Exercise, rehabilitation, physiology, nutrition , chronic diseases

The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs (RP) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation remains controversial. However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of exercise and nutritional therapy. This study aimed to determine the effects of combined nutritional therapy on the physical function and nutritional status of patients with COPD exacerbation who underwent early RP. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbations. Patients were assigned to receive a regular diet in addition to RP (control group) or RP and nutrition therapy (intervention group)...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The burden of respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation can translate to reduced physical activity, in turn contributing to poor exercise capacity, muscle dysfunction, and body composition abnormalities. These extrapulmonary features of the disease are targeted during pulmonary rehabilitation, which provides patients with tailored therapies to improve the physical and emotional status...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Previous literature mostly has demonstrated the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) combined with whole nutrition powder in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the benefits of whey protein as an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) during PR are not clear. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: It took 12 weeks to complete the trial, we divided 90 elderly patients with stable-stage COPD into a low-intensity exercise group (n= 30, PR group), PR plus whey proteins complex group (n= 30, PRWP group), and a control group (n= 30) randomly, and assessed index such as exercise capacity, mental health status, lung function, and body composition...

Despite over 30 years of evidence for improvements in physical function, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life with exercise training in individuals with chronic kidney disease, access to dedicated exercise training programs remains outside the realm of standard of care for most kidney care programs. In this review, we explore possible reasons for this by comparing approaches in other chronic diseases where exercise rehabilitation has become the standard of care, identifying enablers and factors that need to be addressed for continued growth in this area, and discussing knowledge gaps for future research...

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is one of the most important prognostic factors for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Physical activity correlates significantly with skeletal muscle mass and strength. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been conducted to improve physical activity, but its effectiveness has been inconsistent. Nutritional status is also related to physical activity in patients with COPD. The relationships between skeletal muscle mass, strength, and nutritional status evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) were investigated...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive genetic diseases in Caucasians, but CF patients in China are rare, and it was listed as the first batch of rare diseases in China in 2018. In recent years, CF has been gradually recognized in China, and the number of CF patients reported in China in the past 10 years is more than 2.5 times the total number in the previous 30 years, and the total number of CF patients is estimated to be more than 20 000. The research progress of CF gene modification has led to the innovation of CF treatment...

There is a marked inflammatory and hypermetabolic response following a burn injury. The interlinked responses are more pronounced than for other forms of trauma and can persist for ≥3 years post-injury in burned patients. After a burn, patients have an increased risk of diseases of ageing including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, highlighting the need for effective long-term strategies to ameliorate the stress response post-burn. Current therapeutic strategies for post-burn recovery include removal of damaged tissue with surgical excision and wound repair, nutritional supplementation and rehabilitative exercise...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients manifest muscle dysfunction and impaired muscle oxidative capacity, which result in reduced exercise capacity and poor health status. This study examined the effects of 12-week eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CONC) cycling training on plasma markers of cardiometabolic health, oxidative stress, and inflammation in COPD patients. A randomized trial in which moderate COPD was allocated to ECC ( n = 10; 68.2 ± 10.0 year) or CONC ( n = 10; 71.1 ± 10...

Rehabilitation nutrition is a proposed intervention strategy to improve nutritional status and physical function. However, rehabilitation nutrition in patients with cachexia and protein-energy wasting (PEW), which are the main nutrition-related problems in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the current evidence and interventions related to rehabilitation nutrition for cachexia and PEW in patients with CKD. CKD is a serious condition worldwide, with a significant impact on patient prognosis...

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing worldwide, with the fourth highest mortality rate. This study aims to analyze pulmonary function, physical activity, and quality of life (QoL) between genders from the perspective of pulmonary rehabilitation in Korean patients with COPD. This study investigated raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2019 and included 151 COPD patients (men: 66.55 ± 10.07 years, women: 65.21 ± 11...

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is currently the most prevalent autoimmune disorder worldwide. A previous study reported the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with chronic inflammation and found a higher rate of sarcopenia in patients with SLE than in control. A preview study found that exercises management given to SLE patients can reduce fatigue and increase vitality. OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between sarcopenia and SLE from Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) standpoint and its intervention...

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Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from exercise intolerance, the sensation of dyspnea, and fatigue, which are the main reasons for limiting their physical activity. In addition to changes in the respiratory and circulatory systems in patients with COPD, peripheral muscle dysfunction, with numerous metabolic dysfunctions, is observed. One of the symptoms of the described anomalies, among others, is an antioxidative and prooxidative imbalance. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the impact of endurance training, carried out in the extended pulmonary rehabilitation program in COPD patients, on the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants in their bodies...

BACKGROUND & AIM: Patients with early-onset severe COPD are often female and characterized by severe emphysema. Extrapulmonary disease manifestations have not yet been investigated in this clinical phenotype. Therefore, this study aimed to study the physical and mental health profile of patients with early-onset severe COPD. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis including 1058 patients with COPD who were referred for pulmonary rehabilitation between July 2013 and August 2018...

PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the world population. In addition to airflow obstruction, COPD is associated with multiple systemic manifestations, including impaired nutritional status or malnutrition and changes in body composition (low muscle mass, LMM). Poor nutritional status and sarcopenia in subjects with COPD leads to a worse prognosis and increases health-related costs. Data from previous studies indicate that 30-60% of subjects with COPD are malnourished, 20-40% have low muscle mass, and 15-21...

OBJECTIVE: Impairment in physical function and physical performance leads to decreased independence and health-related quality of life in people living with chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Physical activity and exercise in kidney care are not priorities in policy development. We aimed to identify global policy-related enablers, barriers, and strategies to increase exercise participation and physical activity behavior for people living with kidney disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: Guided by the Behavior Change Wheel theoretical framework, 50 global renal exercise experts developed policy barriers and enablers to exercise program implementation and physical activity promotion in kidney care...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a prevalent condition in the UK, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hospital physicians manage a significant portion of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admissions to hospital and readmissions after discharge. Optimal management of exacerbations requires controlled oxygen therapy and ventilatory support where necessary, and careful administration of bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics. Holistic care for these patients includes nutritional supplementation and palliative support for those with advanced disease...

With the growing number of dialysis patients with frailty, the concept of renal rehabilitation, including exercise intervention and nutrition programs for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has become popular recently. Renal rehabilitation is a comprehensive multidisciplinary program for CKD patients that is led by doctors, rehabilitation therapists, diet nutritionists, nursing specialists, social workers, pharmacists, and therapists. Many observational studies have observed better outcomes in CKD patients with more physical activity...

Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, particularly during metabolically stressed states, and limitations in the ability to transport and/or store creatine can impair metabolism. Moreover, increasing availability of creatine in tissue may enhance cellular metabolism and thereby lessen the severity of injury and/or disease conditions, particularly when oxygen availability is compromised...

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is beneficial for people with several forms of chronic respiratory disease. Given the existing limitations on availability of PR services, it is important to identify participants who are most likely to benefit from it. Identification of criteria for patient referral to PR is challenging, as chronic respiratory diseases and their medical and psychosocial co-morbidities place a complex and multifaceted burden on patients. Although research studies have attempted to identify key parameters predictive of 'responsiveness to PR', to date no firm physiological, psychosocial or other criteria exist by which optimal patient candidacy can be determined...