Intestines

The current study investigated the structure and function of the olfactory system of the Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus, using histology and electrophysiology (electro-olfactogram [EOG]), respectively. The olfactory system consists of a digitated anterior peduncle, of unknown function, containing the inhalant nostril. This then leads to a U-shaped olfactory chamber with the olfactory epithelium-identified by Gαolf -immunoreactivity-on the ventral surface. A large lacrimal sac is connected to this tube and is likely involved in generating water movement through the olfactory chamber (this species is largely sedentary)...

Iridoid glycosides extract, which is the main active extract of Ajuga decumbens Thunb, has been proved to have anti-breast cancer activity in previous studies. However, it is still unknown whether 8-O-acetylharpagide, a main active compound in the extract, has anti-breast cancer activity. In this study, 4 T1 breast cancer mice model was first successfully established. Then the anti-breast cancer effect of 8-O-acetylharpagide was systematically investigated. Feces were collected for metabolomics and 16S rRNA analysis to assess the potential mechanism...

Slow transit constipation (STC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults worldwide. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside compound extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora, has been found to alleviate STC, but the mechanisms of its effect remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PF on intestinal fluid metabolism and visceral sensitization in rats with compound diphenoxylate-induced STC. Based on the evaluation of the laxative effect, the abdominal withdrawal reflex test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the visceral sensitivity, fluid metabolism-related proteins, and acid-sensitive ion channel 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ASIC3/ERK) pathway-related molecules...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Duodenal GISTs are rare and challenging tumors. Acute life-threatening upper GI bleeding is a possible presentation of duodenal GISTs. Surgery is the standard treatment for localized duodenal GISTs. Imatinib is an effective adjuvant therapy for duodenal GISTs. ABSTRACT: GIST is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, accounting for 1%-2% of gastrointestinal tumors. They originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are rare in patients younger than 30 years...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Rare yet significant, this case sheds light on the uncommon presentation of Waldmann's disease in adults, showcasing the diagnostic challenges it poses. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiological evaluations, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of this complex disorder. ABSTRACT: Waldmann's disease, or primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, is a rare disorder characterized by protein-losing enteropathy due to dilation and leakage of intestinal lymphatic vessels...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research often relies on animal models to study the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of IBD. Among these models, rats and mice are frequently employed due to their practicality and genetic manipulability. However, for studies aiming to closely mimic human pathology, non-human primates such as monkeys and dogs offer valuable physiological parallels. Guinea pigs, while less commonly used, present unique advantages for investigating the intricate interplay between neurological and immunological factors in IBD...

Antimicrobial peptides could inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and promote the growth performance in weaned piglets. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with cecropin antimicrobial peptides (CAP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, intestinal health in nursery Hainan piglets. For this, 120 healthy nursery Hainan male piglets (13.29 ± 0.29 kg, 44 days old) were randomly divided into 5 groups-a control (CON) group (fed a basal diet), an antibiotic control (AC) group (fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg colistin sulfate); and 3 experimental groups (provided the basal diet supplemented with 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg CAP)...

OBJECTIVES: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder among cancer patients receiving various chemotherapeutic protocols. The present study aimed to explore the feasibility of ajwain ( Trachyspermum ammi [L.] Sprague) cream in treating peripheral neuropathy symptoms triggered by taxane chemotherapeutic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a pilot, double-blind, and randomised clinical trial on patients with peripheral neuropathy attributable to chemotherapy with taxane drugs during 2021-2022 in Tehran...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an important component of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which relays circadian information to neuronal populations, including GnRH neurons. Human and animal studies have shown an impact of disrupted daily rhythms (chronic shift work, temporal food restriction, clock gene disruption) on both male and female reproduction and fertility. To date, how VIP modulates GnRH neurons remains unknown. Calcium imaging and electrophysiology on primary GnRH neurons in explants and adult mouse brain slice, respectively, were used to address this question...

BACKGROUND: Clostridium perfringens (CP) is an emerging anaerobic pathogen that can aggravate severe fatal infections in different hosts and livestock. AIM: This paper was designed to monitor the antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera ( M. oleifera ) plant against different CP isolates of variant toxin genotypes comparing that with commercial antibiotics in the veterinary field. METHODS: A total of 200 examined fecal, intestinal, and liver samples from cattle, sheep, and goats were investigated bacteriologically and biochemically for CP ...

BACKGROUND: Coccidiosis is one of the most economically significant poultry diseases worldwide, caused by the pathogenic Eimeria species, and is characterized by decreased weight gain (WG) and failure to grow due to malabsorption, low feed conversion rate, bloody diarrhea, and dehydration. AIM: This study investigated the effectiveness of licorice root extract (LRE) in controlling cecal coccidiosis to determine whether its combination with maduramicin could help alleviate the pathological, biochemical, and histopathological effects of cecal coccidiosis in Sasso broiler chicks...

BACKGROUND: Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) usage in fish production has drawn more attention because of their positive benefits on disease resistance and fish performance. AIM: The ongoing research was executed to assess the potential advantages of Bio-Mos® dietary supplementation regarding the growth outcomes, physiological response, oxidative biomarkers, and immunity-linked gene expression in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) fingerlings exposed to bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of avian coccidiosis in the poultry industry has grown, resulting in substantial financial losses from high mortality, stunted growth, reduced productivity, and expensive medical expenses. AIM: The purpose of the current study was to assess the immunological effects of neem leaf extract and toltrazuril on broilers that had contracted coccidiosis. METHODS: In this investigation, 100 one-day-old Cobb broiler chicks without sexes were employed...

BACKGROUND: Butyric acid and its derivatives support the immune system, lessen inflammation, and lessen oxidative stress in broilers in addition to preserving gut homeostasis and epithelial integrity. Broiler performance has also been demonstrated to rise with the addition of nucleotides to the diet. AIM: The purpose of the study was to ascertain the effects of butyric acid and nucleotides added to feed on the overall performance, immunity, oxidant/antioxidant enzyme levels, intestinal histology, and hepatic functions of broilers...

BACKGROUND: A commercially significant species in the aquaculture sector globally, particularly in Egypt, is Litopenaeus vannamei. AIM: The experiment's objective was to ascertain how Sanolife PRO-F impacted the growth, water quality, immunological response, and intestinal morphometry of L. vannamei . METHODS: In the current investigation, which lasted 12 weeks, Sanolife PRO-F was administered to shrimp post-larvae at diet doses of 0 (control), 1 (group one), 2 (group two), and 3 (group three) g/kg diet, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Organic selenium (Sel-Plex® ) supplementation holds considerable promise for improving the effectiveness of fish production. AIM: This experiment was accomplished to judge the potential benefits of Sel-Plex® nutritional additive on growth outcomes, physiological response, oxidative status, and immunity-linked gene expression in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) fingerlings exposed to bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila . METHODS: Utilizing a basal diet of 30% protein, four experimental diets were prepared, each of which contained Sel-Plex® at concentrations of 0...

BACKGROUND: Avian salmonellosis is a group of diseases caused by bacteria from the genus Salmonella with a negative impact on poultry, particularly chickens. In addition, salmonellosis is a global food-borne infection. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano-emulsion difloxacin (NED) and commercial difloxacin (CD) water supplement on broiler's growth, feed intake, and body weight, weight gain, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rate (MR)...

Probiotic bacteria are widely used in pharmaceutics to offer health benefits. Microencapsulation is used to deliver probiotics into the human body. Capsules in the stomach have to keep bacteria constrained until release occurs in the intestine. Once outside, bacteria must maintain enough motility to reach the intestine walls. Here, we develop a platform based on two label-free optical modules for rapidly screening and ranking probiotic candidates in the laboratory. Bio-speckle dynamics assay tests the microencapsulation effectiveness by simulating the gastrointestinal transit...

Anastomosis is a common and critical part of reconstructive procedures within gastrointestinal, urologic, and gynecologic surgery. The use of autonomous surgical robots such as the smart tissue autonomous robot (STAR) system demonstrates an improved efficiency and consistency of the laparoscopic small bowel anastomosis over the current da Vinci surgical system. However, the STAR workflow requires auxiliary manual monitoring during the suturing procedure to avoid missed or wrong stitches. To eliminate this monitoring task from the operators, we integrated an optical coherence tomography (OCT) fiber sensor with the suture tool and developed an automatic tissue classification algorithm for detecting missed or wrong stitches in real time...

The intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in obesity and insulin resistance. An altered intestinal immunity is associated with changes to the gut microbiota, barrier function, and tolerance to luminal antigens. Lipid metabolism and its unbalance can also contribute to acute and chronic inflammation in different conditions. In celiac disease (CD), the serum phospholipid profile in infants who developed CD is dramatically different when compared to that of infants at risk of CD not developing the disease...