Peptic ulcer disease

Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection is a prominent entity within human infectious diseases which cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric malignancies, and extragastric disorders. Its persistent colonization can lead to a systemic inflammatory cascade, potentially instigating autoimmune responses and contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. While the specific etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unknown, it is widely recognized that immunological, genetic, and environmental factors are implicated...

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BACKGROUND: Open-access oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OAO) is defined as the performance of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) requested by referring physicians without a prior specialist consultation. With the increasing demand for specialist appointments, the use of OAO has helped to reduce healthcare utilization by decreasing prior clinic visits. This also allows endoscopies to be scheduled and performed earlier. This study aims to evaluate our experience in providing OAO services to patients with non-alarming dyspepsia symptoms under the age of 60...

This case report describes the clinical course of a 51-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of anemia who presented to the emergency department with worsening diffuse abdominal pain and weakness two days after dental surgery. The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, manifesting as tachycardia, diaphoresis, and a peritonitic abdomen. A CT scan revealed a perforated gastric ulcer, prompting emergent laparoscopy, Graham patch repair, and abdominal washout. Postoperatively, the patient developed leukocytosis, and imaging indicated the formation of an abscess...

Altered mental status (AMS) is a common condition encountered in daily practice. Finding the cause is essential for treatment, but sometimes this may be challenging. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is frequently underdiagnosed and is a potentially fatal cause of acute coronary syndrome. Clinical presentation depends on the extent of SCAD, ranging from unstable angina to sudden death. AMS has not been reported with this condition, but it may be possible in hypoperfusion states. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is part of the microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) spectrum, presenting with AMS as the cardinal symptom...

BACKGROUND: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common emergency requiring hospital-based care. Advances in care across pre-endoscopic, endoscopic and post-endoscopic phases have led to improvements in clinical outcomes. AIMS: To provide a detailed, evidence-based update on major aspects of care across pre-endoscopic, endoscopic and post-endoscopic phases. METHODS: We performed a structured bibliographic database search for each topic...

BACKGROUND: The detection rate of peptic ulcer in children is improving, with development of diagnostic procedures. Gastroscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of peptic ulcer, but it is an invasive procedure. Gastrointestinal contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has the advantages of being painless, noninvasive, nonradioactive, easy to use, and safe. AIM: To investigate the clinical value of CEUS for diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer in children...

Glass Box Machine Learning is, in this study, a type of partially supervised data mining and prediction technique, like a neural network in which each weight or pattern of mutually relevant weights is now replaced by a meaningful "probabilistic knowledge element." We apply it to retrospective cohort studies using large numbers of structured medical records to help select candidate patients for future cohort studies and similar clinical trials. Here it is applied to aid analysis of approaches to aid Deep Learning, but the method lends itself well to direct computation of odds with "explainability" in study design that can complement "Black Box" Deep Learning...

INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori is a significant contributor to conditions such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and colorectal cancer. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between H. pylori and cirrhosis. However, the impact of H. pylori on cirrhosis-related mortality, inpatient outcomes, and decompensating events remains unclear. Considering the widespread availability of H. pylori testing and effective treatment options, there is a potential rationale for eradicating H...

Turmeric has been gaining popularity as a treatment option for digestive disorders, although a rigorous synthesis of efficacy has not been conducted. This study aimed to summarize the evidence for the efficacy and safety of turmeric in the treatment of digestive disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and peptic ulcers. Literature searches were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, AMED, the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, and Dissertation Abstracts from inception to November 15, 2021...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background Helicobacter pylori infection has been identified to cause constantly recurring inflammation, leading to gastrointestinal tract disorders, including carcinoma. The standard triple therapy (STT), used to eradicate H. pylori, includes two antimicrobials and a proton pump inhibitor for two weeks. Other drug regimens have also been developed since H. pylori exhibits antimicrobial resistance. These regimens, including probiotics, have been shown to lower adverse drug reactions (ADR), improve drug adherence, exert bacteriostatic effect, and reduce inflammation...

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) represent a new class of compounds for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Recent FDA approval of the PCAB vonoprazan for erosive esophagitis has started an important new approach to acid-related disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: Compared to conventional proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), PCABs provide more rapid, potent, and sustained suppression of gastric acid with faster and more durable symptom relief...

OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy is crucial for preventing the development of gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. An increase in resistance against antibiotics used in the eradication of Hp is remarkable. This meta-analysis aims to examine the resistance rates of Hp strains isolated in Turkey over the last 20 years against clarithromycin (CLR), metronidazole (MTZ), levofloxacin (LVX), tetracycline (TET), and amoxicillin (AMX) antibiotics. BASIC METHODS: Literature search was carried out in electronic databases, by searching articles published in Turkish and English with the keywords 'helicobacter pylori' or 'Hp' and 'antibiotic resistance' and 'Turkey'...

OBJECTIVE: There is sufficient evidence on the feasibility of a vaccine to prevent Helicobacter pylori infection. Modeling studies in low prevalence environments report a very probable long-term cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study was to quantify its efficiency in a local context. METHODS: The evolution of a cohort of newborns was simulated through a compartmental model representing a series of clinical situations regarding H. pylori infection and related diseases...

Peptic ulcers, recognized for their erosive impact on the gastrointestinal mucosa, present a considerable challenge in gastroenterology. Epidemiological insights underscore the global prevalence of peptic ulcers, affecting 5-10+% of individuals, with a yearly incidence of 0.3 to 1.9 cases per thousand. Recent decades have witnessed a decline in complications, attributed to improved diagnostics and therapeutic advancements. The review deepens into H. pylori -associated and NSAID-induced ulcers, emphasizing their distinct prevalence in developing and industrialized nations, respectively...

Retrotransposons are viral-like DNA sequences that constitute approximately 41% of the human genome. Studies in Drosophila, mice, cultured cells, and human brain indicate that retrotransposons are activated in settings of tauopathy, including Alzheimer's disease, and causally drive neurodegeneration. The anti-retroviral medication 3TC (lamivudine), a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, limits retrotransposon activation and suppresses neurodegeneration in tau transgenic Drosophila, two mouse models of tauopathy, and in brain assembloids derived from patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease...

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is common in left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) patients, but the optimal screening approach before LVAD implantation is still unclear. The aim of the study was to describe our experience with pre- and post-LVAD implantation endoscopic screening and subsequent GI bleeding in this cohort. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted among all patients who underwent LVAD implantation at Saint Luke's Hospital, between 2010 and 2020...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the 16th leading cause of mortality worldwide. Clinical studies have raised that long-term use of omeprazole (OME) is associated with the morbidity of CKD. OME is commonly used in clinical practice to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, the mechanism underlying renal failure following OME treatment remains mostly unknown and the rodent model of OME-induced CKD is yet to be established. We described the process of renal injury after exposure to OME in mice; the early renal injury markers were increased in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs)...

Vonoprazan and amoxicillin are pharmacological combinations that demonstrate synergistic effects in treating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a global public health concern associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Four spectrophotometric methods were developed, including two univariate techniques (Fourier self-deconvolution and ratio difference) and two multivariate chemometric approaches (partial least squares and principal component regression). These methods provide innovative solutions for effectively resolving and accurately quantifying the overlapping spectra of Vonoprazan and amoxicillin...