Diabetes treatment

OBJECTIVE: Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been demonstrated to have anabolic effects on bone metabolism and is approved for use in the treatment of osteoporosis. This study evaluates the role of intermittent PTH administration on alveolar bone loss in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. DESIGN: Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: (1) a control group (saline placebo without ligature and STZ injection), (2) a PTH group (PTH administration without ligature and STZ injection), (3) an L group (saline placebo with ligature), (4) an L+STZ group (saline placebo with ligature and STZ injection), and (5) an L+STZ+PTH group (PTH administration with ligature and STZ injection)...

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can progress from an acute presentation to an acute recurring presentation and eventually to chronic pancreatitis, which is characterized by irreversible morphological changes and scarring of the pancreas. The entity known as hereditary pancreatitis has been recognized in the literature for years and certainly the discovery of the PRSS1 gene in 1996 marked the beginning of a new era of genetic discoveries associated with the disease. Since then, multiple genes have been described as the causing agents of pancreatitis or disease modifiers, some of the most important ones being the PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR, CASR, CTRC, CLDN2, and CPA1...

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive fibro-inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by irreversible fibrosis of the gland with eventual failure of exocrine and endocrine functions and hallmark features of abdominal pain, malabsorption, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus and pancreatic calcifications. In many patients this disease results from a complex mix of environmental (eg, alcohol, cigarettes, and occupational chemicals), genetic factors and a few patients with hereditary or autoimmune disease...

Numerous interventions for neuropathic pain (NeuP) are available, but its treatment remains unsatisfactory. We systematically summarized evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials on interventions for NeuP. Five electronic databases were searched up to March 2015. Study quality was analyzed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. The most common interventions in 97 included SRs were pharmacologic (59%) and surgical (15%). The majority of analyzed SRs were of medium quality...

Metformin has been used for the treatment of some metabolic diseases during gestation and the beneficial effects of metformin to the vascular system have been described in diabetic and obese animal models. Nevertheless, the long term consequences to the vascular system of offspring maternally exposed to metformin have not yet been characterized. Therefore, we want to test the hypothesis that gestational and lactational exposure to metformin would be safe for the vascular reactivity of male adult offspring. Wistar female rats were treated with metformin 293mg/kg/day, by gavage, from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD 21 (METG) or GD 0 until post natal day (PND) 21 (METGL)...

Dyslipidemia is caused by disturbances in lipid metabolism that lead to chronic elevations of serum lipids, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides, increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, atherogenic processes, and cardiovascular diseases. The oil from the fruits of Euterpe oleracea (OFEO) is rich in unsaturated fatty acids with potential for treating alterations in lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of OFEO on hyperlipidemia induced by Cocos nucifera L...

OBJECTIVE: Clinical outcomes in individuals with new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) and the optimal treatment for this complication are poorly characterized. This study was intended to better define these issues. METHODS: Patients who underwent kidney transplantation and did not have diabetes prior to transplantation were included in the study and clinical outcomes were compared between those who developed NODAT and those who did not. In those who developed NODAT, oral therapy was compared with insulin based therapy...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of micropulse laser in the early treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) and its associated burden of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. METHODS: This retrospective comparative study compared a group of 19 eyes with DME treated with micropulse laser to a matched control group of 19 eyes with DME treated with ranibizumab injections without micropulse laser. Recorded parameters included previous medical and ocular history, previous and subsequent ranibizumab injections administered for DME, visual acuity (VA), central macular thickness throughout the follow-up period, and the occurrence of any complications...

Skeletal muscle serves an important role in the utilization of glucose during insulin‑stimulated conditions. Excessive saturated fatty acids are considered to be a major contributing factor to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. The present study investigated the effects of hispidin on palmitate‑induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes via an MTT assay, glucose uptake assay, Oil‑Red‑O staining and western blot analysis. Hispidin reversed the palmitate‑induced inhibition of glucose uptake, and inhibited palmitate‑induced intracellular lipid accumulation...

Prolonged elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) contribute to the impairment of insulin secretion function of pancreatic β cells, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, which is partly attributed to the dysfunction of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) signaling. Pollen Typhae total flavone (PTF), an extract from a Chinese herbal medicine named Pollen Typhae, has been reported to effectively treat type 2 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid, severely impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in a time-dependent manner in INS-1 cells, and PTF treatment prevented the impairment in a dose-dependent manner...

The present study aimed to elucidate the role of marine collagen peptides (MCPs) in protection of carotid artery vascular endothelial cells (CAVECs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the mechanism underlying this process. In an in vivo experiment, diabetic Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n=10/group): Diabetes control, and three diabetes groups administered low, medium and high doses of MCPs (2.25, 4.5 and 9.0 g/kg body weight/day, respectively). Another 10 healthy rats served as the control...

Reduced β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) has been demonstrated to exhibit a beneficial effect in diabetic atherosclerosis and retinal neovascularization. However, the effect of reduced β2GPI on vascular disorders in diabetic mellitus (DM) remains to be elucidated. The present study established a high glucose‑induced injury model using human umbilical cords veins (HUVECs) and evaluated the protective effects of reduced β2GPI against the injury. The data demonstrated that a low concentration of reduced β2GPI (0...

This Industry Update covers the period from 1 through 30 April 2017, and is based on information sourced from company press releases, scientific literature, patents and various news websites. Biogen expanded its portfolio of developmental drugs targeting neurological diseases by licensing a drug from Bristol-Myers Squibb which is currently under investigation for the treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy. Takeda announced a deal with NuBiyota focused on developing treatments for gastrointestinal disorders, based on the manipulation of microbes living in the gut...

Renal function impairment in lung cancer patients with bone metastases was investigated, as this can limit the application of bisphosphonates representing the gold standard in the management of such cases. Clinicopathological data of 570 lung cancer patients were retrospectively analysed for changes in renal function parameters. Co-morbidities included hypertension (50%), COPD (33%) and diabetes mellitus (15%). Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher's exact tests and a Cox proportional hazards model...

AIMS: This study investigated the chronic effects of twice daily administration of stable apelin analogues, apelin-13 amide and (pGlu)apelin-13 amide, on metabolic parameters in glucose intolerant and insulin resistant diet-induced obese (DIO) mice fed a high-fat diet for 150 days. STUDY DESIGN & METHODS: Groups of mice received twice daily (09:00 and 17:00 h) injections of saline vehicle, apelin-13 amide, (pGlu)apelin-13 amide or exendin-4(1-39) for 28 days (all at 25 nmol/kg)...

Chronic wounds are a growing problem worldwide with no effective therapeutic treatments available. Our objective was to understand the composition of the dermal tissue surrounding venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). We used novel 2-photon imaging techniques alongside classical histology to examine biopsies from the edges of two common types of chronic wound, venous leg ulcers and DFU. Compared to normal intact skin, we found that collagen levels are significantly reduced throughout the dermis of venous leg ulcer biopsies and DFU, with a reduction in both fibril thickness and abundance...

Child obesity has become a significant health issue in Korea. Prevalence of obesity in school-age children in Korea has been alarmingly rising since 2008. Prevalence of obesity among infants and preschool-age children in Korea has doubled since 2008. Obese children may develop serious health complications. Before nutritional counseling is pursued, several points should be initially considered. The points are modifiable risk factors, assessment for child obesity, and principles of treatment. Motivational interviewing and a multidisciplinary team approach are key principles to consider in managing child obesity effectively in the short-term as well as long-term...

AIM: To compare the therapeutic effect and safety of laser photocoagulation along with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) versus laser therapy in treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Pertinent publications were identified through comprehensive searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing IVR+laser to laser monotherapy in patients with DME. Therapeutic effect estimates were determined by weighted mean differences (WMD) of change from baseline in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) at 6, 12, or 24mo after initial treatment, and the risk ratios (RR) for the proportions of patients with at least 10 letters of improvement or reduction at 12mo...

AIM: To appraise the effect of treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) in proliferative stage with sufficient panrentinal photocoagulation (PRP) therapy and intravitreal injections (IV) Conbercept and posterior subtenon's triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) sequential therapy. METHODS: This prospective clinical randomized controlled trial of cross-over design was conducted in three phases. The participants included cases of DME in proliferative stage. They were divided into two groups and treated with PRP before enrollment...

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of fluorofenidone on disrupted blood-retinal barrier in the diabetic mice and uncover its underlying mechanism. METHODS: db/db mice were randomly chosen for treatment with daily doses of fluorofenidone or placebo at 5-week-old, treatment continued until mice reach 24-week-old. Then, expression of transcriptiona factor insulin gene enhancer binding protein-1 (Islet-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in murine retinas were evaluated...