Pfoa

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a large group of synthetic compounds widely contaminated the environment and lead to health problems. However, the correlation between PFAS exposure, bone health parameters and osteoporosis remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature to evaluate the effects of PFAS on human bone health. All observational studies were collected up to 2 December 2023. A total of 2096 articles were retrieved. Of these, 21 articles investigated the association between PFAS exposure and human bone health...

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) demonstrate remarkable potential for adsorbing per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Nevertheless, the challenge of recycling powdered COFs hampers their practical application in water treatment. In this research, a quaternary amine COF with inherent positive surface charge was synthesised to adsorb perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) via electrostatic interactions. The COF was then combined with chitosan (CS) through a simple dissolution-evaporation process, resulting in a composite gel material termed COF@CS...

The phytoremediation potential of floating aquatic plants to accumulate and remove two common PFAS from contaminated water was investigated. Free-floating hydrophytes Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes were grown in water spiked with 0.5, 1, or 2 ppm perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) for seven days. Both species were able to accumulate PFOA and PFOS in this time frame, with translocation factors (TF) ranging from 0.13 to 0.57 for P. stratiotes and 0.18 to 0...

Because of their innate chemical stability, the ubiquitous perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been dubbed "forever chemicals" and have attracted considerable attention. However, their stability under environmental conditions has not been widely verified. Herein, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widely used and detected PFAS, was found to be spontaneously degraded in aqueous microdroplets under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. This unexpected fast degradation occurred via a unique multicycle redox reaction of PFOA with interfacial reactive species on the droplet surface...

PFOA is one of the most representative compounds in the family of perfluorinated organic compounds. Due to its varying toxicity, alternatives to PFOA are beginning to emerge. HFPO-TA is an alternative for PFOA. It is currently unclear whether HFPO-TA affects glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, rats were used as an animal model to investigate the effects of HFPO-TA on liver glucose and lipid metabolism. We found that HFPO-TA can affect glucose tolerance. Through omics analysis and molecular detection, it was found that HFPO-TA mainly affects the PPAR signaling pathway in the liver of rats, inhibiting liver glycolysis while promoting glucose production...

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been recognized as secondary sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) released into the environment. In this study, PFAS concentrations were measured in effluent and biosolids samples collected from 75 WWTPs across Australia during the 2016 Census period, which covers more than half of the Australian population. Twelve PFAS compounds, including six C5-C10 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), four perfluoro sulfonic acids (PFSAs) such as perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfuorohexane sulfonic (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorodecane sulfonic acid (PFDS), and one fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS), were detected in the effluent, with concentrations up to 504 ng/L (PFHxS)...

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an artificial chemical of global concern due to its high environmental persistence and potential human health risk. Electrochemical methods are promising technologies for water treatment because they are efficient, cheap, and scalable. The electrochemical reduction of PFOA is one of the current methodologies. This process leads to defluorination of the carbon chain to hydrogenated products. Here, we describe a mechanistic study of the electrochemical reduction of PFOA in gold electrodes...

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent environmental contaminant that can accumulate in the human body due to its long half-life. This substance has been associated with liver, pancreatic, testicular and breast cancers, liver steatosis and endocrine disruption. PFOA is a member of a large group of substances also known as "forever chemicals" and the vast majority of substances of this group lack toxicological data that would enable their effective risk assessment in terms of human health hazards. This study aimed to derive a health-based guidance value for PFOA intake (ng/kg BW/day) from in vitro transcriptomics data...

Mangrove estuaries are an important land-sea transitional ecosystem that is currently under various pollution pressures, while there is a lack of research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the organisms of mangrove estuaries. In this study, we investigated the distribution and seasonal variation of PFAS in the tissues of organisms from a mangrove estuary. The PFAS concentrations in fish tissues varied from 0.45 ng/g ww to 17.67 ng/g ww and followed the order of viscera > head > carcass > muscle, with the highest tissue burden found in the fish carcass (39...

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is potentially toxic and exceptionally stable attributed to its robust CF bond, which is hard to be removed by UV/TiO2 systems. In this research, bismuth nanoparticle (Bi NP) modified titanium oxides (Bi/TiO2 ) were synthesized by a simple photochemical deposition-calcination method and were applied as photocatalysts for the first time to degrade PFOA. The removal rate of 50 mg/L PFOA reached 99.3 % with 58.6 % defluorination rate after 30 min of irradiation via a mercury lamp...

This study focused on three of the most studied PFAS molecules, namely perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). They were compared in terms of their adsorption capacity onto graphite intercalated compound (GIC), a low surface area, highly conductive and cheap adsorbent. The adsorption on GIC followed a pseudo second order kinetics and the maximum adsorption capacity using Langmuir was 53.9 μg/g for PFOS, 22.3 μg/g for PFOA and 0...

This study has followed a birth cohort for over 20 years to find factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) diagnosis. Detailed, early-life longitudinal questionnaires captured infection and antibiotic events, stress, prenatal factors, family history, and more. Biomarkers including cord serum metabolome and lipidome, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, infant microbiota, and stool metabolome were assessed. Among the 16,440 Swedish children followed across time, 1,197 developed an ND. Significant associations emerged for future ND diagnosis in general and for specific ND subtypes, spanning intellectual disability, speech disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism...

The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing. Oral toxin adsorbents may provide some value. Several uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresol (PCS), acrolein, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and inflammation markers (interleukin 6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) have been shown to be related to CKD progression. A total of 81 patients taking oral activated charcoal toxin adsorbents (AC-134), which were embedded in capsules that dissolved in the terminal ileum, three times a day for 1 month, were recruited...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic chemicals known for their widespread use and persistence in the environment. Laboratory and epidemiological studies investigating these compounds have signaled their neurotoxic and endocrine-disrupting propensities, prompting further research into their effects on behavioral stress responses and their potential role as risk factors for stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression. This study elucidates the ramifications of early developmental exposures to individual and combined PFAS on the development and behavioral stress responses of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), an established model in toxicological research...

This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in house dust samples from six regions across four continents. PFASs were detected in all indoor dust samples, with total median concentrations ranging from 17.3 to 197 ng/g. Among the thirty-one PFAS analytes, eight compounds, including emerging PFASs, exhibited high detection frequencies in house dust from all six locations. The levels of PFASs varied by region, with higher concentrations found in Adelaide (Australia), Tianjin (China), and Carbondale (United States, U...

Glutaraldehyde (GTH) cross-linked chitosan (CTN) biopolymer-based and polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized (GTHCTNPEI) aerogels were proven promising for removing mixtures of long- and short chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water. In this study, to further improve the performance of the aerogel for short-chain PFAS and undecafluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (GenX) removal, GTHCTNPEI aerogel chunks with an average size of 13.4 mm were turned into flakes with an average size of 9...

Drinking water constituents were compared using more than six million measurements (USEPA data) to prioritize and risk-rank regulated and unregulated chemicals and classes of chemicals. Hazard indexes were utilized for hazard- and risk-based chemicals, along with observed (nondetects = 0) and censored (nondetects = method detection limit/2) data methods. Chemicals ( n = 139) were risk-ranked based on population exposed, resulting in the highest rankings for inorganic compounds (IOCs) and disinfection byproducts (DBPs), followed by semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs), nonvolatile organic compounds (NVOCs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for observed data...

BACKGROUND: The impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on constipation, as mediated through gastrointestinal absorption and perturbations to the intestinal microecology, remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to explain the relationship between PFAS and constipation. METHODS: A total of 2945 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 were included in this study. Constipation was defined using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) based on stool consistency...

This study proposes an integrated approach that combines ion-exchange (IX) and electrochemical technologies to tackle problems associated with PFAS contamination. Our investigation centers on evaluating the recovery and efficiency of IX/electrochemical systems in the presence of five different salts, spanning dosages from 0.1 % to 8 %. The outcomes reveal a slight superiority for NaCl within the regeneration system, with sulfate and bicarbonate also showing comparable efficacy. Notably, the introduction of chloride ion (Cl- ) into the electrochemical system results in substantial generation of undesirable chlorate (ClO3 - ) and perchlorate (ClO4 - ) by-products, accounting for ∼18 % and ∼81 % of the consumed Cl- , respectively...

To address time-consuming and efficiency-limited challenges in conventional zero-valent iron (ZVI, Fe0 ) reduction or biotransformation for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) treatment, two calcium alginate-embedded amendments (biochar-immobilized PFOA-degrading bacteria (CB) and ZVI (CZ)) were developed to construct microbe-Fe0 high-rate interaction systems. Interaction mechanisms and key metabolic pathways were systematically explored using metagenomics and a multi-process coupling model for PFOA under microbe-Fe0 interaction...