Electronic records

INTRODUCTION: blood transfusion remains an essential therapeutic intervention, but the occurrence of transfusion reactions makes its administration even more complex. Vigilant reporting of such reactions by recipients of blood products is essential for effective haemovigilance. This study aimed to determine the frequency and nature of transfusion reactions. METHODS: conducted over five years (2017-2021) at the Haemovigilance Department of the Rabat Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, this retrospective study exploited incident forms notified by health establishments and data from the regional blood transfusion centre's computer system...

OBJECTIVE: We applied a user experience (UX) design approach to clinical decision support (CDS) tool development for the specific use case of pediatric asthma. Our objective was to understand physicians' workflows, decision-making processes, barriers (ie, pain points), and facilitators to increase usability of the tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a mixed-methods approach with semi-structured interviews and surveys. The coded interviews were synthesized into physician-user journey maps (ie, visualization of a process to accomplish goals) and personas (ie, user types)...

Long-term and high-dose prescription opioid use places individuals at risk for opioid misuse, opioid use disorder (OUD), and overdose. Existing methods for monitoring opioid use and detecting misuse rely on self-reports, which are prone to reporting bias, and toxicology testing, which may be infeasible in outpatient settings. Although wearable technologies for monitoring day-to-day health metrics have gained significant traction in recent years due to their ease of use, flexibility, and advancements in sensor technology, their application within the opioid use space remains underexplored...

OBJECTIVE: To validate primary and secondary care codes in electronic health records to identify people receiving chronic kidney replacement therapy based on gold standard registry data. DESIGN: Validation study using data from OpenSAFELY and the UK Renal Registry, with the approval of NHS England. SETTING: Primary and secondary care electronic health records from people registered at 45% of general practices in England on 1 January 2020, linked to data from the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) within the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform, part of the NHS England OpenSAFELY covid-19 service...

INTRODUCTION: Enuresis (NE) is a socially stigmatising and stressful condition affecting children's and parent's quality of life. The aim of this review was to evaluate and summarize the current knowledge about the pharmacological and non-pharmacological traditional and innovative treatments in children with NE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined the following bibliographic electronic databases: PubMed and the Cochrane Library, from January 2000 until July 2023. The search was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) (8) and was limited to English-language papers that focused on enuresis in patients under 18 years old...

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for predictive deep-learning models in health care. However, practical prediction task design, fair comparison, and model selection for clinical applications remain a challenge. To address this, we introduce and evaluate two new prediction tasks-outcome-specific length-of-stay and early-mortality prediction for COVID-19 patients in intensive care-which better reflect clinical realities. We developed evaluation metrics, model adaptation designs, and open-source data preprocessing pipelines for these tasks while also evaluating 18 predictive models, including clinical scoring methods and traditional machine-learning, basic deep-learning, and advanced deep-learning models, tailored for electronic health record (EHR) data...

PURPOSE: Two-drug regimens (2DR) may address drug-drug interactions and toxicity concerns. Dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) 2DR was approved in the US for both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced individuals with a viral load <50 copies/mL. This study describes real-world DTG/3TC 2DR treatment outcomes among treatment-experienced individuals, stratified by age, sex, and race. METHODS: From the OPERA® cohort, people with HIV with a viral load <50 copies/mL who switched from a commonly used three-drug regimen to DTG/3TC 2DR as per the label between April 8, 2019 and April 30, 2021 were included...

BACKGROUND: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a crucial role in the growth and functional development of the infant brain. However, the impact of additional DHA supplementation on neurodevelopment in infants remains controversial in randomized controlled trials. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal and postnatal DHA supplementation on neurodevelopment. METHODS: We systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library electronic databases using a predefined strategy until 8 February 2024...

Data and indicator estimates are considered vital to document persisting challenges in maternal and newborn health and track progress towards global goals. However, prioritization of standardised, comparable quantitative data can preclude the collection of locally relevant information and pose overwhelming burdens in low-resource settings, with negative effects on the provision of quality of care. A growing body of qualitative studies aims to provide a place-based understanding of the complex processes and human experiences behind the generation and use of maternal and neonatal health data...

BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia have substantial comorbidity that contributes to reduced life expectancy of 10 to 20 years. Identifying modifiable comorbidities could improve rates of premature mortality. Conditions that frequently co-occur but lack shared genetic risk with schizophrenia are more likely to be products of treatment, behavior, or environmental factors and therefore are enriched for potentially modifiable associations. METHODS: Phenome-wide comorbidity was calculated from electronic health records of 250,000 patients across 2 independent health care institutions (Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Mass General Brigham); associations with schizophrenia polygenic risk scores were calculated across the same phenotypes in linked biobanks...

Intrinsic cardiac neurons (ICNs) play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the heart; yet a paucity of data pertaining to human ICNs exists. We took a multidisciplinary approach to complete a detailed cellular comparison of the structure and function of ICNs from mice, pigs, and humans. Immunohistochemistry of whole and sectioned ganglia, transmission electron microscopy, intracellular microelectrode recording and dye filling for quantitative morphometry were used to define the neurophysiology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of these cells across species...

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to pose a substantial public health challenge in the United States (US). Surveillance, a cornerstone of disease control and prevention, can be strengthened to promote more timely, efficient, and equitable practices by incorporating health information exchange (HIE) and other large-scale health data sources into reporting. New York City patient-level electronic health record data between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2023 were obtained from Healthix, the largest US public HIE...

Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) later in life potentiate risk for late cardiovascular disease (CVD) from cardiotoxic treatment among survivors. This study evaluated the association of baseline CVRFs and CVD in the early survivorship period. Methods This analysis included patients ages 0-29 at initial diagnosis and reported in the institutional cancer registry between 2010 and 2017 (n = 1228). Patients who died within five years (n = 168), those not seen in the oncology clinic (n = 312), and those with CVD within one year of diagnosis (n = 17) were excluded...

Background: Cybersecurity incidents affecting hospitals have grown in prevalence and consequence over the last two decades, increasing the importance of cybersecurity preparedness and response training to minimize clinical disruptions. This work describes the development, execution, and post-exercise assessment of a novel simulation scenario consisting of four interlocking intensive care unit (ICU) patient scenarios. This simulation was designed to demonstrate the management of acute pathologies without access to conventional treatment methods during a cybersecurity incident in order to raise clinician awareness of the increasing incidence and patient safety implications of such events...

Transparent microelectrodes have received much attention from the biomedical community due to their unique advantages in concurrent crosstalk-free electrical and optical interrogation of cell/tissue activity. Despite recent progress in constructing transparent microelectrodes, a major challenge is to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical stretchability, optical transparency, electrochemical performance, and chemical stability for high-fidelity, conformal, and stable interfacing with soft tissue/organ systems...

While it is known that vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse bone outcomes, it remains unclear whether low vitamin D status may increase the risk of a wider range of health outcomes. We had the opportunity to explore the association between common genetic variants associated with both 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the vitamin D binding protein (DBP, encoded by the GC gene) with a comprehensive range of health disorders and laboratory tests in a large academic medical center. We used summary statistics for 25OHD and DBP to generate polygenic scores (PGS) for 66,482 participants with primarily European ancestry and 13,285 participants with primarily African ancestry from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Biobank (BioVU)...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Legal regulations for dispensing in Swiss heroin-assisted treatment were relaxed during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing prolonged take-home of up to 7 days instead of two to reduce patient contact and the risk of infection. Our study aimed to measure the consequences of this new practice. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective cohort study set in Switzerland's largest outpatient centre for opioid agonist therapy. One hundred and thirty-four (72...

BACKGROUND: Adults ≥ 65 years of age have suboptimal influenza vaccination responses compared to younger adults due to age-related immunosenescence. Two vaccines were specifically developed to enhance protection: MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aIIV3) and high-dose egg-based trivalent influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3e). METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study conducted using US electronic medical records linked to claims data during the 2019-2020 influenza season, we compared the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of aIIV3 with HD-IIV3e and a standard-dose non-adjuvanted egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4e) for the prevention of cardiorespiratory hospitalizations, including influenza hospitalizations...

Upon dibenzo annulation on Thiele's hydrocarbon (tetraphenyl-p-quinodimethane), the quinoid form and the biradical form adopt quite different geometries, and thus are no longer resonance structures. When these two forms can interconvert rapidly due to the small energy barrier (ΔG‡), the equilibrated mixture contains both forms in a ratio that is determined by the energy difference (ΔGo) between the two forms. For a series of tetrakis[5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]-substituted derivatives, the more stable quinoid form and the metastable biradical form coexist in solution as an equilibrated mixture due to small ΔG‡ (< 15 kcal mol-1) and ΔGo (1-4 kcal mol-1), in which the proportion of the two forms can be regulated by temperature...

BACKGROUND: Most studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression burden focused on the earlier pandemic phase specific to lockdowns, but the longer-term impact of the pandemic is less well-studied. In this population-based cohort study, we examined the short-term and long-term impacts of COVID-19 on depression incidence and healthcare service use among patients with depression. METHODS: Using the territory-wide electronic medical records in Hong Kong, we identified all patients aged ≥ 10 years with new diagnoses of depression from 2014 to 2022...