keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522324/cost-effective-3d-documentation-device-in-forensic-medicine
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Till Sieberth, Michael Meindl, Bernhard Sagmeister, Sabine Franckenberg, Wolfgang Ptacek
3D documentation in forensics and forensic medicine is being introduced more frequently in various institutes around the world. However, several institutes lack capacity in finances as well as staff to perform 3D documentations regularly. This technical paper aims to present a 3D documentation device that is low cost and easy to use and is a viable entry level solution for forensic medical departments. For this the small single-board computer Raspberry Pi 4 was used in conjunction with its high quality (HQ) camera module to create the 3DLamp - a flexible, low cost and easy to use documentation device...
March 21, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522323/ground-penetrating-radar-and-electrical-resistivity-tomography-surveys-with-a-subsequent-intrusive-investigation-in-search-for-the-missing-beaumont-children-in-adelaide-south-australia
#22
Victoria Berezowski, Xanthé Mallett, Kleanthis Simyrdanis, Jarrad Kowlessar, Marian Bailey, Ian Moffat
Jane, Arnna, and Grant Beaumont went missing from Glenelg Beach in Adelaide, South Australia on 26 January (Australia Day) 1966. Despite multiple land and sea searches over nearly 60 years, the children have not been found. New credible eyewitness testimony led to a site of interest at the now disused New Castalloy factory in North Plympton, Adelaide. This site has a complex stratigraphy of anthropogenic fill, which made ground penetrating radar (GPR) investigations unpromising. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), while not commonly used in a forensic capacity, provided an alternative approach that allowed suitable depth penetration to resolve a feature of interest, which was subsequently excavated by the South Australia Police...
March 20, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522322/a-controlled-method-for-the-identification-of-forensic-traces-from-clandestine-grave-fill
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brendan Chapman, Courtney Cameron, David Keatley, John Coumbaros, Garth Maker
Deceased human remains are often buried as a forensic countermeasure or method of disposal by homicide perpetrators. Owing to this, the excavation of clandestine grave sites is a task that forensic crime scene teams may only encounter a few times a year. Not all crime scene units have specialised teams for this task, and even those that do, may not have specific protocols for the optimal recovery of forensic traces retained within grave fill as procedures such as sieving require optimisation for the specific soil conditions of the jurisdiction...
March 19, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522320/mass-spectrometry-based-proteomic-analysis-of-biological-stains-identifies-body-fluids-specific-markers
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jian Zhang, Meng Yan, Anquan Ji, Qifan Sun, Wantao Ying
The identification of biological stains and their tissue resource is an important part of forensic research. Current methods suffer from several limitations including poor sensitivity and specificity, trace samples, and sample destruction. In this study, we profiled the proteomes of menstrual blood, peripheral blood, saliva, semen, and vaginal fluid with mass spectrometry technology. Tissue-enhanced and tissue-specific proteins of each group have been proposed as potential biomarkers. These candidate proteins were further annotated and screened through the combination with the Human Protein Atlas database...
March 21, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522117/emerging-global-trends-and-development-in-forensic-toxicology-a-review
#25
REVIEW
Saurabh Shukla, Sakshum Khanna, Tahir Ul Gani Mir, Jyoti Dalal, Deeksha Sankhyan, Kushagra Khanna
This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of forensic toxicology research trends, publication patterns, author's contributions, and collaboration. Utilizing the Scopus database, we scrutinized 3259 articles across 348 journals spanning from 1975 to 2023. Analysis employed diverse software tools such as VOSviewer, RStudio, MS Excel, and MS Access to dissect various publication aspects. We observed a notable surge in publications post-2007, indicating heightened research interest. Leading contributors included the United States, Germany, and Italy, with Logan B...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520829/forensic-aspects-of-condom-evidence-analysis-interpretation-and-recent-trends
#26
REVIEW
Chongtham Nimi, Nisha Rani, Rajinder Singh
In recent years, collection and analysis of condom evidence in sexual assault investigations are becoming more common in forensic caseworks. Condom analysis can provide investigative leads or establish potential contact between the suspect and victim in the absence of DNA evidence or supplement biological evidence. Recent forensic literature shows significant advancements in the analysis of condom lubricants, including casework samples. There is an increasing trend in the use of chemometric tools for the comparison and interpretation of the results...
March 19, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520078/isolation-and-characterization-of-reference-standard-candidates-for-cocaine-and-benzoylecgonine-obtained-from-illicit-substances-seized
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clebson de Jesus Macrino, Nayara A Dos Santos, Nathália Dos S Conceição, Clara S D Baptista, Alvaro Cunha Neto, Wanderson Romão
The area of forensic chemistry has been growing and developing as a line of research due to the high demands of public safety that require increasingly reliable results due to their importance in criminalistics. In this way, the development of new technologies that help this area, whether in the identification and quantification of drugs or the fight against fraud, becomes promising. In this context, the present work explored the production of reference standards from the purification of cocaine/crack samples seized by the Civil Police of the State of Espírito Santo...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520069/concentration-units-used-to-report-blood-and-breath-alcohol-concentration-for-legal-purposes-differ-between-countries-which-is-important-to-consider-when-blood-breath-ratios-of-alcohol-are-compared-and-contrasted
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alan Wayne Jones
This technical note reviews the plethora of concentration units used to report blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) and breath-alcohol concentrations (BrAC) for legal purposes in different countries. The choice of units sometimes causes confusion when scientific papers originating from a certain country might be introduced into evidence via expert testimony, such as when alcohol-related crimes are prosecuted. The concentration units are also important to consider when blood/breath ratios (BBRs) of alcohol are calculated and compared between countries...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519874/nurses-experiences-of-racism-in-mental-health-settings-through-patient-and-family-interactions-a-systematic-review
#29
REVIEW
Anuson Wijayaratnam, Olga Kozlowska, Amani Krayem, Satinder Kaur, Helen Ayres, Rebecca Smith, Jane Paterson, Rola Moghabghab, Cathy Henshall
Nursing staff engage readily with patients and associates in mental health/forensic inpatient settings. These settings are known to have instances of workplace violence directed towards staff and such violence includes racism. Racism is a form of workplace violence that must be better understood and supported within this complex setting. Completing a systematic review to coalesce preexisting research and suggested interventions can be beneficial to supporting nurses. Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines...
March 22, 2024: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519866/preliminary-study-on-cranial-measurements-and-sexual-dimorphism-in-skull-bones-of-gaur-bos-gaurus-gaurus-smith-1827
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ritesh Vishwakarma, Chandra Prakash Sharma, Samrat Mondol, Bilal Habib, Bhaskar Bhandari, Rajiv Mishra, Nitin Gupta, Jasbir Singh Chauhan, Parag Nigam
Cranial measurements have been widely used in various studies in wildlife sciences, ranging from understanding predator ecology to wildlife forensics. However, detailed description of morphometry and sexual dimorphism of the skull of gaur Bos gaurus gaurus is lacking. The present study was undertaken to determine the sexual dimorphism based on the cranial measurements of gaur. A total of 12 individual gaur skulls of male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) were studied in the field from the naturally deceased animals between January 2018 and December 2021 in different ranges of Bandhavgarh tiger reserve (BTR), Madhya Pradesh, India...
May 2024: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519639/new-alginate-gelatine-method-for-casting-of-staining-inside-firearm-barrels
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Schyma, Matthias Berthold
Contact shots to the head often leave behind biological traces inside firearm barrels, a phenomenon of great forensic interest. Until now, the visualization and preservation of these traces presented a significant challenge, lacking a reliable method. This study addresses this gap by searching for a suitable method to extract the traces within a casting. Using alginate or gelatine as suitable materials, the results were hampered by serious adhesion issues and their extraction out of the firearm barrel was impeded...
March 23, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518712/development-and-validation-of-yarn-a-novel-se-400-mps-kit-for-east-asian-paternal-lineage-analysis
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haoliang Fan, Yiran Xu, Yutao Zhao, Kai Feng, Liuxi Hong, Qiancheng Zhao, Xiaoyu Lu, Meisen Shi, Haiyan Li, Lingxiang Wang, Shaoqing Wen
Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms (Y-STRs) and Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are valuable genetic markers used in paternal lineage identification and population genetics. Currently, there is a lack of an effective panel that integrates Y-STRs and Y-SNPs for studying paternal lineages, particularly in East Asian populations. Hence, we developed a novel Y-chromosomal targeted panel called YARN (Y-chromosome Ancestry and Region Network) based on multiplex PCR and a single-end 400 massive parallel sequencing (MPS) strategy, consisting of 44 patrilineage Y-STRs and 260 evolutionary Y-SNPs...
March 5, 2024: Forensic Science International. Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518711/recurrent-familial-case-of-early-childhood-sudden-death-complex-post-mortem-genetic-investigations
#33
Lila Krebs-Drouot, Audrey Schalk, Elise Schaefer, Christine Keyser, Angela Gonzalez, Nadège Calmels, Marie-Thérèse Abi Wardé, Laetitia Oertel, C Écile Acquaviva, Jean-Louis Mandel, Audrey Farrugia
INTRODUCTION: Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood (SUDC) needs to be fully assessed considering its impact on the family, parents and siblings. Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) such as Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD) should be taken into consideration when SUDC occurres. Our aim is to present a family with two successive SUDC and to discuss the post-mortem genetics investigations revealing an IEM implication. CASES REPORT: A complete autopsy with genetic testing was performed when the proband, a 4-year-old girl, died...
March 2, 2024: Forensic Science International. Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518570/detection-of-contraband-drugs-in-forensic-correctional-mental-health-services-using-teknoscan-a-gas-chromatography-tool
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew T Olagunju, Aaron Wu, Jay Boudreau, Satyadev Nagari, John Mw Bradford, Gary A Chaimowitz
Substance misuse is a major problem among individuals involved in forensic-correctional mental health services. Urine drug screening detects substance use and deters the entry of contraband into forensic-correctional units, albeit with limitations. For example, a point-of-care urine sample may not be possible and patients can alter or substitute samples to avoid detection, highlighting the role of ancillary tools to detect contraband substances. This study describes the pattern and types of substances detected from environmental samples using a gas chromatographic analyzer (TeknoScan TSI3000) in forensic-correctional populations to model the benefits of similar tools in similar settings...
March 19, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518569/pulmonary-fat-embolism-in-non-survivors-after-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucia Ihnát Rudinská, Patricie Delongová, Jana Vaculová, Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone, Lubomír Tulinský, Peter Ihnát
BACKGROUND: Blunt trauma acting against the human body presents the fundamental cause of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) and fat embolism syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate PFE in non-survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic. Within a 4-year study period, all non-survivors after CPR because of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were assessed for the study eligibility...
March 18, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518568/chemical-analysis-of-polymers-used-for-3d-printing-of-firearms
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mylène S Falardeau, Caroline Mireault, Benoit Daoust, Cyril Muehlethaler
3D-printed firearms cause challenges in criminal investigations and forensic analysis because they are difficult to trace. Indeed, in addition to being "ghost guns", they may not produce all the conventional ballistic traces normally used for firearm identification. However, 3D-printed firearms produce other very specific traces, such as polymer traces which come from the polymers used to print the firearm. To date, only a few studies have focused on the analysis of polymer traces. This study therefore aims to characterize polymer traces from 3D-printed firearms, using non-destructive spectroscopic techniques readily available in most forensic laboratories (i...
March 18, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518567/striated-toolmarks-comparison-and-reporting-methods-review-and-perspectives
#37
REVIEW
Jean-Alexandre Patteet, Christophe Champod
Forensic toolmark examiners have been comparing features observed in toolmarks to help determine their source for over a century. However, in the past decade, the holistic process of comparing toolmarks and presenting findings in court have faced intense scrutiny. This paper provides a summary of the voiced criticisms, primarily concerning the scientific reliability and validity of the comparison methods employed by examiners and the conclusions they testify to. The focus of this review is specifically on the examination of striated toolmarks...
March 18, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518566/influences-of-hair-dyeing-on-the-distribution-shapes-of-zolpidem-and-methoxyphenamine-in-hair
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noriaki Shima, Atsushi Nitta, Keiko Sasaki, Munehiro Katagi, Takako Sato, Hiroshi Nishioka
In order to investigate the influences of hair dyeing on the distribution shapes of drugs in hair, different hair dyeing processes ("semi-permanent coloring without bleaching" and "permanent coloring with bleaching") were performed in vitro on black hair specimens collected from two subjects (Asians) who took a single dose of zolpidem (ZP, 10 mg of ZP tartrate) or methoxyphenamine (MOP, 50 mg of MOP hydrochloride). Under the following three different dyeing conditions, (1) semi-permanent coloring, (2) permanent coloring (once), (3) permanent coloring (twice), drug distributions in single hair specimens were investigated using a 2-mm segmental analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry...
March 19, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518565/fracture-variation-in-survivable-versus-fatal-blunt-force-trauma-associated-with-intimate-partner-violence
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole M Saenz, Sean D Tallman
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global human rights issue that affects approximately 25% of women and 10% of men and is the leading cause of homicides of women worldwide. Multiple interventional studies have been conducted to screen for IPV; however, fractures associated with intimate partner homicide (IPH) have not been studied from a forensic anthropological perspective. Therefore, this study uses computed tomography scans of IPH victims (n=33) obtained from the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator to 1) classify and quantify perimortem craniofacial blunt force fractures, and 2) compare the IPH-related fractures to those associated with non-lethal IPV using previously published studies...
March 18, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515709/anaphylactic-deaths-a-retrospective-study-of-forensic-autopsy-cases-from-2009-to-2019-in-shanghai-china
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wen-Xin Li, Cheng-Hui Sun, Zheng-Dong Li, Jun-Yi Lin, Yu Shao, Long Chen, Li-Liang Li, Xing Ye, Yi-Wen Shen
Anaphylaxis is a rare but well-known cause of sudden unexpected death, although data from forensic autopsies in anaphylactic deaths are limited. Herein, a retrospective study of a series of allergic deaths from 2009 through 2019 in Shanghai, China, was conducted to investigate the demographic, medical, and forensic pathological characteristics of fatal anaphylaxis to improve medicolegal understanding on anaphylactic death. Sixty-two autopsy cases of anaphylactic death were registered in this study. Males dominated the cases (74...
March 30, 2024: Heliyon
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