Anls

OBJECTIVE: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a relatively rare genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 20,000 people. Approximately 50 genes are currently known to cause PCD. In light of differences in causative genes and the medical system in Japan compared with other countries, a practical guide was needed for the diagnosis and management of Japanese PCD patients. METHODS: An ad hoc academic committee was organized under the Japanese Rhinologic Society to produce a practical guide, with participation by committee members from several academic societies in Japan...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with contact granuloma (CG) and to investigate the parameters of 24 h combined dual channel pH/impedance (24 h pH/MII) monitoring, which are reliable for predicting the response to PPI of CG patients. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with CG who had been treated with PPIs and had completed more than 6 months of follow-up. We classified the patients into two groups (cured vs...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pre- and post-operative semicircular canal function in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) by the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT). METHODS: Nineteen patients with VS who underwent surgery were enrolled in this study. The gain in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the degree of scatter in catch-up saccades were examined pre- and post-operatively for the semicircular canals in VS patients. RESULTS: Ten of 19 cases (52...

OBJECTIVE: To reveal differences in error pattern of phonemes and articulation between children using cochlear implants (CIs) and those using hearing aids (HAs) due to prelingual hearing disorder and help the education of children with prelingual hearing loss. METHOD: Children with prelingual hearing loss who were receiving auditory-verbal preschool education at an auditory center for hearing-impaired children (Fujimidai Auditory Center, Tokyo, Japan) from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the February 6, 2023, earthquakes in Turkey and recurrent aftershocks on balance and post-traumatic stress in surviving victims. METHODS: Our study included 1004 participants aged 18-65 years who were exposed to the February 6 earthquakes and aftershocks in Turkey. After obtaining online consent from all participants, the Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS), the Dizziness Handicap Index (DHI), and the Posttraumatic Post-Traumatic Disorder Checklist Scale (PCL-5) were administered online, and the interactions between the variable sets were examined using a correlational screening model...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vaccinations on otologic diseases, including facial nerve paralysis (including Ramsay Hunt syndrome), vestibular neuritis, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and Meniere's disease. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we conducted a time-series analysis employing a causal impact algorithm on a large-scale inpatient database in Japan. We compared the actual number of hospitalized patients with otologic diseases to two predictions: one without any covariates and another with a covariate accounting for the reduction in the number of hospitalized patients due to lockdown measures...

OBJECTIVE: Periglomerular and granule cells in the adult mammalian olfactory bulb modulate olfactory signal transmission. These cells originate from the subventricular zone, migrate to the olfactory bulb via the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS), and differentiate into mature cells within the olfactory bulb throughout postnatal life. While the regulation of neuroblast development is known to be affected by external stimuli, there is a lack of information concerning changes that occur during the recovery process after injury caused by external stimuli...

Hemostatic procedures for controlling nasal bleeding in refractory diseases such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) can be challenging. In this report, we present a novel technique for underwater endoscopic endonasal hemostatic surgery, which was performed on a 69-year-old man with HHT. The patient had been experiencing frequent episodes of nasal bleeding and had many telangiectasias in the nasal cavity, which were the cause of the bleeding. These telangiectasias were effectively treated using a coblation device in combination with an endoscope lens-cleaning system that supplied saline to create stable underwater conditions...

OBJECTIVE: Different olfactory tests have been performed by otorhinolaryngologists in different parts of the world. For example, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) has been used in the U.S., whereas the Sniffin' Sticks Test has been used in Europe, and similarly, T&T olfactometry is used in Japan. Although audiometers with electronic oscillators have long been used in hearing tests, electronic odor generators are not typically used in olfaction tests...

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are neoplasms that occur at the bifurcation of the carotid artery and are pathologically classified as paragangliomas. In the 4th edition of the WHO classification, paragangliomas are categorized as neoplasms with malignant potential. Clinically, about 5% of CBTs present with malignant features such as metastasis. Currently, it is challenging to distinguish between tumors with benign courses and those that present malignantly. Recent advances in genetic testing have elucidated the genetic characteristics of paragangliomas, including carotid body tumors...

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of listening effort (LE) on balance in patients with compensated vestibular deficits compared to healthy peers. METHODS: The subjects included two main groups: a control group of 15 healthy subjects and a study group of 19 patients with compensated vestibular pathology. The computerized dynamic posturography test (CDP) was conducted without the speech-in-noise task as a baseline, then the participant was subjected to a dual task in which the auditory task (speech-in-noise sentences) was given as the primary task, and the balance function test was the secondary task...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the efficacy and safety of antivirals in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Ichushi-Web, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Published randomized controlled trials and observational studies, which compared antivirals versus placebo/no treatment for Ramsay Hunt syndrome, were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome was non-recovery at the end of the study follow-up...

OBJECTIVE: Prior studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of upper respiratory infections on the pediatric population, such as increased risk for acute otitis media (AOM). Other studies have noted decreased otitis media complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic. This project aims to identify whether individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 at the Emergency Department (ED) visit had an increased risk of developing severe complications. Additionally, we will study whether vaccination helped decrease following COVID-19 complications...

OBJECTIVE: Although there have been brilliant advancements in the practical application of therapies targeting immune checkpoints, achieving success in targeting the microenvironment remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by focusing on Na+ / H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) and Lysyl Oxidase Like 2 (LOXL2), which are upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. METHODS: The malignancy of a metastatic human HNSCC cell line was assessed in a mouse tongue cancer xenograft model by knocking down (KD) NHE1, responsible for regulating intracellular pH, and LOXL2, responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization via cross-linking of ECM proteins...

OBJECTIVE: Cholesteatoma secondary to tympanic perforation, known as "secondary acquired cholesteatoma" may progress slower than a retraction pocket cholesteatoma, with less bone destruction and fewer intracranial complications. However, complete surgical removal remains difficult because the pathological epithelium on the marginal side of the extension is not covered by the subepithelial layer of the cholesteatoma matrix, making the boundary with the middle ear mucosa difficult to identify...

OBJECTIVE: While subjective methods like the Yanagihara system and the House-Brackmann system are standard in evaluating facial paralysis, they are limited by intra- and inter-observer variability. Meanwhile, quantitative objective methods such as electroneurography and electromyography are time-consuming. Our aim was to introduce a swift, objective, and quantitative method for evaluating facial movements. METHODS: We developed an application software (app) that utilizes the facial recognition functionality of the iPhone (Apple Inc...

OBJECTIVES: The quality of life (QOL) for patients with resolved facial nerve palsy has not been evaluated adequately. The objective of this study is to investigate QOL for patients with resolved facial nerve palsy. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with resolved facial nerve palsy were included and the patients' QOL was evaluated using the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale (FaCE Scale). RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 47 patients (46.8%) with resolved facial nerve palsy showed impaired QOL, especially in terms of facial comfort and eye comfort...

OBJECTIVE: Short-term recurrence is common in patients with peritonsillar cellulitis and abscesses, leading to socioeconomic problems. Early switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics is feasible for treating certain diseases. However, reports on early switching and total antibiotic administration duration in peritonsillar cellulitis and abscesses are limited. This study aimed to determine the appropriate antibiotic therapy duration and examine the impact of early oral switch therapy on peritonsillar cellulitis and abscesses...

OBJECTIVE: Olfactory and gustatory functions are important sensory aspects in humans. Although they are believed to influence each other, their interrelationship is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the olfactory and gustatory functions based on the results of a large-scale epidemiological study (Iwaki Health Promotion Project) of the general local population. METHODS: We analyzed 565 participants who underwent taste and olfactory tests in the 2019 Iwaki Project...

OBJECTIVE(S): Our aim is to investigate the effects of the submucoperichondrial application of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) on nasal mucosal healing after septoplasty surgery. METHOD(S): This prospective randomized observational study was conducted between July 2019 and February 2021, with 40 patients aged 18-60 years who underwent closed the only septoplasty operation for similar septal deviations. Patient divided into two group; 21 patients were placed in PRP group to which PRP was applied on all mucosal surface and submucoperichondrial area of septum and 19 patients were placed in control group to which saline solution was applied on same regions...