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BACKGROUND: There is an unmet medical need for effective nonopioid analgesics that can decrease pain while reducing systemic opioid use. CPL-01, an extended-release injectable formulation of ropivacaine, is designed to safely provide analgesia and reduce or eliminate opioid use in the postoperative period. METHODS: Subjects undergoing open inguinal hernia with mesh were prospectively randomized to 1 of 3 doses of CPL-01 (10, 20, or 30 ml of 2% CPL-01, n = 14, 12, and 14, respectively), Naropin (150 mg, n = 40), or saline placebo (n = 13) infiltrated into the surgical site prior to closure...

Microbial life is not restricted to any particular setting. Over the past several decades, it has been evident that microbial populations can exist in a wide range of environments, including those with extremes in temperature, pressure, salinity, and pH. Bacteria and Archaea are the two most reported types of microbes that can sustain in extreme environments, such as hot springs, ice caves, acid drainage, and salt marshes. Some can even grow in toxic waste, organic solvents, and heavy metals. These microbes are called extremophiles...

As a main extraction compound from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Baicalin exhibits various biological activities. However, the underlying mechanism of Baicalin on hypertension-induced heart injury remains unclear. In vivo, mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II; 500 ng/kg/min) or saline using osmotic pumps, followed by intragastrically administrated with Baicalin (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. In vitro, H9C2 cells were stimulated with Ang II (1 μM) and treated with Baicalin (12...

Smart water injection is a technology that allows changing the wettability of the oil rock by injecting water at different salinities, in a cheap and environmentally friendly way compared to other traditional methods. In this study, the individual effect of some typical salts on the wettability of the (104) surface of calcite toward non-polar and polar crude oil models was explored by molecular dynamics as a function of the salinity and pH. The results obtained show that the electrical double layer plays a principal role in the detachment of crude oil models...

BACKGROUND: Surgical wounds that become infected are often debrided because clinicians believe that removal of this necrotic or infected tissue may expedite wound healing. There are numerous methods of debridement available, but no consensus on which one is most effective for surgical wounds. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of different methods of debridement on the rate of debridement and healing of surgical wounds. SEARCH METHODS: In October 2021, we searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL...

In a 39-year-old male with mitral valve endocarditis, after 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics, echocardiography confirmed multiple vegetations on both leaflets, a flail posterior leaflet flail and contained perforation of the anterior leaflet in a windsock-like morphology. All vegetations, diseased and ruptured chords and the windsock-like contained rupture of the anterior leaflet were carefully resected via a right minithoracotomy and with femoral cannulation. Three repair techniques were blended to reconstruct the valve: (1) A large, infected portion of the prolapsing posterior leaflet was resected in a triangular fashion, and the edges were re-approximated using continuous 5-0 polypropylene sutures...

Background Chorioamnionitis is a common antecedent of preterm birth and induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the fetal lungs. Reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the fetal lungs may improve respiratory outcomes in preterm infants. Creatine is an organic acid with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of direct fetal creatine supplementation to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in fetal lungs arising from an in utero pro-inflammatory stimulus...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and commonly associated with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. This study aims to establish a rat model mimicking the progression from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and subsequently to HCC using thioacetamide (TAA). We utilized male Lewis rats, treating them with intra-peritoneal injections of TAA. These rats received bi-weekly injections of either 200 mg/kg TAA or saline (as a control) over a period of 34 weeks. The development of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinogenesis was monitored through histopathological examinations, biochemical markers, and immunohistochemical analyses...

OBJECTIVES: HIV-1 Tat (transactivator of transcription) protein disrupts dopaminergic transmission and potentiates the rewarding effects of cocaine. Allosteric modulators of the dopamine transporter (DAT) have been shown to reverse Tat-induced DAT dysfunction. We hypothesized that a novel DAT allosteric modulator, SRI-30827, would counteract Tat-induced potentiation of cocaine reward. METHODS: Doxycycline (Dox)-inducible Tat transgenic (iTat-tg) mice and their G-tg (Tat-null) counterparts were tested in a cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm...

Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative disease that affects the knee joints, particularly among individuals aged over 40 years. It leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced quality of life; affects approximately 300 million individuals worldwide; and is increasing, particularly in developed nations. Although treatments for KOA range from conservative measures to surgical interventions, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the financial burden of TKA in many countries underscores the urgent need for effective conservative therapies...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238704.].

Wound healing is a complex, intricate, and dynamic process that requires effective therapeutic management. The current study evaluates the wound healing potentials of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum L. seeds (CCS) in rats. Sprague Dawley (24) rats were distributed into four cages, wounds produced on the back of the neck, and received two daily topical treatments for 14 days: A, rats received normal saline; B, wounded rats treated with intrasite gel; C and D, rats received 0.2 mL of 250 and 500 mg/kg of CCS, respectively...

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been used in surgery to improve patients' postoperative cognitive function. However, the role of Dex in stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment is still unclear. In this study, we tested the role of Dex in anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by acute restrictive stress and analyzed the alterations of the intestinal flora to explore the possible mechanism. Behavioral and cognitive tests, including open field test, elevated plus-maze test, novel object recognition test, and Barnes maze test, were performed...

Soil salinization threatens agricultural productivity, leading to desertification and land degradation. Given the challenges of conducting labor-intensive and expensive field studies and laboratory analyses on a large scale, recent efforts have focused on leveraging remote sensing techniques to study soil salinity. This study assesses the importance of soil salinity indices' derived from remotely sensed imagery. Indices derived from Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel 2 (S2) imagery are used in Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Machine (SVR) are associated with the electrical (EC) conductivity of 280 soil samples across 24,000 hectares in Northeast Iran...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health concern worldwide with unmet effective treatment. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and its downstream type-I interferon (IFN) signalling are now appreciated to be involved in TBI pathogenesis. Compelling evidence have shown that STING and type-I IFNs are key in mediating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of STING presents a viable therapeutic opportunity in combating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI...

Objective To evaluate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene deletion on immune cell composition and inflammatory injury in lung tissues of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and HO-1 conditional-knockout (HO-1-/- ) mice on the same background were randomly divided into four groups (n=5 in every group): WT control group, LPS-treated WT group, HO-1-/- control group and LPS-treated HO-1-/- group. LPS-treated WT and HO-1-/- groups were injected with LPS (15 mg/kg) through the tail vein to establish ALI model, while WT control group and HO-1-/- control group were injected with an equivalent volume of normal saline through the tail vein, respectively...

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic condition associated with long-lasting molecular and behavioral changes. Animals with prolonged access to opioids develop behaviors similar to human OUD. Identifying associated molecular changes can provide insight to underpinnings that lead to or maintain OUD. In pilot studies, we identified several miRNA targets that are altered by the administration of oxycodone. We selected mir182 for follow up as it was recently shown to be dysregulated in plasma of men administered oxycodone...

Coral bleaching is an important ecological threat worldwide, as the coral ecosystem supports a rich marine biodiversity to survive. Sea surface temperature was considered a major culprit; however, later it was observed that other water parameters like pH, tCO2 , fCO2 , salinity, dissolved oxygen, etc. also play a significant role in bleaching. In the present study, all these parameters of the Indian Ocean area for 15 years (2003-2017) were collected and analysed using machine learning language. The main aim is to see the cumulative impacts of various ocean parameters on coral bleaching...

Nephrotoxicity as a cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cisplatin (CP), limits its usefulness as an anticancer agent. Diminazene, an angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activator, exhibited renoprotective properties on rat models of kidney diseases. This research aims to investigate the salutary effect of diminazene in comparison with lisinopril or valsartan in CP-induced AKI. The first and second groups of rats received oral vehicle (distilled water) for 9 days, and saline injection or intraperitoneal CP (6 mg/kg) on day 6, respectively...

In this study, 20-day-old soybean plants were watered with 100 mL of 100 mM NaCl solution and sprayed with silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) or potassium silicate every 3 days over 15 days, with a final dosage of 12 mg of SiO2 per plant. We assessed the alterations in the plant's growth and physiological traits, and the responses of bacterial microbiome within the leaf endosphere, rhizosphere, and root endosphere. The result showed that the type of silicon did not significantly impact most of the plant parameters...