3-[4-(dimethyl amino)phenyl]prop-2-enoyl]phenoxy}ethyl)amino}methyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, Py-chal was synthesized to selectively identify amyloid plaques formed post head trauma using SPECT imaging by stable complexation to 99m Tc with > 97% efficiency without compromising amyloid specificity...

BACKGROUND: Intact meniscus roots are a prerequisite for normal meniscal function, including even distribution of compressive forces across the knee joint. An injury to the root disrupts the hoop strength of the meniscus and may lead to its extrusion and the development of osteoarthritis. A medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) is often thought to have a primary degenerative pathogenesis. However, there is mention of some cases of MMPRTs where the patients have a solely traumatic injury to a previously healthy meniscus...

OBJECTIVE: Describe and compare the demographic characteristics and disability profiles of individuals admitted to 6 types of posthospital brain injury rehabilitation (PHBIR) programs. SETTING: Data from Residential Neurobehavioral, Residential Neurorehabilitation, Home and Community Neurorehabilitation, Day Treatment, Outpatient Neurorehabilitation, and Supported Living programs serving individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand twenty-eight individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, or other ABI...

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to characterize and identify correlates of healthy days at home (HDaH) before and after TBI requiring inpatient rehabilitation. Setting: Inpatient hospital, nursing home, and home health services. PARTICIPANTS: Average of n= 631 community-dwelling fee-for-service age 66+ Medicare beneficiaries across 30 replicate samples who were hospitalized for traumatic brain injury (TBI) between 2012 and 2014 and admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) within 72 hours of hospital discharge...

We report the case of an isolated post traumatic radial head dislocation in a 5 year old child. Clinical examination and the X ray results allow the diagnosis which can be unnoticed. The reduction by external maneuvers avoids the surgical treatment which remains the gold standard for chronic dislocation.

OBJECTIVE: Primary brain injuries, which are the result of severe head trauma and cannot be prevented, are always catastrophic and fatal. Yet, if diagnostic and therapeutic steps are taken promptly after a craniocerebral injury, further brain insults may be prevented and the victim's death can be avoided within 24 hours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Source of data, sample size, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, statistical methods. RESULTS: One hundred individuals with confirmed cumputer tomography (CT) scan results of severe head trauma participated in this analysis...

INTRODUCTION: Trauma-related deaths and post-traumatic sequelae are a global health concern, necessitating a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology to advance trauma therapy. Proteomics offers insights into identifying and analyzing plasma proteins associated with trauma and inflammatory conditions; however, current proteomic methods have limitations in accurately measuring low-abundance plasma proteins. This study compared plasma proteomics profiles of patients from different acute trauma subgroups to identify new therapeutic targets and devise better strategies for personalized medicine...

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 75% of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) qualify as mild. However, there exists no universally agreed upon definition for mild TBI (mTBI). Consequently, treatment guidelines for this group are lacking. The Center for Disease Control (CDC), American College of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM), Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense (VA/DoD), Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST), and the University of Arizona's Brain Injury Guidelines (BIG) have each published differing definitions for mTBI...