Pulmonary Thromboembolism

BACKGROUND: Perioperative intravenous (IV) dexamethasone is commonly used in lower extremity total joint arthroplasty to manage postoperative pain and nausea/vomiting, and recent studies have demonstrated that its use may lower rates of acute postoperative medical complications. However, there is limited information regarding the safety and efficacy of IV dexamethasone in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Additionally, there is concern surrounding corticosteroid use prior to surgery as preoperative corticosteroid injections have been associated with adverse outcomes after TSA, including periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and revision surgery...

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of sildenafil on acute pulmonary embolism (APE) using a rat model. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham, pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), and sildenafil groups. The sham and PTE groups received normal saline once daily via gavage for 14 consecutive days, whereas the sildenafil group received sildenafil (0.5 mg/kg/day) once daily via gavage for 14 consecutive days. Autologous emboli were prepared from blood samples collected from the left femoral artery of rats in each group on day 13, and autologous emboli were injected into the jugular vein cannula of rats in the PTE and sildenafil groups on day 14...

D-dimer is a very important biomarker about sepsis, pulmonary thromboembolism and atherosclerosis, thus designing effective and sensitive method for its detection is of great significance. Herein, by synthesizing β-cyclodextrin-carbon nanotube nanohybrid (CNTs-CD) as the carrier to assemble the initial antibody (Ab1 ) of D-dimer, immobilizing secondary antibody (Ab2 ) and sulfydryl ferrocene (Fc) on the nanogold (Au) particles surface as the signaling amplifier (Ab2 -Au-Fc), a low cost, simple, sensitive and effective sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensing (SEI) platform of D-dimer was proposed in this work for the first time...

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas that has not only local but systemic effects as well. Venous thrombosis is one such complication which can give rise to thrombosis of the peripheral vasculature in the form of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and splanchnic vein thrombosis. The prevalence of these complications increases with the severity of the disease and adds to the adverse outcomes profile. With better imaging and awareness, more cases are being detected, although many at times it can be an incidental finding...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the occurrence of death, bleeding, and recurrence according to inpatient or outpatient management of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: . Retrospective cohort that included a consecutive sampling of VTE consultations between 2016 and 2019 diagnosed in the Emergency Center of a private hospital in Argentina. RESULTS: There were 1202 cases, 908 with isolated deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 205 with isolated pulmonary embolism (PE), and 89 cases of combined DVT - PE...

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a debilitating disease characterized by thrombotic occlusion of pulmonary arteries and vasculopathy, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and progressive right-sided heart failure. Thrombotic lesions in CTEPH contain CD68+ macrophages, and increasing evidence supports their role in disease pathogenesis. Macrophages are classically divided into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which are involved in wound healing and tissue repair...

PURPOSE: To present an atypical case of severe bilateral ocular toxoplasmosis with systemic involvement that initially mimicked an autoimmune etiology, posing challenges to its diagnosis and treatment. CASE REPORT: A 39-year-old immunocompetent male was admitted to the hospital due to a presumed pulmonary thromboembolism concomitant with an abrupt onset of vision loss. Initial differential diagnoses included antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, prompting the administration of corticosteroid pulses and rituximab...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a prevalent cardiovascular condition, ranking third globally after myocardial infarction and stroke. The risk of VTE rises with age, posing a growing concern in aging populations. Acute PE, with its high morbidity and mortality, emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and intervention. This review explores prognostic factors for acute PE, categorizing it into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk based on hemodynamic stability and right ventricular strain...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with heart failure (HF) are known to have an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), but there is limited evidence regarding the prognostic implications of HF in patients with acute PE and the relationship between PE prognosis and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The primary objective of this study was the development of a composite outcome (mortality, major bleeding, and recurrence) within the first 30 days. The secondary objective was to identify the role of LVEF in predicting the development of early complications in patients with both HF and reduced LVEF...

(1) Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant public health concern that requires efficient risk estimation to optimize patient care and resource allocation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to show the correlation of NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and PESI (pulmonary embolism severity index)/sPESI (simplified PESI) in determining the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. (2) Methods: A total of 160 patients admitted at the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu from 2019 to 2022 were included and their hospital records were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolic events, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), are frequent complications in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Various prophylactic strategies have been employed to mitigate this risk, such as heparin, intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), and graduated compression stockings (GCS). The optimal thromboembolic prophylaxis approach remains uncertain due to the lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing all interventions...

OBJECTIVE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs in 0.4-0.7% of benign hysterectomies. Pelvic vascular compression secondary to fibroids may elevate VTE risk. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and timing of VTE among individuals undergoing hysterectomy for fibroids and other benign indications. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent a hysterectomy for fibroid and non-fibroid indications from January 2015 to December 2021. Main outcome measure was VTE consisting of pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis diagnosed during 3 periods: i) preoperative (1 year before surgery until day before surgery), ii) early postoperative (surgery date through 6 weeks after surgery), and iii) late postoperative (6 weeks to 1 year after surgery)...

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is caused by compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery against the spinal column. It can range from asymptomatic or present with subtle and unspecific signs and symptoms and rarely exhibit severe complications such as pulmonary embolism (PE). The diagnosis is confirmed by typical imaging findings. Treatment may include conservative measures, anticoagulation, endovascular or even surgical options. We report the case of a 20-year-old female who presented with cardiac arrest caused by an acute massive PE...

This report presents a case of an 81-year-old male with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to aspiration pneumonia who developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). His platelet count remained persistently low despite discontinuing unfractionated heparin and initiating intravenous argatroban. Multiple thromboembolisms, including a new aortic mural thrombus in the descending aorta, were observed on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), resulting in a diagnosis of autoimmune HIT (aHIT). Subsequent high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy substantially improved the platelet count and resolved thromboembolisms...

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic and inflammatory vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Although there is a high rate of deep vein thrombosis in BD, pulmonary arterial thromboembolism (PTE) is a rare complication. We present a 30-year-old patient who was admitted with pleuritic chest pain, non-massive hemoptysis since 4 days ago and medical history of intermittent genial aphthous lesions, and skin lesions. During our evaluation, he had an S1Q3T3 pattern in the electrocardiogram, a high level of D-dimer, a low level of FDP and fibrinogen along with pulmonary emboli in lobar and segmental branches of the right pulmonary artery and segmental branches of left lower lobe pulmonary artery were detected in his pulmonary CT Angiography...

Pulmonary thromboembolism caused by thrombi blocking major pulmonary artery and its branches, is a frequently encountered phenomenon and an important cause of high morbidity and mortality in lung diseases and may develop into persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH). Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway had been reported participated in the formation and development of PH by promoting inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NF-κB activation on the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in acute pulmonary microthromboembolism (APMTE) rats...

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is known to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and less frequently cerebral vein thrombosis, but the absolute risk for a given patient is very low. After starting MHT, the risk of VTE seems to be at its highest, declining to the non-HRT user baseline level of risk after stopping. Whether estrogen-only or estrogen-progestin HRT combination is linked to a similar risk of VTE is unclear from the available evidence...

BACKGROUND: The PROpel study (NCT03732820) demonstrated a statistically significant progression-free survival benefit with olaparib plus abiraterone versus placebo plus abiraterone in the first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) setting, irrespective of homologous recombination repair mutation status. OBJECTIVE: We report additional safety analyses from PROpel to increase clinical understanding of the adverse-event (AE) profiles of olaparib plus abiraterone versus placebo plus abiraterone...

OBJECTIVE: Optimal thromboprophylaxis in orthopaedic procedures is crucial in an attempt to lower the risk of venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. We aim to: 1) identify clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and recommendations (CPRs) on thromboprophylaxis in adult patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures, and 2) assess the methodological quality and reporting clarity of these guidelines. METHODS: The study was conducted following the 2020 PRISMA guidelines for a systematic review and has been registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number (CRD42023406988)...

BACKGROUND: An increasing body of evidence suggests that serum albumin levels play a role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific causal relationship between serum albumin levels and cardiovascular disease remains partially unknown. METHODS: Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed in this study to examine potential causal relationships between instrumental variables and cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, we utilized genetic variants of serum albumin levels within the reference range as our instrumental variables...