Mole

The dissolution of cellulose in double salt ionic liquids (DSILs) was studied in detail and compared with the dissolution in individual constituent ionic liquids (ILs). The DSILs, [C4 mim](CH3 CO2 )x Cl1-x (x is the mole fraction of the single component ILs), were synthesized using acetate and chloride salts of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium. These DSILs were then used for the investigation of the solubility of cellulose in the whole mole fraction range. Commercial cellulose (CC) powder, kraft pulp (KP), and prehydrolysis kraft pulp (PHKP) of jute were chosen as cellulose sources...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising alternatives to existing petrochemical-based plastics because of their bio-degradable properties. However, the limited structural diversity of PHAs has hindered their application. In this study, high mole-fractions of Poly (39 mol% 3HB-co-17 mol% 3 HV-co-44 mol% 4 HV) and Poly (25 mol% 3HB-co-75 mol% 5 HV) were produced from 4- hydroxyvaleric acid and 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, using Cupriavidus necator PHB-4 harboring the gene phaCBP-M-CPF4 with modified sequences...

BACKGROUND: Twin pregnancies consisting of a complete hydatidiform mole and a coexistent fetus (CMCF) are rare and associated with a high rate of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Management of these pregnancies remains controversial and increasingly challenging following the Dobbs versus Jackson Women's Health decision given the viability of the coexisting twin fetus. CASE: This case looks at the diagnosis, management, and maternal-fetal outcomes of a viable fetus coexisting molar pregnancy at a large academic center in an abortion-restricted state...

INTRODUCTION: About 10% of all rodent species have evolved a subterranean way of life, although life in subterranean burrows is associated with harsh environmental conditions that would be lethal to most animals living above ground. Two key adaptations for survival in subterranean habitats are low resting metabolic rate (RMR) and core body temperature (Tb ). However, the upstream regulation of these traits was unknown thus far. Previously, we have reported exceptionally low concentrations of the thyroid hormone (TH) thyroxine (T4), and peculiarities in TH regulating mechanisms in two African mole-rat species, the naked mole-rat and the Ansell's mole-rat...

The ultrastructure of the olfactory system of most fossorial rodents remains largely unexplored. This study sought to investigate the functional structure of the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb of two species of fossorial rodents that have distinct behaviour and ecology, the East African root rat (RR) and the naked mole rat (NMR). Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed. The basic ultrastructural design of the olfactory system of the two species was largely comparable...

The hydatidiform mole is a rare gynaecological condition originating from trophoblastic cells, with an incidence of 1-3 per 1000 pregnancies. Theca lutein cysts (TLCs) and an invasive mole are rarely observed in association with a partial mole. This case describes an unusual case involving a 17-year-old primigravida at 11 weeks of gestation. She presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a molar pregnancy with post-evacuation rupture of TLC, presenting as an acute abdomen, subsequently undergoing laparoscopy...

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is widely used for its cleanliness and high efficiency in industry and city life. In order to improve the suppression effect on LPG explosion, a constant volume combustion bomb was used to investigate the synergistic influence of N2 /ultrafine water mist on the explosion and combustion characteristics of 6% premixed LPG/air gas. The results showed that (1) the effect of a single ultrafine water mist on suppressing LPG explosion is unstable. When the concentration of ultrafine water mist is low, the flame acceleration in the initial stage of explosion is promoted, and when the ultrafine water mist with a mass fraction of 420 g/m3 is introduced, the maximum pressure rise rate increases...

Global demand for epoxidized vegetable oil has been steadily growing. Epoxidized vegetable oils are typically produced using a two-pot synthesis process in which the oxidation and epoxidation reactions are carried out sequentially. This two-pot synthesis method, however, has a major drawback in industrialscale production, particularly when it comes to operational and process safety issues. A laboratory-scale one-pot synthesis method was attempted in this study with the aim to safely synthesize epoxidized Moringa Oleifera oil (eMOo) by avoiding the occurrence of undesired exothermic runaway reaction...

BACKGROUND: Modifying public awareness of oesophageal cancer symptoms might help to decrease late-stage diagnosis and, in turn, improve cancer outcomes. This study aimed to explore oesophageal cancer symptom awareness and determinants of lower awareness and anticipated time to help-seeking. METHODS: We invited 18,156 individuals aged 18 to 75 years using random sampling of the nationwide Dutch population registry. A cross-sectional web-based survey containing items adapted from the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer measure (i...

AIMS: A hydatidiform mole (HM) is classified as complete (CHM) or partial (PHM) based on its morphology and genomic composition. Ancillary techniques are often required to confirm a morphologically suspected PHM diagnosis. This study sought to evaluate the clinical accuracy of PHM diagnosis using morphological assessment supported by HER2 dual-colour dual-hapten in situ hybridisation (D-DISH) ploidy determination. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, our unit examined 1265 products of conception (POCs) from which 103 atypical POCs were diagnosed as PHM or non-molar conceptuses with the assistance of HER2 D-DISH ploidy analysis...

AIMS: Diagnosis of hydatidiform mole or molar pregnancy based on morphology alone can be challenging, particularly in early gestation, necessitating the use of ancillary techniques for accurate diagnosis. We sought to adapt the VENTANA HER2 dual-colour dual-hapten in-situ hybridisation (D-DISH) assay by using the internal chromosome 17 enumeration probe to determine ploidy status. METHODS: We selected 25 products of conception, consisting of molar and non-molar cases, to validate the HER2 D-DISH assay...

AIMS: This study aimed to re-evaluate the incidence of hydatidiform mole (HM) and determine gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) registration rates in Ireland following the establishment of the National GTD Registry in 2017. METHODS: We performed a 3-year retrospective audit of HM cases (January 2017 to December 2019) reported in our centre. In 2019, we surveyed Irish pathology laboratories to determine the number of HMs diagnosed nationally and compared this data to that recorded in the National GTD Registry...

BACKGROUND: Choriocarcinoma is a rare and highly malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease that may develop following pregnancy, abortion, or a hydatiform mole. Renal metastatic involvement by post molar choriocarcinoma is even rarer. In this case report, we describe a unique case of post molar choriocarcinoma with a solitary renal metastasis in the absence of a primary uterine tumor and metastases in other sites, which presented with urological symptoms and spontaneous renal hemorrhage...

Chronic wound healing, especially in burns, is a major medical challenge with limited treatments. This study employs computational tools to identify phytomolecules that target multiple pathways involved in wound healing. By utilizing shape analysis, molecular docking, and binding energy calculations, potential compounds are pinpointed,to address the growing problem of chronic wounds. Initially, a set of phytomolecules from the ZINC database of natural molecules was screened to find compounds with shapes similar to well-known wound healing phytomolecules like curcumin, chromogenic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin...

Iron-based phosphate cathode of Na4 Fe3 (PO4 )2 (P2 O7 ) has been regarded as a low-cost and structurally stable cathode material for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). However, their practical application is greatly hindered by the insufficient electrochemical performance and limited energy density. Here, we report a new iron-based phosphate cathode of Na4.5 Fe3.5 (PO4 )2.5 (P2 O7 ) with the intergrown heterostructure of the maricite-type NaFePO4 and orthorhombic Na4 Fe3 (PO4 )2 (P2 O7 ) phases at a mole ratio of 0...

Upon forming, the intensity or thickness of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in a Li-ion battery (LIB) evolves to various states depending on the cell materials and operation conditions. Despite a crucial role in comprehending the behaviors of an LIB, its quantitative measure is far from satisfactory mainly because of the undue complexity of the concentration profiles of the comprising chemical species. Here, we calculate the depth profiles of atomic mole fractions of C and F and their ratio as R C/F = C/F of graphite anodes for LIBs in comparison to an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiment...

Pd (0) nanoparticles (NPs) distributed on lanthanum (III) oxide were ex situ generated from the reduction of Pd2+ ions using NaBH4 as reducing agent. The Pd/La2 O3 displayed good catalytic activity in H2 (g) releasing from the hydrazine-borane (HB) methanolysis reaction and it was identified by advanced techniques. Pd/La2 O3 was found to be an active catalyst procuring three equiv. H2 (g) per mole of HB. The results from TEM images represent the formation of Pd (0) NPs with an average particle size of 1.94 ± 0...

This study addresses the pressing issues of energy production and consumption, in line with global sustainable development goals. Focusing on the potential of alcohols as "green" alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, especially in biofuel applications, we investigate the thermochemical properties of three alcohols (n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol) blended with sunflower oil. The calorimetric analysis allows for the experimental determination of excess enthalpies in pseudo-binary mixtures at 303.15 K, revealing similarities in the trends of the curves (dependence on concentrations) but with different values for the excess enthalpies for each mixture...

The naked mole-rat Heterocephalus glaber is a eusocial mammal exhibiting extreme longevity (37-year lifespan), extraordinary resistance to hypoxia and absence of cardiovascular disease. To identify the mechanisms behind these exceptional traits, metabolomics and RNAseq of cardiac tissue from naked mole-rats was compared to other African mole-rat genera (Cape, Cape dune, Common, Natal, Mahali, Highveld and Damaraland mole-rats) and evolutionarily divergent mammals (Hottentot golden mole and C57/BL6 mouse). We identify metabolic and genetic adaptations unique to naked mole-rats including elevated glycogen, thus enabling glycolytic ATP generation during cardiac ischemia...

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and urea are metabolites that are used by some marine animals to maintain their cell volume in a saline environment. Urea is a well-known denaturant, and TMAO is a protective osmolyte that counteracts urea-induced protein denaturation. TMAO also has a general protein-protective effect, for example, it counters pressure-induced protein denaturation in deep-sea fish. These opposing effects on protein stability have been linked to the spatial relationship of TMAO, urea, and protein molecules...