Carotid imaging

Salvage treatment of postclipping recurrent aneurysms remains challenging.1,2 The salvage microsurgical clipping is a possible intervention but sometimes difficult because of tissue adhesions around the aneurysm and previously installed clips; therefore, salvage coil embolization may have certain advantages.1-5 However, when coil embolization is not applicable,6 microsurgical clipping is a stand-alone curative treatment, requiring proficient and reliable microsurgical techniques. This article describes a unique case of a 70-year-old female patient complaining of a severe headache with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a recurrent ruptured left internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm after microsurgical clipping 23 years ago...

Background: MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is a key receptor for efferocytosis, a process for the clearance of apoptotic cells. MerTK is mainly expressed in macrophages and immature dendritic cells. There are very limited reports focused on MerTK biology in aortic endothelial cells (ECs). It remains unclear for the role of blood flow patterns in regulating MerTK-mediated efferocytosis in aortic ECs. This study was designed to investigate whether endothelial MerTK and EC efferocytosis respond to blood flow patterns during atherosclerosis...

Stroke is often viewed as a diagnosis found In the elderly with or without comorbidities, but it is vital to not rule it out in a pediatric patient presenting with signs and symptoms of stroke. Here, we present a case of an 18-month-old boy who arrived at the emergency department with left arm weakness and left-sided seizures a few minutes after a right-sided trivial neck bite that was initially overlooked by the parents until symptoms occurred. Urgent imaging further with a computed tomography scan of the brain revealed a hypodense lesion in the area covering the lateral part of the frontal lobe, insula, and parietal cortex of the right hemisphere...

Patients with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery frequently have a poorly developed vertebrobasilar arterial system. However, they are not at higher risk of stroke and most are asymptomatic. Left cerebral watershed infarction was identified in a 75-year-old man who presented with aphasia and disorientation on magnetic resonance image (MRI). Additional imaging studies also demonstrated a right persistent primitive trigeminal artery, aplastic basilar artery, and 47% left internal carotid artery stenosis...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Radiomic models based on normal-resolution (NR) computed tomography angiography (CTA) images can fail to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a deep learning-based three-dimensional super-resolution (SR) CTA radiomic model for improved identification of symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 193 patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were retrospectively enrolled and allocated into either a symptomatic (n = 123) or an asymptomatic (n = 70) groups...

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional cohort-comparison observational study investigated the value of high-frame-rate vector flow (V Flow) imaging for evaluating differences in carotid plaque shape and biomechanical parameters in patients with mild stenosis according to a recent history of ipsilateral ischemic stroke. METHODS: The present study included 352 patients from February 2023 to October 2023, who were categorized as symptomatic or asymptomatic based on a history of recent ischemic stroke and ipsilateral ischemic lesions detected on head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging...

BACKGROUND: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly detrimental occurrence associated with severe neurological disorders, lacking effective treatment currently. Proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) may provide new therapeutic avenues for treatment of podophyllotoxin derivatives-resistant SCLC with LM, warranting further exploration. METHODS: The SCLC cell line H128 expressing luciferase were mutated by MNNG to generate H128-Mut cell line...

UNLABELLED: Dynamic PET allows quantification of physiological parameters through tracer kinetic modeling. For dynamic imaging of brain or head and neck cancer on conventional PET scanners with a short axial field of view (FOV), the image-derived input function (ID-IF) from intracranial blood vessels such as the carotid artery (CA) suffers from severe partial volume effects. Alternatively, optimization-derived input function (OD-IF) by the simultaneous estimation (SIME) method does not rely on an ID-IF but derives the input function directly from the data...

INTRODUCTION: The awareness of nonocclusive thrombus has increased with the increasing frequency of imaging methods used for acute ischemic stroke; however, the best treatment for nonocclusive thrombi is still unknown. In this study, we examined how anticoagulants affect supra-aortic artery nonocclusive thrombus and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 52 patients with transient ischemic attack or stroke who were diagnosed with nonocclusive thrombi on computed tomography angiography at admission...

AIM: We aimed to describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of intracranial extra-axial chondroma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the imaging findings of CT and MR examinations of six patients (three men and three women, aged 21-66 years) with histopathological diagnoses of intracranial extra-axial chondroma. RESULTS: Four tumors were located in the frontal region and two in the cavernous sinus...

BACKGROUND: Silent new cerebral ischemic lesions (sNCIL) are a common complication of carotid artery stenting (CAS) that can lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the impact of hematological parameters on sNCIL in patients undergoing CAS. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 103 patients who underwent CAS, with a mean age of 70.5 ± 6.7 years, and 31 (20.1 %) of whom were female. Stents were placed for internal carotid artery revascularization...

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be a cause of cervical internal carotid artery stenosis (ICS). In this study, we investigated the natural history of asymptomatic ICS in DM patients without surgical intervention. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 148 DM patients with asymptomatic ICS treated medically at the Kansai Electric Power Hospital from April 2013 to March 2023, inclusive. We examined the incidence of ischemic stroke with ICS and evaluated the patients' clinical characteristics and imaging findings...

Highly sensitive iron oxide nanoparticles with stable, safe and efficient surface functionalization, as potential substitutes for gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) with increasing biosafety concerns, exhibit great potential for high-performance magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Herein, we developed ultrasmall catechol-PEG-anchored ferrite nanoparticles (PEG-UMFNPs) for highly sensitive MRA. The obtained nanoprobe has a high T1 relaxivity value (7.2 mM-1 s-1 ) due to its ultrasmall size and Mn doping...

BACKGROUND: Carotid duplex ultrasonography (DUS) is the primary screening tool for carotid artery stenosis, but has low reliability. MHR, which is the ratio of monocytes to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), can be a marker for the degree and distribution of extracranial and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. OBJECTIVE: We determined the diagnostic value of DUS+MHR for internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. METHODS: We divided 273 hospitalized patients into non-stenosis (<50%) and ICA stenosis (≥50%) groups based on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The incidence of stroke is rising, and it is the second major cause of mortality and the third leading cause of disability around the globe. The goal of this study was to rapidly and accurately identify carotid plaques and automatically quantify plaque burden using our automated tracking and segmentation US-video system. METHODS: We collected 88 common carotid artery transection videos (11048 frames) with a history of atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis, which were randomly divided into training, test, and validation sets using a 6:3:1 ratio...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of point-of-care Doppler ultrasound measurements of carotid corrected flow time and its changes induced by volume expansion to predict fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing robot-assisted gynecological surgery. METHODS: In this prospective study, carotid corrected flow time was measured using Doppler images of the common carotid artery before and after volume expansion. The stroke volume index at each time point was recorded using noninvasive cardiac output monitoring with MostCare...

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare non-inflammatory cerebral vasculopathy characterized by progressive stenosis of the internal carotid arteries, often bilaterally, and the formation of abnormal collateral vascular structures at the cranial base. A patient who underwent elective cesarean section (C/S) twice under spinal anesthesia and was diagnosed with MMD as a result of recurrent intracranial hemorrhage in the postpartum periods is presented. A 41-year-old female patient without any systemic comorbidity, gravida 2, parity 2, had her second cesarean section (C/S) operation under spinal anesthesia and was discharged on the third postoperative day without any problems...

BACKGROUND: Our understanding of the specific aspects of vascular contributions to dementia remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aim to identify the correlates of incident dementia in a multi-ethnic cardiovascular cohort. METHODS: A total of 6806 participants with follow-up data for incident dementia were included. Probable dementia diagnoses were identified using hospitalization discharge diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases Codes (ICD)...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggests that the hypoxic ventilatory response is facilitated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), not at the carotid bodies, but within a subnucleus (Bregma -7.5 to -7.1 mm) of the nucleus tractus solitarius that exhibits right-sided bilateral asymmetry. Here, we map this subnucleus using cFos expression as a surrogate for neuronal activation and mice in which the genes encoding the AMPK-α1 (Prkaa1) and AMPK-α2 (Prkaa2) catalytic subunits were deleted in catecholaminergic cells by Cre expression via the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter...

PURPOSE: Recent observational studies have indicated the efficacy of stent retriever devices for the treatment of posthemorrhagic cerebral vasospasm (CVS), both by deployment and on-site withdrawal into the microcatheter (stent angioplasty, SA) and deployment followed by retraction through the target vessel similar to thrombectomy (Stent Retraction to reLieve Arterial Cerebral vaSospasm caused by SAH, Stent-ReLACSS). This article reports the findings with each application of pRESET and pRELAX in the treatment of CVS...